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    Neighborhood Openspaces and Physical Activity Patterns: An Empirical Study of Full-time Housewives Walking and Exercise in Residential Areas

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ˜‘๋™๊ณผ์ • ๋„์‹œ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•™์ „๊ณต, 2015. 8. ๋ฐ•์†Œํ˜„.๊ณต๊ณต ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋Š” ๋„์‹œ๋ฏผ์˜ ํœด์‹ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋„์‹œํ™˜๊ฒฝ์š”์†Œ์ด๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์—๋Š” ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ์œ„์ฃผ์˜ ์ƒํ™œ์Šต๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋น„๋งŒ๊ณผ ์œ ๊ด€ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ๋น„์ค‘์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๋ฉด์„œ, ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ž์˜ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์„ ์ฆ์ง„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์š”์†Œ๋กœ์„œ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์ด ๋”์šฑ ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ž์„œ ๋น„๋งŒ์ด ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋น„์šฉ์— ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜์‹์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋˜ ๋ถ๋ฏธ์™€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์„ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋„์‹œํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ์ง„์ „๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์„ ์ฆ์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๊ณ , ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ถ•์ ๋˜์–ด ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ณ„ํš๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ๋„ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋„์‹œ ๊ณ„ํš์š”์†Œ๋กœ์„œ ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ž ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์ฆ์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐํžˆ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ ์ฐจ ๋Š˜์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๊ฐ€ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์ธ๊ตฌ๋‹น ๊ณต์›๋ฉด์ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์–‘์  ์ง€ํ‘œ๋‚˜ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค ์ด์šฉ์ž์˜ ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ์‘๋‹ต์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€์—์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋ฉด์„œ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ธ 30-59์„ธ ์ฃผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™๋Ÿ‰์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ „์—…์ฃผ๋ถ€์˜ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ์ฆ์ง„์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ์กฐ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ๊ณ„ํš ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ์ƒ์ดํ•œ ๊ด€์•…, ์†กํŒŒ, ๋ถ„๋‹น, ๋™ํƒ„์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ 957๋ช…์˜ ์„ค๋ฌธ์‘๋‹ต ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค ์ด์šฉํ–‰ํƒœ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๊ณ , ๋‹ค์ค‘ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „์—…์ฃผ๋ถ€์˜ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์—์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ํฐ ์œ ํ˜•์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ์ƒ์ดํ•œ ๊ด€์•…๊ณผ ๋ถ„๋‹น์—์„œ 30-40๋Œ€์˜ ํฌ์ปค์Šค๊ทธ๋ฃน์„ ๋ชจ์ง‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 7์ผ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฐ€์†๋„๊ณ„์™€ GPS๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ, ํ†ตํ–‰์ผ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ํฌ์ปค์Šค๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ํ–‰ํƒœ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ „์—…์ฃผ๋ถ€์˜ ์ผ์ƒ์  ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์„ ์ฆ์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ „์—…์ฃผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์ž๋…€ ์–‘์œก์˜ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“œ๋Š” 45์„ธ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šด๋™์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ด์šฉ ํ–‰ํƒœ๋„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž์ฃผ, ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ ๋ฐ ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์ค‘์ด 44์„ธ ์ดํ•˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ค„๊ณ  ์šด๋™์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์ด ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ๋กœ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค ์ด์šฉํ–‰ํƒœ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜๊ธฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ด์šฉ ํ–‰ํƒœ์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์šด๋™์„ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ํœด์‹์ ์ธ ์—ฌ๊ฐ€๋‚˜ ์นœ๊ต๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์— ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ์ž์ฃผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํ‰์ผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์˜ ๋น„์ค‘์ด ๋†’๊ณ  ์ด์šฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ž์œ ๋กญ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ํœด์‹์ ์ธ ์—ฌ๊ฐ€๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ๋ฐ ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์€ ์ฃผ1ํšŒ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์˜ ๋นˆ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ๊ณ  ์ฃผ๋ง ์˜คํ›„์— ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ „์—…์ฃผ๋ถ€์˜ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค ์ด์šฉ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ์œ ํ˜•ํ™”์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์šด๋™์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํ™œ๋™ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์ง€์› ์‹œ์„ค์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ , ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ํ™œ๋™์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ๊ณผ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ณ„ํš ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์˜ ๋ฉด์ ๊ณผ ์ž…์ง€๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์  ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์˜ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค(๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ/์ค‘๊ทœ๋ชจ/ ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ), ํŠธ๋ ˆ์ผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค(ํ‰์ง€ํ˜•/์‚ฐ์ง€ํ˜•), ๋ณดํ–‰์ „์šฉ๊ฐ€๋กœ์™€ ํ•™๊ต์šด๋™์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ํ˜•์ด ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€์—์„œ ๊ฐ ์œ ํ˜•๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์‹ ๋„์‹œ์ธ ๋ถ„๋‹น๊ณผ ๋™ํƒ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋“ค์ด ์ด์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋‚ด์— ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๊ตฌ๋ฆ‰์ง€์ธ ๊ด€์•… ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฐ์ง€ํ˜• ํŠธ๋ ˆ์ผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ ์–ด ์ด์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ํŽธ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์†กํŒŒ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ž ์‹ค๋™ยท์‹ ์ฒœ๋™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋กœ์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์†กํŒŒ๋™ยท๋ฐฉ์ด๋™์€ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋กœ์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์— ํŽธ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋กœ์˜ ๊ทผ์ ‘์„ฑ์ด ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์˜ ์œ ํ˜•๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์ด์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฒ”์œ„์— ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์˜ ์—ฌ๋ถ€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณดํ–‰์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง„๋‹ค. ์‹ ๋„์‹œ์ธ ๋ถ„๋‹น๊ณผ ๋™ํƒ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ ์ค‘์•™์— ์ž…์ง€ํ•œ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์  ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์˜ ๊ทผ์ ‘์„ฑ์ด ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์ง€๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋กœ์˜ ๊ทผ์ ‘์„ฑ์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ณดํ–‰์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์ด์šฉ์ด ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ‰์ง€ํ˜• ํŠธ๋ ˆ์ผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์™€ ์ค‘๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ดํ•˜์˜ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์  ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค, ํ•™๊ต์šด๋™์žฅ ๋“ฑ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์€ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋กœ์˜ ๊ทผ์ ‘์„ฑ์ด ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค. ์‚ฐ์ง€ํ˜• ํŠธ๋ ˆ์ผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์™€์˜ ๊ทผ์ ‘์„ฑ์€ ์ „ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์œ ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์ง€์—ญ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€, ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ์ „์ฒด์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•ด์„๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์‚ฐ์ง€ํ˜• ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ด€์•…์—์„œ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ „์—…์ฃผ๋ถ€์˜ ์ผ์ƒ์  ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ์žฅ์†Œ๋กœ์„œ ์‚ฐ์ง€ํ˜• ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€๋ณ„ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ง€์ • ๊ณต์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทผ์ ‘์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์™€์˜ ๊ทผ์ ‘์„ฑ์ด ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค ์œ ํ˜•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์ž์˜ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง„๋‹ค. ํŠธ๋ ˆ์ผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง‘์ค‘์ ์ธ ์šด๋™์˜ ๋น„์ค‘์ด ๋†’์€ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๋ณตํ•ฉ์  ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์—์„œ๋Š” ์ •์  ์—ฌ๊ฐ€์™€ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•œ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์œ ์ต์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ค‘๊ฐ•๋„ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์ด ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค ์ฒด๋ฅ˜์‹œ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์ค‘์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ํŠธ๋ ˆ์ผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์—์„œ๋Š” ์ค‘๊ฐ•๋„ ์ด์ƒ ํ™œ๋™ ๋น„์ค‘์ด ๋†’์€ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์ค‘๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠธ๋ ˆ์ผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์—์„œ๋Š” ์ค‘๊ฐ•๋„ ์ด์ƒ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ๋น„์ค‘์ด ํ‰๊ท 60%๋ฅผ ์›ƒ๋Œ๋ฉฐ, ๋ชฉ์ ๋ณดํ–‰์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ์ค‘๊ฐ•๋„ํ™œ๋™ ๋น„์ค‘์ด 33%์ธ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ์ง‘์ค‘๋„๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ์ค‘๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋„์‹œ๊ณต์›๊ณผ ๋†€์ดํ„ฐยท์†Œ๊ณต์›์—์„œ๋Š” ์ค‘๊ฐ•๋„ ์ด์ƒ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์˜ ๋น„์ค‘์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ์•„, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ๋“ค์ด ํœด์‹์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ž๋…€์˜ ๋†€์ด๋ฅผ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๋Š” ๋“ฑ ๋น„ํ™œ๋™์  ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žฅ์†Œ๋กœ ์ด์šฉ๋จ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ๋ณตํ•ฉ์  ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์˜ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋Š” ์ค‘๊ฐ•๋„ ํ™œ๋™์˜ ๋น„์ค‘์ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ๋ฐ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์„ ์ง‘์ค‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ ์™ธ์—๋„ ์ •์  ์—ฌ๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฐ–์ถ”์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์–ด ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์ด ์„ ํƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค ์œ ํ˜•์ด ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์„ ์ฆ์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์˜ ํšจ์šฉ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ ์ธ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณตํ•ฉ์  ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์˜ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๊ณ  ํŠธ๋ ˆ์ผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ด€์•…์—์„œ๋Š” ํœด์‹ ์žฅ์†Œ์™€ ์šด๋™ ์žฅ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜์–ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๋ถ„๋‹น์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ์žฅ์†Œ๋กœ์„œ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํญ์ด ๋„“๋‹ค. ๋‘ ์ง€์—ญ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ์—์„œ์˜ ์ˆœํšŒ(stroll)์€ ๋ชฉ์ ๋ณดํ–‰์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ค‘๊ฐ•๋„ํ™œ๋™์˜ ๋น„์ค‘์ด ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋†’์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์€ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ํ•™๊ต์šด๋™์žฅ์€ ์ค‘๊ฐ•๋„ ์ด์ƒ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์˜ ๋น„์ค‘์ด ๋†’์•„ ์—ฌ๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ํ•™๊ต์šด๋™์žฅ์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•œ ์ผ๋ถ€ ํ”ผํ—˜์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ง‘์ค‘์ ์ธ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ์žฅ์†Œ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์„ฏ์งธ, ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค ์œ ํ˜•์ด ์ƒ์ดํ•œ ๊ด€์•…๊ณผ ๋ถ„๋‹น ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ „์—…์ฃผ๋ถ€์˜ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ์ฆ์ง„ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ํฌ์ปค์Šค๊ทธ๋ฃน ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž ์ค‘ 1์ฃผ์ผ ๋™์•ˆ 1ํšŒ ์ด์ƒ ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋น„์œจ์€ ๊ด€์•…๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ถ„๋‹น์—์„œ ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค(๊ฐ๊ฐ 30%, 58%). ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ค‘๊ฐ•๋„ํ™œ๋™ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ๊ฐ„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜(1์ฃผ์ผ ํ‰๊ท  ๊ด€์•… 39๋ถ„, ๋ถ„๋‹น 42๋ถ„), ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค ์ด์šฉ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ํ‰์†Œ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1์ฃผ์ผ๊ฐ„ ๋ชฉ์ ๋ณดํ–‰์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ•๋„ ์ด์ƒ ํ™œ๋™์ด ๊ด€์•…์—์„œ๋Š” 195๋ถ„, ๋ถ„๋‹น์—์„œ๋Š” 100๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จ๊ณผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ•๋„ ์ด์ƒ ๋ชฉ์ ๋ณดํ–‰ ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ด€์•…์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ปธ์œผ๋‚˜(๊ฐ๊ฐ 195๋ถ„, 98๋ถ„) ๋ถ„๋‹น์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ฐ„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค(๊ฐ๊ฐ 100๋ถ„, 92๋ถ„). ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ด€์•…์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„๋‹น์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด์šฉ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธธ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ํŠธ๋ ˆ์ผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ด€์•…์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ํ˜ธ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์€ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค ์ฐพ์•„์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์˜ ์œ ํ˜•์ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„๋‹น์—์„œ๋Š” ํ‰์†Œ์˜ ์šด๋™์„ฑํ–ฅ๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด, ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋จผ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ๋„ ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํŠน์ง•์ด๋‹ค. ์—ฌ์„ฏ์งธ, ๊ด€์•…๊ณผ ๋ถ„๋‹น ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋กœ์˜ ๋ณดํ–‰์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ํ–‰ํƒœ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋”์šฑ ์‹ฌํ™”์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ‰์ง€์— ์กฐ์„ฑ๋˜๊ณ , ์žฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ณดํ–‰๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ฐ์†์„ฑ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ด€์•… ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์˜์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋งŒ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๋ณดํ–‰๋…น๋„๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ๊ฐ–์ถ”์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๊ณ  ํ‰์ง€ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„๋‹น์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์—์˜ ์˜์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋„ ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค ์ด์šฉ์ž์˜ ์„ฑํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์ด์šฉ ๋ฒ”์œ„๊ฐ€ ํ•œ์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ด€์•…๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”, ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค ์œ ํ˜•์ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด ๋ถ„๋‹น ์ง€์—ญ์ด ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ํ–‰ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ฆ์ง„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ณต์žฌ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ํšจ์šฉ์ด ํฌ๋‹ค. ์ผ์ƒ์  ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์„ ์ฆ์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ์„œ ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์˜ ํšจ์šฉ์€ ์‹ค์ œ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ด๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋ฉด์  ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์š”์†Œ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ(overall) ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ๊ด€์ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ง€์—ญ ๋‹จ์œ„์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด์šฉ์ž์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ๋ฐ, ์ž๋…€๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋„์›€์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“  ์—ฌ์„ฑ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์žฅ์†Œ์˜ ์ œ์•ฝ์ด ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ณด๋‹ค ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์กฑ ๋‹จ์œ„ ์ด์šฉ์—์„œ๋„ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์˜ ์‹œ์„ค๊ณผ ๋ณดํ–‰์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.์ œ1์žฅ. ์„œ๋ก  ์ œ1์ ˆ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  ์ œ2์ ˆ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 1. ๋‚ด์šฉ์  ๋ฒ”์œ„ 2. ๊ณต๊ฐ„์  ๋ฒ”์œ„ 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ์ œ3์ ˆ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ œ4์ ˆ. ์šฉ์–ด์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ ์ œ2์žฅ. ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ณ ์ฐฐ ์ œ1์ ˆ. ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์˜ ์˜์˜ 1. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์ƒํ™œ๊ถŒ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค 2. ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ „์—…์ฃผ๋ถ€์˜ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ์ฆ์ง„ ์ œ2์ ˆ. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 1. ๋ณดํ–‰์„ ์ฆ์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทผ๋ฆฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์š”์†Œ 2. ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ์ฆ์ง„ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค 3. ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ œ3์ ˆ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ฑ 1. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ฑ ์ œ3์žฅ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ œ1์ ˆ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์„ค์ • ์ œ2์ ˆ. ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 2. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€ ์„ ์ •๊ณผ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘ 3. ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ 4. ํฌ์ปค์Šค๊ทธ๋ฃน ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ œ3์ ˆ. ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ(Data Processing) 1. ์œ„์น˜๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ํ–‰ํƒœ์˜ ์ธก์ • 2. ๊ฐ€์†๋„๊ณ„ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์žฅ์†Œ๋ณ„ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™๋Ÿ‰ ์ถ”์ถœ ์ œ4์žฅ. ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ด์šฉํ–‰ํƒœ ์ œ1์ ˆ. ์„ค๋ฌธ์‘๋‹ต์ž ํŠน์„ฑ 1. ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 2. ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค ์ด์šฉ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ์ œ2์ ˆ. ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ๋ชฉ์ ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๋ น๋Œ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค ์ด์šฉํ–‰ํƒœ 1. ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ๋ชฉ์ ๋ณ„ ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค ์ด์šฉํ–‰ํƒœ 2. ์—ฐ๋ น๋Œ€๋ณ„ ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค ์ด์šฉ ํŠน์„ฑ ์ œ3์ ˆ. ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์—์„œ์˜ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ์œ ํ˜• ์ œ4์ ˆ. ๊ทœ์น™์ ์ธ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์˜ ์žฅ์• ์š”์†Œ 1. ์กฐ์‚ฌ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ 2. ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„ ํŠน์„ฑ ์ œ5์ ˆ. ์†Œ๊ฒฐ: ์ „์—…์ฃผ๋ถ€์˜ ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค ์ด์šฉ ํ–‰ํƒœ ์ œ5์žฅ. ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค ์œ ํ˜•๊ณผ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ž์˜ ์šด๋™ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ œ1์ ˆ. ์ „์—…์ฃผ๋ถ€์˜ ์šด๋™์žฅ์†Œ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค ์œ ํ˜•ํ™” 1. ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค ์œ ํ˜•ํ™”์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ 2. ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์˜ ์œ ํ˜• ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ 2. ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„ ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค ์œ ํ˜• ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ ์ œ2์ ˆ. ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค ์œ ํ˜•์ด ์šด๋™์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 1. ๋ถ„์„์˜ ํ‹€ 2. ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 3. ๋ถ„์„์˜ ์ข…ํ•ฉ ์ œ3์ ˆ. ์†Œ๊ฒฐ: ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ์ฆ์ง„ ํšจ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ์ œ6์žฅ. ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ์ฆ์ง„์˜ ์ด์งˆ์  ์–‘์ƒ์ œ1์ ˆ. ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค ์ด์šฉํ–‰ํƒœ 1. ์‘๋‹ต์ž ํŠน์„ฑ 2. ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค ์ด์šฉํ–‰ํƒœ ์ œ2์ ˆ. ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ํŠน์„ฑ 1. ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ง€ํ‘œ 2. ํ‰๊ท  ์ฒด๋ฅ˜์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์ค‘๊ฐ•๋„ ์ด์ƒ ํ™œ๋™์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ œ3์ ˆ. ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค ์ด์šฉ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด ์ œ4์ ˆ. ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ž ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ์ฆ์ง„ ์–‘์ƒ 1. ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™๋Ÿ‰ 2. ํฌ์ปค์Šค๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ๊ฐ•๋„์™€ ์†Œ๋ชจ ์—ด๋Ÿ‰ 3. ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์˜ ์œ ๋ฐœ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ์ œ5์ ˆ. ์†Œ๊ฒฐ: ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์ฆ์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต์žฌ๋กœ์„œ ๊ด€์•…๊ณผ ๋ถ„๋‹น์˜ ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค ์ œ7์žฅ. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก  ์ œ1์ ˆ. ์ „์—…์ฃผ๋ถ€์˜ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์„ ์ฆ์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ”ˆ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์ œ2์ ˆ. ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ ๊ณ„ํš์—์˜ ํ•จ์˜ ์ œ3์ ˆ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ์ธ์šฉ๋ฌธํ—Œ ๋ถ€๋กDocto

    ์ฐธ์—ฌํ˜• ์ €์˜ํ–ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค : ์ธ์ฒœ๊ด‘์—ญ์‹œ ๋‚จ๊ตฌ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ํšํ•™๊ณผ, 2018. 8. Jige Quan.The Low Impact Development (LID) guideline provided by the Ministry of the Environment lacks the participation of residents. Since LID is a decentralized water management system, continuous community involvement and attention is important for the maintenance and management of LID facilities. Therefore, in order to make an effective plan, the planning process is needed in which the opinions of residents can be fully considered. The purpose of this study is to build the Participatory LID Process based on the framework of Geodesign which is strengthened the design process in Planning Support System (PSS) and expanded the participation of residents in the planning stage. In order to investigate the effect of the Participatory LID Process, the case study was conducted on Namgu in Incheon Metropolitan City. The Participatory LID Process was created based on literature review. The LID process of Korea Environment Institute (KEI) was reconstructed according to a framework of Geodesign. The LID Public Outreach Program of County, P. G. S. (1999) has been added to the reconstructed LID process to strengthen the participation of residents. The Participatory LID process based on a Geodesign framework consists of three times iterative processes of the six models (Representation Model, Process Model, Evaluation Model, Change Model, Impact Model, and Decision Model). The first iteration for an understanding of the site and the second iteration for setting a strategy was added into the LID Process of KEI, so that the residents can participate in. The setting of residents who participate in were members of the local government's Residents Participation Budget System Committees. The LID proposal of Namgu, Incheon was simulated according to the LID Process of KEI and the Participatory LID Process respectively. After that, the two plans were evaluated in terms of continuous resident's participation, feasibility, impermeable area reduction and localization. As a result, the LID proposal of Namgu, Incheon derived from the Participatory LID process showed improvement in all evaluation aspects compared to the LID Process of KEI. Thanks to residents providing information on local projects and local conditions suitable for non-spatial LID, the Participatory LID process can be linked to local projects to plan the application of LID techniques in stages to local budgets and residential areas there was. Therefore, a large area of the residential area, which is ambiguously described in the LID Process of KEI and difficult to apply LID techniques, is included as an impermeable ratio reduction area. This study is meaningful that the information and knowledge possessed by the residents are helpful in deriving the LID proposal that reflects the local situation through the Participatory LID process. Such residents' participation can be effective in areas where LID-related computerized data is lacking. However, there are still many challenges to actual implementation and activation of the Participatory LID process. I hope that there will be active research on the residents' participation of LID from this study.Table of Contents โ… . Introduction 1 1. Background and Purpose 1 2. Scope and Flowchart 3 1) Scope 3 2) Flowchart 4 โ…ก. Literature review 5 1. Low Impact Development (LID) 5 1) Necessity of LID 5 2) LID Concept 8 3) LID Process 12 2. Geodesign 15 1) Rational Planning and Geodesign 15 2) Necessity of Geodesign 18 3) A framework of Geodesign 22 โ…ข. Proposed Participatory LID Process 24 โ…ฃ. Case Study 27 1. Organizing the Geodesign team 27 2. The first iteration: Setting Goals 29 1) Defining General Goals 30 2) Representation Model: Identifying Flood Damage 31 3) Process Model : Investigating Current Water Management 32 4) Evaluation Model : Assessing the Effectiveness of Current Water Management 34 5) Change Model : Finding a Underlying Solution to the Flood 35 6) Impact Model : Assessing the Effectiveness of the Solution 37 7) Decision Model : Exchanging Opinions at a Geodesign team meeting 38 8) Defining LID Goals 40 3. The second iteration: Setting a strategy 42 1) From Decision Model to Process Model :ใ€€Reviewing and Selecting Strategy 43 2) Representation Model : Investigating residents' perceptions of LID 46 4. The third iteration: Making an action plan 51 1) Representation Model: Analyzing Watershed 52 2) Process Model : Analyzing Hydrological System and Flood Pattern 53 3) Evaluation Model : Analyzing Land use, Conservation, and Utilization Characteristics 58 4) Change Model : Setting Specific LID Goals and Planning LID Techniques 59 5) Impact Model: Assessing Environmental Impact 61 5. Sub-conclusion 62 โ…ค. Conclusion 64 โ–  References SurveyMaste

    ์†Œ์•„ ์นจ์Šต์„ฑ ์งˆํ™˜์—์„œ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน B ์‚ฌ์Šฌ์•Œ๊ท ์˜ ์œ ์ „์žํ˜• ๋ถ„์„

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ ์†Œ์•„๊ณผํ•™ ์ „๊ณต, 2016. 2. ์ตœ์€ํ™”.Background: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is one of the leading causes of invasive bacterial diseases in infants, and the disease risk is highest during the first three months of age. The purpose of this study was to investigate the genotypic diversity of GBS isolated from infants with invasive diseases in South Korea, and to observe the prevalence of the highly virulent clone. Method: Isolates from infants with invasive GBS diseases were collected prospectively from infants with invasive GBS diseases admitted at 4 referral hospitals from 1995 to 2015, in South Korea. Capsular serotype was determined by sequencing analysis, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was carried out. All GBS isolates were tested for the presence of the gene encoding the hypervirulent surface adhesin (hvgA) by PCR amplification. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by gradient diffusion E-test, and ermB and mefA genes were detected using PCR amplification. Results: Among the 98 GBS isolates collected, 16.3% of the isolates were early-onset disease (EOD), 69.4% were late-onset disease (LOD), and 14.3% were late late-onset disease (LLOD). Fourteen STs were foundST1 (20.4%), ST17 (19.4%) and ST19 (18.4%) were the most prevalent. eBURST analysis revealed 2 clonal complexes (CCs) and 6 singletons. Serotype III (n=50, 51.0%) was the most prevalent, followed by V (n=18, 18.4%), Ia (n=15, 15.3%), and Ib (n=13, 13.3%). Isolates of the same ST usually expressed one dominant serotype capsule. The dominant serotype capsule expressed by ST1 was serotype V, ST17 and ST19 was serotype III, and ST23 was serotype Ia. The hvgA gene was detected in 19.4% (n=19) of the isolatesall ST17 and serotype III (P<0.001). A significant temporal trend of the isolates in serotype III was observedas ST17 increased (P=0.001) in proportion, ST19 decreased (P=0.009). ST1 was a significant pathogen in EOD (43.8%) compared to LOD (16.2%) and LLOD (14.3%) (P=0.039), and was less inclined to cause meningitis (P=0.005) compared with other STs. Erythromycin resistance was significantly associated with ST1 than other STs (P<0.001), with 85% (n=17/20) of the isolates resistant. In contrast, only 7.1% (n=1/14) of ST23 were resistant to erythromycin. Conclusion: Genotype analysis helps in understanding the specific traits of strains that cause invasive diseases in infants. In particular, ST1 is an important strain causing EOD with a high rate of macrolide resistance, and manifests as diseases other than meningitis. The hypervirulent ST17 is prevalent in South Korea, and a trend in the increase in its proportion is seen together with the decrease in ST19.1. Introduction 1 2. Materials and Methods 3 3. Results 7 4. Discussion 17 5. References 21 6. Abstract in Korean 28Maste

    ๊ตฌ๋ฆ‰์ง€ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋‹จ์ง€์˜ ๋ณดํ–‰ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ : ๋ณดํ–‰์•ฝ์ž์˜ ์ด๋™์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) --์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :ํ˜‘๋™๊ณผ์ • ๋„์‹œ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•™์ „๊ณต,2008.2Maste

    Characteristics of walking environment in apartment complexes on gradient sites: focusing on mobility of residents on wheels

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    ๊ตฌ๋ฆ‰์ง€์˜ ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ๋‹จ์ง€๋Š” ๋ณดํ–‰์•ฝ์ž์˜ ๋ถˆํŽธํ•จ์ด ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์ง€๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์  ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์œ ํ˜•์ด๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์žฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜๋Š” ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ์˜ ์ƒ๋‹น์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ‰์ง€์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ถ”์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์†๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ „๋ง ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ(๊น€๊ด‘์ค‘ ์™ธ, 1996), ๊ตฌ๋ฆ‰์ง€ ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ๋‹จ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ–‰์•ฝ์ž์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์žฅ์• ์ธ ์ด๋™๊ถŒ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ๊ณผ์ œ์ธ ๋„์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ฐ์†์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ž‘์—…์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณดํ–‰์•ฝ์ž์˜ ์ด๋™์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณดํ–‰ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ‹€์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•œ ํ›„ ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ‰์ง€ ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ๋‹จ์ง€์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ณ , ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋‹จ์ง€๊ณ„ํš์— ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•  ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค

    Characteristics of Walking Environment in Aprtment Complexes on Hilly Sites-Focusing on the Mobility of Residents on Wheels

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    This paper explores the characteristics of walking environments in apartment complexes built on hilly sites by analyzing the mobility of the residents on wheels, including the walking impaired. Hilly areas, the altitude of which is defined between 40 and 200 meters, comprise approximately 32% of the City of Seoul's total area, while approximately 70% of the redeveloped apartment areas in Seoul were on gradient sites by the 1990s. As the proportion of the redeveloped apartment complexes on hilly sites is continually increasing, the goal of this paper is to evaluate these sites' walkability in order to provide better site design alternatives. The research methods utilized in this paper include GIS analysis, site observation, and interviews of both residents and site planners. The findings of this paper are as follows: First, the degree of slope within the gradient sites, the configuration of curbstones, and the facilities for vertical movement are critical factors influencing the mobility of residents on wheels; Second, in spite of the similarity between the degree of slopes and the scale of complexes, the characteristics of the walking environments within each site can considerably differ according to site design; Third, site planning aimed at creating better walking environments for the walking impaired should consider partition methods for artificial foundations, street patterns, location of vertical movement facilities such as elevators or ramps, and the arrangement of the main walking destinations; Fourth, two of the main factors affecting the satisfaction of residents on wheels are the walking distance and the location of facilities for vertical movement
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