珠江口滨海湿地景观格局变化分析

以专题地图和遥感影像为数据源,采集1986、1995和2005年珠江口滨海湿地数据,选取基于景观类型的景观聚集度指数、景观分维数和基于景观面积的景观多样性指数,从景观类型和景观水平研究珠江口滨海湿地景观格局变化。结果表明:(1)在各湿地景观类型中,面积占绝对优势的是浅海水域景观,面积增加最多的是养殖水面,减少最多的是水田。(2)受人为开发因素影响,湿地总面积持续减少,1986―1995年和1995―2005年湿地总面积相继减少20821hm2和55708hm2,分别相当于研究区总面积的5.3﹪和14.2﹪。(3)湿地景观变化具有显著时间异质性,类型分布具有显著的空间异质性。人为开发和分割湿地景观导致各景观类型聚集度指数不同程度降低,而景观分维数增加,景观多样性指数先小幅增加后大幅下降。(4)湿地景观格局的变化导致湿地整体质心坐标经历了先向北移动0.4km,后向东南迁移6.1km。前后两个时期相比,湿地面积减少速度和质心迁移速度在后期明显加快,由此反映出岸线以上陆域湿地正在加速退化。研究珠江口滨海湿地景观格局变化,可为保护和长期规划珠江口滨海湿地提供科学依据。

基于RS与GIS的珠江口养殖用地时空变化分析

珠江口地区是我国重要的养殖基地,近20年来养殖业在数量和空间分布上发生了较大的变化。利用遥感(RS)及地理信息系统(GIS)技术能够有效监测珠江口海岸带地区水产养殖场的变化。本文应用1990年、2000年、2005年和2008年4个时相的遥感数据,采用面向对象的方法,综合光谱、空间关系和形状特征信息进行了养殖用地的提取。结果表明1990年-2000年珠江口沿岸地区养殖用地面积有较大增长。2000年-2005年该地区养殖用地变化强度减弱。2005年-2008年西岸养殖用地仍然保持增长,而东岸却大幅减少。对养殖用地重心的迁移距离和迁移方向进行分析,结果表明1990年-2008年珠江口东西岸养殖用地均呈向西北方向迁移的模式。研究期内增加的养殖用地主要来源于滩涂围垦和农业用地,而减少的养殖用地主要转化为城镇用地。该研究客观、准确的反演了海岸带养殖用地的动态变化过程,对海岸带土地资源的可持续开发利用研究具有一定的理论和现实意义

A study on driving forces of land use change of Guangdong Province coastal zone and islands in recent 20a

在采用遥感和地理信息系统技术对1985年和2005年广东省海岛海岸带土地利用数据处理的基础上,对海岛海岸带土地利用变化及其驱动因子进行分析。分析表明:(1)各土地利用类型中,农用地面积变化最大,减少了2 048 km2,占研究区内1985年农用地总面积的31.4%;(2)研究区内共围填海370 km2,其中粤东、粤西和珠江口分别占12.6%,31.2%和56.2%;(3)珠海、广州、东莞、深圳、汕头和大亚湾等地城区面积扩张均在10倍以上,形成了环珠江口城市带;(4)近20 a来,研究区内整体土地利用综合变化率达24.2%,其中粤东、粤西和珠江口分别为15.6%,22.8%和28.2%。研究揭示了20 a间研究区内土地利用类型变化模式及其驱动力,为该区域土地资源规划、近岸海洋环境保护和深入研究奠定了基础,对其他海岸带及近海资源可持续利用具有借鉴意义。 &nbsp

Scaling of soil carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and C:N:P ratio patterns in peatlands of China

Inspired by the importance of Redfield-type C : N : P ratios in global soils, we looked for analogous patterns in peatlands and aimed at deciphering the potential affecting factors. By analyzing a suite of peatlands soil data (n = 1031), mean soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorous (TP) contents were 50.51%, 1.45% and 0.13%, respectively, while average C : N, C : P and N : P ratios were 26.72, 1186.00 and 46.58, respectively. C : N ratios showed smaller variations across different vegetation coverage and had less spatial heterogeneity than C : P and N:P ratios. No consistent C : N : P ratio, though with a general value of 1245 : 47 : 1, was found for entire peatland soils in China. The Northeast China, Tibet, Zoig Plateau and parts of Xinjiang had high soil SOC, TN, TP, and C:P ratio. Qinghai, parts of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the coast zones have low TP and N : P ratio. Significant differences for SOC, TN, TP, C : N, C : P and N : P ratios were observed across groups categorized by predominant vegetation. Moisture, temperature and precipitation all closely related to SOC, TN, TP and their pairwise ratios. The hydrothermal coefficient (RH), defined as annual average precipitation divided by temperature, positively and significantly related to C : N, C : P and N : P ratios, implying that ongoing climate change may prejudice peatlands as carbon sinks during the past 50 years in China

Warming in Spring and Summer Lessens Carbon Accumulation over the Past Century in Temperate Wetlands of Northeast China

Deciphering how climate change affects carbon accumulation rates (Carbon(sq)) is vital to understanding climate-carbon pool feedbacks on century scales. Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus accumulation rates were estimated by isotopic Pb-210 dating technology from 10 temperate wetlands in Northeast China. Soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus accumulated at average rates of 164.75 gC m(-2) yr.(-1), 5.61gN m(-2) yr.(-1), and 1.83gP m(-2) yr.(-1) during the past 153 years, respectively. Climate warming tended to grow increasing along the latitude and was faster in winter than in summer. Asymmetrical warming in spring and summer would lessen Carbon(sq) and oppose wetland functions as carbon sinks. High positive correlation coefficients between precipitation and Carbon(sq) meant that increasing precipitation facilitated Carbon(sq) greatly. Conversely, it was shown that warming in conjunction with subsequent drought was impairing Carbon(sq) in wetlands. There were strong positive feedbacks between climate warming and Carbon(sq) that could weaken wetlands functioning as carbon sinks in Northeast China