Determination of Iron in Coastal Zone Water with Improved National Standard Method

为了更加准确地检测海岸带水体中的铁含量,将邻菲啰啉分光光度法测定水质铁(国标法)的方法进行了改进。在邻菲啰啉分光光度法的基础上,在p H调节方式、比色皿皿差和显色剂三个方面进行改进。结果表明,改进后方法的线性、准确度和精密度都优于国标法。但改变p H调节方式和扣除比色皿皿差后检测低浓度铁的水样的精密度依然较差(RSD>5%),说明邻菲啰啉的灵敏度较低。以5-Br-PADAP为显色剂用分光光度法检测水样时,方法的准确度和精密度较好(RSD<5%,加标回收率在96.0%~106%之间),该方法可以用于海岸带水体中铁的检测

烟台近海水体不同形态铁的检测分析

本文采用2,3-二羟基萘作为三价铁的络合剂,KBr O_3作为催化剂,在采样过程中加入2,2'-联吡啶掩蔽活性二价铁,用催化吸附阴极溶出法对烟台近岸海水中总活性铁、活性三价铁、活性二价铁、溶解态总铁以及有机络合态铁等5种形态铁的含量进行了分析测定,建立了一套适用于分析近岸海水中5种不同形态铁的方法.该方法测定的最低检出限为0.84 nmol·L~(-1),灵敏度根据所加入铁浓度不同分别为12.5、3.95、1.25 n A·L·nmol-1.此外,应用文中方法对标准海水样品CASS-5和NASS-6中的铁含量进行测试,测试结果与标准海水中铁的浓度基本符合

我国北方重点煤电基地发展伴生的水资源压力分析

鉴于煤电基地的快速扩张会给区域水资源保障带来极大的压力，运用生命周期评价方法计算了２００６～ ２０１５年我国北方九大煤电基地煤炭生产和火力发电的水足迹，提出了虚拟水流出伴生的水资源压力指数，评 价了煤电虚拟水外送给当地水资源系统造成的压力，分析了未来煤电基地发展的水资源适配性。结果表 明， 九大煤电基地煤炭生产和火力发电的年均水足迹为１３．４&times;１０８ｍ３，占当地淡水资源可用总量的２２．８％，煤 炭 和电力外送伴生的虚拟水流出总量持续增加，增长率为３０３１．９&times;１０４ｍ３／ａ，近１０年来，水资源压力指数呈现 上升趋势，六个煤电基地达到中度压力等级，造成巨大的水资源压力；２０２０年，九大煤电基地总水足迹为 １５．７&times;１０８ｍ３，区域可供给煤电基地的水资源量为１１．９&times;１０８ｍ３，只有晋北和准东的水资源满足未来基地扩张 需要；晋中、晋东、陕北和鄂尔多斯通过优化调度等增加区域可供水量后可以满足未来生产需要；宁东和哈 密 发展所需的水资源与供给能力严重不适配，应调整发展战略，保障基地用水安全。</div

Pollution Assessment of Arsenic and Mercury in Surface Sediments from Intertidal Zone of Dagu River Estuary

Research of surface sediments from intertidal zone of Dagu estuary in Qingdao was carried on at the end of October in 2014 and the end of July in 2015. The content of mercury and arsenic of 15 surface sediments in dry season and 45 surface sediments in wet season was determined,and the contamination assessment was conducted. Results showed that the content of arsenic in dry season satisified Class Ⅱ of Marine Sediment Standard,while the content of arsenic in wet season satisfied the Class I. The content of mercury satisified the Class I of Marine Sediment Standard both in dry and wet seasons. The contamination assessment was conducted with geoaccumulation index (I_(geo))and potential ecological risk index (E_r~i). Results demonstrated that the arsenic of surface sediment in dry season was mild to moderate polluted,and the mercury was unpolluted to mild polluted. The arsenic of surface sediment in wet season was unpolluted,and the mercury was also unpolluted to moderate polluted. The potential ecological risk level of arsenic in dry season was mild to moderate,while that in wet season was mild. The potential ecological risk level of mercury was mild to high in both seasons

Dynamic evolution of natural wetlands in Yellow River Delta and related driving factors

以1989、2000和2009年3期LandsatTM和ETM+影像为基本数据源,结合地理信息系统技术与实地考察校正,分析黄河三角洲自然湿地的演变动态及其驱动因子。结果表明,受水盐等因素的影响,自然湿地的分布在空间上呈现出规律性变化。1989&mdash;2000年,黄河三角洲的自然湿地面积的年变化率为-0.3,动态度为3.1,而在2000&mdash;2009年,其年变化率为-1.8,动态度为5.1,表明自然湿地面积变化情况有所加剧。对湿地变化原因的分析表明,黄河水情是自然因素中最重要的方面,部分自然湿地亚类之间存在相关性;养殖池、水田建设等人为因素与自然湿地的减少有着显著的相关性,灌草地减少则与居民和工矿建筑用地增加有密切关系。 &nbsp

LAMP耦合荧光侧向流层析试纸条的空间微生物快速检测技术

微生物种类及其含量监测是空间站内微生物控制的重要环节。但是空间环境的微重力条件及对资源的条件限制导致地面常规检测实验难以开展，因此在轨微生物检测主要依靠培养法。基于侧流层析试纸条的生物分子识别检测方法具有不受微重力环境影响的优点，耦合荧光检测方法可以达到较高的检测灵敏度，是在轨微生物检测的潜在方法之一。针对空间环境中对航天员生活环境及仪器仪表设备具有潜在危害的微生物，研究了一种基于环介导等温扩增（LAMP）耦合荧光侧流层析试纸条的微生物核酸鉴别技术。研究结果表明，该技术可实现对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等空间站常见有害微生物的高灵敏、高特异性、快速检测，检测时间小于60 min，灵敏度达到100 copy·μL–1

Speciation analysis of iron in Yantai coastal waters

本文采用2,3-二羟基萘作为三价铁的络合剂,KBr O_3作为催化剂,在采样过程中加入2,2'-联吡啶掩蔽活性二价铁,用催化吸附阴极溶出法对烟台近岸海水中总活性铁、活性三价铁、活性二价铁、溶解态总铁以及有机络合态铁等5种形态铁的含量进行了分析测定,建立了一套适用于分析近岸海水中5种不同形态铁的方法.该方法测定的最低检出限为0.84 nmol·L~(-1),灵敏度根据所加入铁浓度不同分别为12.5、3.95、1.25 n A·L·nmol-1.此外,应用文中方法对标准海水样品CASS-5和NASS-6中的铁含量进行测试,测试结果与标准海水中铁的浓度基本符合

膜分离蚕豆蛋白酶解产物的理化性质及生物活性Physicochemical properties and biological activity of broad bean protein hydrolysate obtained by membrane separation technology

以新鲜蚕豆为原料，采用碱溶酸沉法提取蚕豆蛋白，采用4种不同蛋白酶对蚕豆蛋白进行单酶或双酶酶解，通过比较蚕豆蛋白水解度和多肽得率筛选出最优的两种酶复合酶解蚕豆蛋白，将复合酶解液通过膜分离技术分离得到BBPHs-Ⅰ(10 kDa)5个不同分子质量的组分，对5个组分的氨基酸组成、紫外光谱、红外光谱进行分析，同时通过测定体外抗氧化活性及α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率表征其活性。结果表明：选用菠萝蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶对蚕豆蛋白进行复合酶解；与膜分离前比较，膜分离后10 kDa以下的蚕豆蛋白酶解产物总氨基酸含量增加，BBPHs-Ⅱ、BBPHs-Ⅲ、BBPHs-Ⅳ的疏水氨基酸含量较高，此外BBPHs-Ⅲ的总氨基酸、必需氨基酸、疏水氨基酸、芳香氨基酸含量均为最高，分别为65.304%、19.222%、20.762%、8.769%。不同分子质量的蚕豆蛋白酶解产物表现出一定体外抗氧化能力，当质量浓度为10 mg/mL时，BBPHs-Ⅳ的ABTS自由基清除率可达（27.89±0.01）%，BBPHs-Ⅱ的DPPH自由基清除率可高达（57.70±0.00）%；当质量浓度在2～32 mg/mL范围内，不同分子质量蚕豆蛋白酶解产物的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性呈剂量依赖关系，BBPHs-Ⅱ、BBPHs-Ⅲ、BBPHs-Ⅳ表现出良好的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性，质量浓度为32 mg/mL时BBPHs-Ⅲ的α-葡萄糖苷酶活性抑制率最佳，达到（86.56±1.23）%。因此，通过膜分离技术得到的小分子质量的蚕豆蛋白酶解产物具有更好的抗氧化活性和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性，具有良好的开发及应用前景。 Fresh broad beans were used as raw materials, broad bean protein was extracted by alkali solution and acid precipitation. Four different proteases were used for single enzyme or double enzyme hydrolysis of broad bean protein, and the best two enzymes were selected for the complex enzymatic hydrolysis of broad bean protein by comparing the hydrolysis degree and polypeptide yield of broad bean protein. Then the broad bean protein hydrolysate (BBPHs) were fractionated by membrane separation into five fractions of BBPHs-Ⅰ(10 kDa).The amino acid composition, UV and IR spectra of the five fractions were analyzed, and their biological activities were characterized by in vitro antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase inhibition rate. The results showed that pineapple protease and papain were selected for the complex enzymatic hydrolysis of broad bean protein.The total amino acid content of broad bean protease hydrolysate below 10 kDa after membrane separation increased compared with that without membrane separation,and the hydrophobic amino acid contents of BBPHs-Ⅱ, BBPHs-Ⅲ and BBPHs-Ⅳ were higher.In addition, BBPHs-Ⅲ had the highest content of total amino acid, essential amino acid, hydrophobic amino acid and aromatic amino acid with 65.304%, 19.222%, 20.762% and 8.769% respectively.Protein hydrolysate components with different molecular weights showed certain in vitro antioxidant capacity.The ABTS free radical scavenging rate of the BBPHs-Ⅳ could reach (27.89±001)%,DPPH free radical scavenging rate of the BBPHs-Ⅱ could reach (57.70±0.00)% at 10 mg/mL mass concentration.When the mass concentration ranged from 2 mg/mL to 32 mg/mL, the α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of different molecular weight broad bean hydrolysates showed a dose-dependent relationship. BBPHs-Ⅱ, BBPHs-Ⅲ and BBPHs-Ⅳ showed good α-glucosidase inhibitory activities,and BBPHs-Ⅲ possessed the best α-glucosidase inhibition rate 〔(86.56±123)%〕 at 32 mg/mL mass concentration. Therefore, the small molecular weight broad bean protein hydrolysate obtained by membrane separation had higher antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity，and had good development and application prospects

天山山区水汽含量及与气候因子的关系[C]

本文利用建立的天山山区水汽含量与地面水汽压的经验关系式,计算了天山山区及周边其他无探空测站1961-2009年的水汽含量值,分析了水汽含量的时空分布及其与区域气候变化因子的关系。结果表明:天山山区水汽含量高值区主要分布在天山北麓的河谷平原地带,中天山和东天山是低值区。水汽含量在近50a内呈增加趋势,夏、秋季增加明显,春季增加不明显。EOF分解表明水汽含量空间场主要有全区一致性和南北坡反相变化两种分布型态。水汽含量是影响天山山区降水量的最主要的因素之一,夏季大气水分与降水的关系最为密切,EOF分解表明降水和水汽前两种向量场空间分布型和时间的相似程度很高。水汽与其他气候变化因子也有一定的关系,水汽..

乌鲁木齐夏季水汽日变化及其与降水的关系/Analysis on Daily Variation of Water Vapor and Its Relationship with Rainfall in Urumqi in Summer[J]

利用2008年6-8月微波辐射计的观测资料和探空数据,对反演得到的温、湿度廓线进行对比分析,得出温、湿度廓线与探空数据具有很好的相关性,两种设备观测的水汽廓线总体趋势一致.微波辐射计观测的乌鲁木齐夏季水汽总量(PWV)呈明显的日循环特征,PWV平均为21.66 mm,从04:00-15:00逐渐减小,从15:00-23:00逐渐增加,最大值为22.44mm,最小值为20.89 mm,日变幅为1.55 mm,变化率7.1％.乌鲁木齐夏季降水主要发生在夜间,尤其是后半夜,这与PWV的日变化基本一致.降水前有一定的水汽积累,等达到一定量值时,在相应的动力机制影响下发生降水,降水结束后PWV值减小且急剧下降