The Attractant Efficiency of Alternative Carrier Materials for Methyl Eugenol (with Toxicant) to Oriental Fruit Flies (Bactrocera dorsalis)

甲基丁香油為東方果實蠅（oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis）之類費洛蒙（para-pheromone），對性成熟之雄成蟲具強烈誘引力。吸附含毒甲基丁香油之甘蔗板為我國大面積共同防治東方果實蠅的主要資材，近年來因甘蔗板屬非防火資材，業者供應日漸減少，造成不易取得之窘境，為維持良好之防治效能，尋找可替代吸附資材為防治工作上之重要課題。本研究係就木槳棉、不織布、吸收棉、濾油棉網及高科技泡棉等5種不同類的吸附材質探討其施用效能，結果顯示5種替代資材中，僅不織布材質有防水效果，而田間的消退試驗亦顯示不織布、吸收棉片及高科技泡棉所吸附含乃力松之甲基丁香油等藥液和甘蔗板吸附效能一致。另此等吸附資材如田間搭配傘型誘殺器使用，與甘蔗板具有相當4 週消退的效果，其中不織布及吸收棉片可達6週，高科技泡棉可達7週相當之效果。整體而言，本研究測試此等吸附資材可供替代目前甘蔗板，應用於防治東方果實蠅及偵測相關的外來害蟲的材料。 Methyl eugenol, when used as a para-pheromone for oriental fruit flies, holds a strong attraction for sexually mature male flies. Not only can methyl eugenol be used to suppress the population of oriental fruit flies (Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)), it can also be used to detect and attract foreign pests from the Bactrocera genus. In order to conveniently and effectively apply methyl eugenol in the field, sugarcane boards (fiber block boards) are often used as the absorption material. Each board can last for a minimum of 2 months. However, in recent years, it has become increasingly difficult to obtain these sugarcane boards, making it important to find alternative materials. This study explored the application performance of alternative materials such as wood pulp cotton, non-woven cloth, oil filter cotton and foam material. The results show that from all the alternatives tested, only non-woven cloth proved to be waterproof, although its rate of degradation was quite rapid. However, it should be noted that the absorption effects of all these alternatives were comparable to that of a sugarcane board. Furthermore, when these same materials were used in umbrella traps in the field, they easily surpassed the four weeks sugarcane board kill-attract efficiency rate. The non-woven cloth had a six weeks kill-attract efficiency, while the foam material had a kill-attract efficiency for up to seven weeks. Overall, the results of this study seem to suggest that for the control of oriental fruit flies and the detection of foreign pests all of these alternative materials could be used to replace the more difficult to obtain sugarcane board

The management strategy based on the effects of climate change on crop pests

目前大家已能接受全球氣候變遷對生態系統會產生重要影響，這結果多數是藉由經度與緯度變化的角度切入研究。雖然如此，但過去百年以來，台灣仍缺乏農業長期變化與空間分布因子的相關研究。有鑑於此，本研究目標包括蒐集往昔科學研究報告所示之農作物有害生物資料，從中分析農業生態系統之中作物有害生物 (病原、害蟲、雜草)與作物、栽培措施及氣候因子的相互關係，建立一個可以預測氣候暖化對有害生物分布影響的管理策略。 It is now widely accepted that global climate change is affecting many ecosystems around the globe and that its impact is increasing rapidly. Many studies predict that impacts will consist largely of shifts in latitudinal and altitudinal distributions. However, the related studies on long-term changes and spatial distribution characteristics of agro-climatic conditions in the past 100 years in Taiwan are still unknown. Accordingly, the present project has following goals: i) to glean available information from the historically scientific papers associated with mainly crop pests of Taiwan; ii) to analyse the relationships among the pests (e.g. pathogens, insect pests, and weeds), crops, cultivated techniques, and climatic factors in agro-ecosystem, and then, to establish a management strategy to predict the effects of climate warming on species distribution of crop pests