环境关怀缺失:矿难报道的限度与超越

近年来,传媒对矿难给予了大量的关注。但笔者发现,传媒关注的焦点主要是政府活动和死伤者情况。由此带来的便是对矿难中环境资源被破坏情况的忽视与遮蔽,这显然与“十二五“规划纲要重视环境保护的战略取向相背离。中国地质大学(武汉)“李四光计划”重点支持项

A Study on Liver Damage Induced by Photodynamic Therapy

目的　研究光动力作用对活体肝组织的损伤 ,探讨光动力治疗肝癌的可行性 ,为临床治疗提供实验依据。方法　动物实验 :将小鼠分成光动力疗法 (PDT)组、单血卟啉衍生物 (HpD)组、激光组和空白对照组。光敏药物选用血卟啉衍生物 ,给药量每公斤体重 10mg ,药物用 1ml生理盐水稀释 ,于实验前 48h将药物注射入PDT组和HpD组小鼠腹腔内 ,避光饲养。将PDT组和激光组小鼠固定于实验板上。麻醉后 ,剖腹暴露右肝前叶 ,激光直接投照于肝脏表面 ,光斑直径 5mm ,照射 2min。激光器为氩离子泵浦染料激光器系统 ,光波长 6 30nm ,输出功率 10 0mW ,每一照射区能量累积约 6 0J ,照光后关腹 ,回笼饲养观察。于照光后 1、2 4、72、12 0h处死各组小鼠 ,剖腹取肝组织置于 4%福尔马林液中固定 ,常规石蜡包埋切片 ,HE染色 ,光镜观察。临床治疗 :经病理确诊的肝癌患者 ,于治疗前 48h做皮肤划痕试验 ,阴性者按每公斤体重 5mg静脉给药。治疗时 ,在B超引导下 ,用 18G肝穿针经皮穿刺 ,将石英光纤导入肝肿瘤内。激光波长 6 30nm ,输出功率 35 0mW ,每一照射点能量累积2 2 0J。治疗 1个月后行二期切除术。标本用 4%福尔马林固定 ,常规石蜡包埋切片 ,HE染色 ,光镜观察。结果　动物实验光镜观察结果显示 :PDT组于照光后 2 4h出现照光区肝细Objective To investigate the liver damage induced by photodynamic therapy(PDT) and provide an experimental basis for PDT treatment for liver cancers. Methods 96 normal mice were divided into 4 groups: PDT group, laser group, HpD group and control group. The photosensitizer used in this study was hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD), diluted in 5% glucose and injected into the peritoneal cavity at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight 48 h before light irradiation. The mice were kept from sunlight exposure. After anesthesia the abdomen was opened and the right front lobe of the liver was exposed. An argon laser pumped dye laser system was used. The liver surface was directly irradiated by the 630 nm laser beam at a power of 100 mW for 2 minutes. The spot size was 5 mm in diameter and the energy density was 60 J/cm 2. The mice were killed at 1, 24, 72 and 120 hours after laser irradiation, respectively. Samples were embedded in paraffin and HE stained sections were examined underlight microscope. Besides, a 46-years old male patient with liver cancer was also included in this study. He received HpD in a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight, i.v. injected 48 h prior to laser irradiation. Ultrasound-guided liver puncture was performed and optical fibers were inserted into and evenly distributed in the tumor. The 630 nm laser irradiation was carried out at a power of 350 mW, energy density of 250 J/cm 2 per each spot. The patient was operated one month later and specimens were taken for histopathological examination. Results Animal experiment: Large necrotic areas were observed in livers of mice 24 hours after PDT. There was a clear demarcation between irradiated and non-irradiated areas observed by both gross and microscopic examination. Fibrous proliferation was seen in the surrounding tissues 120 hours after PDT. Swelling of hepatocytes was observed at 1 h after laser irradiation alone, but returned to normal at 72 h after irradiation. No damage to hepatocytes was observed in livers of both HpD alone and control groups. Clinical case: Wide-spread necrotic areas were present in the PDT irradiated tumor tissue. Normal hepatocytes were observed in the non-irradiated surrounding tissue. There were numerous lymphocytes and macrophages infiltrating in the surrounding areas. Conclusions Selective and sharply demarcated photodamage to liver tissue can be induced by selective laser irradiation after HpD administration. It is suggested that photodamage to surrounding normal tissues can be avoided by carefully controlled laser irradiation during photodynamic therapy of liver cancers.福建省“95”重点科技项

Cognitive Function and Activity of Daily Living of the Old Elderly of Zhuang Nationality in Bama County

目的:了解广西巴马县壮族长寿老人认知功能及日常生活自理能力. 方法:采用简易智力状态检查(MMSE)、日常生活能力量表(ADL)入户调查. 结果:85～89、90～94、95～104岁组MMSE总分分别为24.39±2.36;23.5±2.7;22.3±3.1,符合认知下降诊断者分别占3%;9.3%和13.7%.长寿老人随增龄主要表现为短时记忆、注意力和计算力下降明显(P＜0.05).ADL方面,各组自理能力功能丧失率分别为6%;12.5%和31%,其中85～89岁与95～104岁组比较差异显著(P＜0.05),而在ADL所有项目中,仅85～89岁与95～104岁组在处理自已钱财功能丧失有显著差异(P＜0.05). 结论:巴马长寿老人总体认知功能、自理能力较其他老年人群保持好;增龄仍然是长寿老人认知及日常活动能力下降的重要因素;长寿老人ADL和MMSE相关明显

化痰方及化痰活血方对糖尿病大鼠胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的:探讨化痰方及化痰活血方对改善糖尿病大鼠胰岛素抵抗的影响。方法:以高热量饲料加小剂量链脲佐菌素(STZ)建立接近于人类2型糖尿病的糖尿病大鼠模型,随机分为糖尿病组、化痰方组及化痰活血组,以正常大鼠为对照组。观察化痰方和化痰活血方在降血糖、调节血脂紊乱、改善胰岛素抵抗作用等方面的影响并比较其异同。结果:两种功效的中药复方均能显著降低血糖、调节血脂紊乱,并能改善胰岛素抵抗,增加胰岛素敏感性。但化痰活血组在提高胰岛素敏感性方面的疗效优于化痰方组(P<0.05)。结论:具有化痰和化痰活血功效的中药复方均能改善胰岛素抵抗,但化痰活血中药复方的作用更明显

超声引导间质性激光动力学疗法治疗肝癌新方法

超声引导间质性激光动力学疗法治疗肝癌新方法福建医学院附属二院邮政编码362000吕国荣，陈骥厦门大学抗癌研究中心曾超英，杨栋，黄萍有关超声引导间质性激光动力学疗法治疗肝癌国内外尚未见报道。本文报道11例采用该技术临床应用的经验并探讨其临床应用价值。原...福建省85攻关项

Rapid Propagation of Anoectochilus roxburghii

以金线莲(Anoectochilus roxburghii)试管苗带节茎段和顶芽为外植体,用正交试验筛选芽快速增殖的培养基配方,并研究生根粉(ABT)对促根壮苗的作用。结果表明,丛生芽增殖最佳配方为MS+BA 3.5mg/L+KT 1.5mg/L+NAA 0.6mg/L,两个月增殖倍数达3.5;3mg/L 3号生根粉对金线莲生根壮苗效果最佳,使植株生根条数、最长根、植株增高和增叶数分别比对照增加12.8%、34.1%、13.2%和22.4%,从而提高移栽成活率,3种不同基质均达到94%以上。Taking stem segments and apical buds as explants, the optimal culture medium for rapid propagation of Anoectochilus roxburghii were carried out by orthogonal screening experiment. MS + BA 3.5mg/L + KT 1.5mg/L + NAA 0.6mg/L gave the best result for multiplication of adventitious buds and proliferated buds for 3.5 times within 2 months. The growth media supplemented with ABT3 3mg/L increased the number of roots, the length of roots, the height of seedlings and the number of leaves by 12.8%, 34.1%, 13.2% and 22.4%, respectively.福建省漳州市科委项目(Z02028)资

二陈汤方加减对2型糖尿病并发脂肪肝模型大鼠血糖、血脂、胰岛素抵抗以及肝功能和肝脏脂肪变的影响

目的:观察具有化痰利湿、活血化瘀功效的二陈汤方加减干预2型糖尿病并发脂肪肝大鼠血糖、血脂、胰岛素的抵抗状况,以及脂肪肝模型病理形态学的变化。方法:实验于2004-04/11在厦门大学医学院动物实验中心完成。①选用健康Wistar大鼠40只,7周龄,雌雄各半。随机抽取12只为正常对照组,喂以普通饲料(其中各成分质量分数如下:碳水化合物0.6、蛋白质0.22,脂肪0.1,其他0.08,脂肪以豆油为主),其余则喂养高热量饲料(其中各成分质量分数如下:碳水化合物0.4,蛋白质0.13,脂肪0.4,其他0.07,脂肪以动物油脂为主)。2个月后,正常对照组的大鼠一次性腹腔注射0.1mol/LpH4.2枸椽酸缓冲液,其余28只大鼠则一次性腹腔注射链脲佐菌素25mg/kg。72h后查血糖≥16.7mmol/L为糖尿病大鼠,造模成功24只。②将24只糖尿病大鼠随机分为2组:模型组和二陈汤方加减组,每组12只。正常对照组喂以普通饲料,其余2组均喂养高热量饲料。二陈汤方加减组大鼠按8mL/(kg·d)剂量灌胃二陈汤方加减药物,由陈皮、半夏、茯苓、僵蚕及地龙等组成(上述中药由本院中药房提供),由本院药剂科制备成浓缩液(含生药2g/mL),1次/d;正常对照组和模型组灌胃等量的自来水,均连续干预16周。③然后采用ELISA法测血胰岛素水平,计算肝指数(肝湿重/体质量×100%)和胰岛素敏感指数ln｛[1/(空腹血糖×空腹胰岛素)]｝;光镜下评估肝脂肪变性和炎症坏死程度。炎症活动度计分[慢性肝炎炎症活动度及纤维化计分方案炎症活动度计分分为汇管区(P)、小叶内(L)、碎屑坏死(PN)及桥接坏死(BN)4项,每项依病变轻、中、重程度分别计以1,3,4分,计分公式为P+L+2(PN+BN)]。按照上海九强生物技术有限公司提供相应试剂盒说明书测定血清三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、白蛋白及总蛋白水平。分别于造模前、造模后8周及造模后16周采用氧化酶法测定空腹血糖。④计量资料、等级资料、率差异比较分别采用两样本均数t检验、秩和检验、两样本率差别的统计意义检验。结果:由于造模失败脱失4只,最终进入结果分析36只。①肝指数:造模后16周模型组和二陈汤方加减组明显高于正常对照组(P<0.01)。②空腹血糖水平:造模后8和16周模型组及二陈汤方加减组均明显高于造模前和正常对照组(P<0.01)。造模后8和16周二陈汤..

乳腺癌患者配偶焦虑抑郁状况的调查及相关因素分析

目的:评估乳腺癌患者配偶的焦虑抑郁状况,分析影响焦虑抑郁的相关因素。方法:采用问卷方式,调查蚌埠医学院第一附属医院肿瘤外科110名乳腺癌患者配偶。该问卷由焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)和人口社会学资料组成。结果:乳腺癌患者配偶焦虑和抑郁的发生率分别为43.36%和40.91%。SAS、SDS评分与国内常模比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。乳腺癌患者配偶常见焦虑、抑郁情绪的相关因素为年龄、文化程度、付费形式、家庭月收入、肿瘤分期等。结论:乳腺癌患者配偶焦虑、抑郁的发生率较高,临床护理中要加强对配偶的心理干预

血管平滑肌细胞自噬对小鼠主动脉夹层形成的影响

目的研究血管平滑肌自噬对小鼠主动脉夹层形成的影响。方法①构建小鼠主动脉夹层模型：60只C57BL/6小鼠被随机分为三组：阴性对照组、实验（AD）组、氯喹（CQ）干预组，实验组与CQ组使用β-氨基丙腈（BAPN）喂养联合人血管紧张素-Ⅱ（Ang-Ⅱ）皮下注射16 d构建小鼠主动脉夹层的模型，同时干预组每天腹腔注射CQ，对照组给予生理盐水。②Yes相关蛋白（YAP）、自噬相关蛋白及血管平滑肌细胞相关标志蛋白的检测：采用蛋白质免疫印迹法、免疫组织化学染色法对小鼠主动脉样本中YAP、微管相关蛋白1轻链3（LC3）、P62及血管平滑肌细胞不同表型相关标志蛋白进行检测。结果①实验组主动脉夹层的发生率为60%，干预组小鼠未见明显主动脉夹层形成征象。②与对照组相比，实验组与干预组小鼠主动脉中合成型血管平滑肌细胞（VSMC）标志蛋白骨桥蛋白（OPN）、LC3含量明显增高，同时，收缩型VSMC标志蛋白α-SMA及YAP蛋白的表达下降（P&lt;0.05）。结论在BAPN联合Ang-Ⅱ构建的小鼠主动脉夹层模型中，YAP蛋白调控VSMC表型转化，且该过程受到自噬的调节，自噬可能作为YAP蛋白调控VSMC表型转化致小鼠主动脉夹层形成的关键