12 research outputs found
An Empirical Study on the Effect of Origin Management Competency on the Export Performance in Korea Export Firm
South Korea has decided to apply the FTA as a major means of national trade policy, and is pursuing a simultaneous multilateral FTA policy. The FTA rule of origin is used as a powerful trade policy instrument that affects the market access of goods and investment decisions of capital. In addition, not only is it different in each FTA agreement, but also because it acts as a trade barrier due to the ambiguity, complexity, and different applicability of the decision criteria of origin, its role and importance are significant. Despite this importance, however, the extent to which domestic companies are interested in decision criteria for origin is very low. In order to improve price competitiveness and expand exports, it is essential to prove the origin of the FTA and to secure the capacity of companies to utilize FTA's rules of origin. This study was an empirical analysis based on a survey to find out the impact on the management competencies of origin in Korea domestic export enterprises export performance. The results of this study are as follows.First, the higher the comprehension of the rules of origin, the higher the export performance of the enterprises. The simplification of the process of origin verification, the understanding of origin, the recognition of origin, the verification of origin, the simplification of origin verification, and the process of confirming country of origin have had a positive effect on the export performance of enterprises.The reliability of the country of origin, the degree of control of the country of origin regulation, and the degree of utilization of the country of origin management system were low in relation to export performance.Therefore, in order to improve the export performance of companies, efforts to increase the understanding of the rules of origin should be given priority.ν λͺ©μ°¨ β
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Effect of Adhesion Conditions on the Shear Bond Strength of 3D Printing Resins after Thermocycling Used for Definitive Prosthesis
Three-dimensional (3D) printing polymers such as urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) and ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate (Bis-EMA) are typically used in definitive prosthesis and require surface treatments before bonding. However, surface treatment and adhesion conditions often affect long-term use. Herein, polymers were divided into Groups 1 and 2 for the UDMA and Bis-EMA components, respectively. The shear bond strength (SBS) between two types of 3D printing resins and resin cements was measured using Rely X Ultimate Cement and Rely X U200, according to adhesion conditions such as single bond universal (SBU) and airborne-particle abrasion (APA) treatments. Thermocycling was performed to evaluate the long-term stability. Sample surface changes were observed using a scanning electron microscope and surface roughness measuring instrument. The effect of interaction between the resin material and adhesion conditions on the SBS was analyzed via a two-way analysis of variance. The optimal adhesion condition for Group 1 was achieved when U200 was used after APA and SBU, whereas Group 2 was not significantly affected by the adhesion conditions. After thermocycling, the SBS significantly decreased in Group 1 without APA treatment and in the entire Group 2. Additionally, porosity, along with increased roughness, was observed on both material surfaces after APA.ope
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The present study aimed to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) and biaxial flexural strength (BFS) of zirconia before and after thermocycling according to the surface treatment methods using low-concentration hot-etching with hydrofluoric acid on the yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) surface. Seventy-two Y-TZP cubes (5x5x5 γ£) were classified into 3 groups for the SBS test according to the surface treatment methods. A total of 3 kinds of surface treatment methods were applied as follows: 1) airborne-particle with 50γ Al2O3 particles at 2 bar for 15 s at a distance of 10 γ (group A), 3) hot-etching with hydrofluoric acid in 100 β for 10 minutes (group E), 4) airborne-particle + hot-etching (group AE). The specimens for the SBS test were coated with a primer on the treated zirconia surface and followed by the application of resin cement with the aid of a plastic mold. Ninety-six Y-TZP discs (25 γ diameter by 15 γ high) were divided into 4 groups for the BFS test according to surface treatment methods. Surface treatment methods were applied as follows: 1) no treatment (group C), 2) airborne-particle with 50γ Al2O3 particles at 2 bar for 15 s at a distance of 10 γ (group A), 3) hot-etching with hydrofluoric acid in 100 β for 10 minutes (group E), 4) airborne-particle abrasion + hot-etching (group AE). Half of the specimens in each group were stored in 37β distilled water for 24 hours, and the other half of the specimens underwent thermocycling between 5 β and 55 β with 1,000 cycles. The specimens of surface treatment groups were observed with the phase composition of Y-TZP was determined by an X-ray diffractometer, a scanning electron microscope, and the SBS, BFS, roughness (Ra) of the specimens were measured. All data were analyzed with analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis tests (Ξ± = 0.05) Regardless of thermocycling process, group E exhibited significantly higher SBS value than the other 2 groups (p 0.05). For all groups, phase transformation occurred from tetragonal to monoclinic phase. Low-concentration hot-etching for 10 minutes produced significantly higher SBS and BFS values compared to airborne-particle abrasion and simultaneous application of airborne-particle abrasion and hot-etching treatment.
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Όλ¬Έ(μμ¬)--μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ :νλκ³Όμ νκ²½κ΅μ‘μ 곡,2004.Maste
Effect of airborne particle abrasion treatment of two types of 3D-printing resin materials for permanent restoration materials on flexural strength
Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effects of airborne-particle abrasion (APA) on the flexural strength of two types of 3D-printing resins for permanent restoration. Methods: Two types of 3D printing resins (urethane dimethacrylate oligomer; UDMA, ethoxylated bisphenol-A dimethacrylate; BEMA) constituting different components were printed. The specimen surfaces were subjected to APA using 50 and 110 & mu;m alumina particles under different pressures. The three-point flexural strength was measured for each surface treatment group, and a Weibull analysis was performed. Surface characteristics were analyzed via surface roughness measurements and scanning electron microscopy. Dynamic mechanical analysis and nano-indentation measurements were limited to the control group. Results: The three-point flexural strength according to the surface treatment was significantly lower in the UDMA group for large particle sizes and at high pressures; the BEMA group demonstrated low flexural strength for large particle sizes regardless of the pressure. After thermocycling, the flexural strengths of UDMA and BEMA significantly decreased in the group subjected to surface treatment. The Weibull modulus and characteristic strength of UDMA were higher than those of BEMA under different APA and thermocycling conditions. As the abrasion pressure and particle size increased, a porous surface formed, and the surface roughness increased. Compared with BEMA, UDMA featured a lower strain, greater strain recovery, and a negligible increase in modulus according to strain. Significance: Thus, surface roughness increased with the sandblasting particle size and pressure of the 3Dprinting resin. Hence, a suitable surface treatment method to improve adhesion can be determined by considering physical property changes.restrictio