A study on Winterization Rules for Machinery Installations and Appliance of Ship Operating in Arctic Waters

The objective of this study is to provide the technical materials and instructions on how to ensure safety of ships operating in arctic waters. For this purpose, followings have been investigated through the literatures- Design Service Temperature - Polar Service Temperature - Scavenge Air of Diesel Engine - Sea inlet and Cooling Water Systems - Life Saving Appliance - Fire Fighting Equipment- the geographic characteristics and natural environment of the Arctic Waters and North Pole Route - the characteristics and problems of ships operating in the Arctic Waters and Draft of Polar Code have been investigated, which has being established by IMO. And related requirements of FSICR(Finnnish-Swedish Ice Class Rule), UR(Unified Requirement) of IACS(International Association of Classification Society), Rule of Classification Societies including RMRS(Russia Maritime Register of Shipping) have been investigated. Based on the above mentioned investigation, the winterization techniques and guidelines on the following machinery installations and appliances have been investigated, and appropriate alternative or future study direction have been provided제 1 장 서 론1 1.1 연구의 배경1 1.2 연구의 목적 및 내용3 제 2 장 북극해와 북극항로4 2.1 북극해와 북극항로의 지리적 현황 4 2.2 북극해의 자연환경9 2.3 북극의 정치, 경제적 현황[1]13 2.4 우리나라 관점에서의 북극항로[1]-[2]14 2.5 방한(Winterization)16 제 3 장 북극항로 운항선박의 규정25 3.1 Polar Code(안)25 3.2 핀란드와 스웨덴 정부, IACS 및 각 선급의 규정 등28 제 4 장 기관장치와 각종 설비 등에 대한 방한 규정 등32 4.1 Polar Code(안)에 따른 선박등급32 4.2 설계서비스온도(DST: Design Service Temperature)37 4.3 극지서비스온도(PST: Polar Service Temperature)39 4.4 디젤기관39 4.5 해수흡입장치 44 4.6 인명구조설비47 4.7 화재 안전 설비61 제 5 장 결론67 참고문헌 7

Minimizing the Motion Picture Distortion of Plasma Display Panel Using a Human Visual System Model

DoctorWhile very competitive in the market for large-size display applications, plasma display panels (PDPs) have some drawbacks that need be solved to increase their competitive power. Motion picture distortion (MPD) is one of such drawbacks, which is inherently induced by the subfield driving method of PDPs. PDP adopts the subfield driving method to implement the gray levels of images. However, due to the on-off mismatches on subfields, when the human visual system (HVS) tracks the movement of the object on the PDP, the amount of the light accumulated on the human retina varies and this induces MPD. Therefore, if we minimize the on/off mismatches on subfields used for the gray levels of neighboring pixels, we can minimize the MPD that human recognizes. This dissertation presents a new optimization approach that dynamically changes the subfield codewords for given image, which minimizes the MPD that the human visual system recognizes. The proposed method uses the fact that MPD is more perceivable at object surfaces than at object edges. In addition, it minimizes the on-off mismatches on the subfields used for object surfaces by giving them priority for codeword selection. For the implementation, a new MPD evaluation method which considers the MPD generated by all possible gray level pairs is used. Next, the cost function and the search space of the new codeword mapping optimization method are evaluated using the MPD evaluation method. Finally, a HVS model is applied to optimization to minimize MPD that the human visual system recognizes. The performance of the proposed approach is experimentally verified using Structural Similarity (SSIM), which is the noise metric designed to consider the characteristics of the HVS. The MPD simulation results show that the proposed approach, changing codewords dynamically, improves the qualities of test images by 0.012 on the average and 0.052 maximally in SSIM, compared with the method using the fixed codewords. The experiments of the MPD simulation also illustrate that the proposed approach maintains the image quality well for all test images, providing them the SSIM values over 0.9 when compared with original images

Discrete Event Model Conversion Algorithm for Systematic Analysis of Ladder Diagrams in PLCs

As product lifecycles become shorter, factories are pushed to develop small batches of many different products. The highly flexible control systems has become a necessity. The majority of existing automated industrial systems are controlled by programmable logic controllers(PLCs). In most cases, the control programs for PLCs are developed based on ladder diagrams(LDs). However, it is difficult to debug and maintain those LDs because the synthesis of LD itself mainly depends on the experience of the industrial engineer via trial-and-error methods. Hence, in this paper, we propose a discrete event model conversion algorithm for systematic analysis of LDs. The proposed discrete event model conversion algorithm is illustrated by an example of a conveyor system