A NEW EXPLOITATION METHOD FOR GAS HYDRATE IN SHALLOW STRATUM: MECHANICAL-THERMAL METHOD

天然气水合物是国家的战略能源之一.天然气水合物分解相变使其开采难度高于常规化石能源.国际天然气水合物试验性开采表明通过降压、注热等方法难以满足商业化开采的需求,尤其在水合物位于浅层、软土情况下,持续稳定且高效率的热量供给是其瓶颈.天然气水合物机械-热联合开采是一种新概念模式,即通过粉碎水合物沉积物通过管道输运并在内部分解,这样既增加了传热的表面积,又利用海水热量和对流传热提高了能量供给效率.分析表明:利用该方法开采时水温过高会导致水合物分解过快而产生不稳定流,温度过低又导致水合物二次生成或结冰;水流流速既要能使被粉碎的水合物沉积物颗粒悬浮和流动,又不能导致流动失稳.为了实现高效安全的机械-热水合物开采,经过初步分析提出原位水合物地层粉碎的颗粒直径设定在0.1~1.0cm 之间,控制水流速度为0.22~0.67m/s,温差保证在5 K以上,混合物中水的体积分数大于0.85

饱和砂土的断裂现象研究

当饱和砂土层液化后,可能发生不均匀渗流,导致砂土中断层的形成,从而为滑坡提供了滑动面。对饱和砂土中的断裂(或称作水层)现象进行了分析,结果表明,只有当砂土层中某处被堵塞不能渗流且该状态一直保持时,才有稳定的断层,否则断层会逐渐消失。同时,对分析结果与试验结果进行了对照

Advances in study of mechanical properties of gas hydrate-bearing sediments

Gas hydrate (GH) is defined as the crystalline solid, or clathrate hydrate, which are formed by some kinds of low mass molecular gases, such as methane, carbon dioxide, and hydronitrogen, with water at relatively high pressure and low temperature conditions. Gas hydrate-bearing sediments (HBS) are some sand, clay and mixed sediment containing gas hydrates. Advances in the study on the mechanical properties of HBS are summarized mainly in aspects of the laboratory test, in-situ investigation, and theoretical model. Firstly, the main factors are discussed including the structure of GH, formation method and matrix characteristics of HBS; Secondly, progress on the laboratory tests and results are discussed, which mainly includes the tri-axial tests with the natural and synthesized HBS samples, the acoustic tests for measuring the elastic coefficients, the tests for investigating the effects of main factors such as the gas and water contents and soil types on the strength of HBS. Thirdly, for in-situ investigations, including the geophysical surveying, in-situ tests (such as downhole tests) and results are summarized; Fourthly, several theoretical models for estimating the mechanical properties of HBS are introduced; At last, the emphases and the tendency in the future study on the mechanical properties of HBS are discussed

盖层特性对CO_2埋存逃逸速度的影响

CO2地下埋存盖层逃逸是判定其埋存可行性的重要因素之一。通过理论分析分别建立了盖层渗透、盖层裂隙或者油井、盖层扩散三种气体逃逸与盖层特性之间的关系,并进行了盖层特性对三种逸出方式的影响分析,以及三种逃逸快慢之间的对比。结果表明:初期以渗透逃逸为主,但随着埋存年限的增加,气体盖层渗透减弱,扩散逃逸占主要地位

Preliminary study on electric resistance of hydrate-bearing sediments

电阻法是探测水合物的一项有效技术手段。通过模拟试验,研究水合物沉积物电阻特性与水合物饱和度等因素的关系,对水合物勘探及储量估算具有重要的意义。通过试验室制样获得粉细砂和黏土骨架的含四氢呋喃(四氢呋喃)水合物土样并对其电阻进行研究。结果发现,当沉积物孔隙中不含液体且骨架的干密度小于一定值时,水合物沉积物的电阻随水合物质量含量的增加而减小,变化范围随干密度的增加而减小;当沉积物孔隙中水合物和液态四氢呋喃共存时,合成试样的四氢呋喃体积分数越大,孔隙中液态四氢呋喃越多,沉积物电阻也就越大,且随水合物饱和度的增加而减小

Experimental study of the sea floor damage due to gas escape in hydrate dissociation

海床下水合物分解可能造成大量的生成气体泄漏.气体渗漏一方面造成海床表层的破坏;另一方面使得海水密度减小造成海上一些结构的安全隐患.本文通过实验研究泄漏气体在水中上升过程中的扩散行为,以及渗漏对海底粉砂土海床的破坏规律.考虑压力,盖层厚度在渗漏气体对盖层土体形态破坏的影响,获得了气体在水中上升过程中的扩散角的特点,以及气体泄漏导致的海床冲刷坑范围随气体压力、土层厚度的变化规律,可以为进一步的研究和工程应用提供参考. 更多还

Simulation of dynamic loading in centrifuge modeling for suction bucket foundations

Suction bucket foundations are widely used in the offshore platform for the exploitation of the offshore petroleum and natural gas resources in the Bohai Bay of China. During winter seasons, ice sheets formed in Bohai Bay will impose strong impact and result in strong vibration on the platform. The measured frequency of the structural vibration of the platforms is 0.8 similar to 1.0 Hz. This paper describes a dynamic loading device developed on the geotechnical centrifuge at Tsinghua University and its application in modeling suction bucket foundation under the equivalent ice-induced vibration loadings

REVIEW OF 《DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS》

量纲分析是解决实际问题的一个有力工具,不仅可以用来合理地简化及处理问题,而且可以导出新知识、获得新信息.越是新现象、新问题、复杂的问题,越能体现量纲分析的优越性

饱和砂土液化引起的变形研究

为了考察饱和砂土液化后的大变形及对海工结构物的影响,着重讨论了振动载荷作用下,荷幅值和频率以及土体渗透性对土体的变形的影响.为进一步分析土体变形和结构物的相互作用打下基础

评析谈庆明的近作《Dimensional Analysis》

量纲分析是解决实际问题的一个有力工具，不仅可以用来合理地简化及处理问题，而且可以导出新知识、获得新信息．越是新现象、新问题、复杂的问题，越能体现量纲分析的优越性