垂直激励圆柱形容器中的非线性表面波及其不稳定性研究

本文分别在理想流体和弱粘性流体中，利用奇异摄动理论的两时间变量展开法，研究了垂直强迫激励圆柱形容器中的单一表面驻波模式的形成、结构特，点及其随时间的演化规律。首先假设流体是无粘、不可压且运动是无旋的，在忽略了表面张力的影响下，得到了描述表面波运动的非线性振幅方程及二阶自由面位移的解析表达式。通过数值计算，在不同驱动频率下，从理论上得到了非常丰富且只有少数在鄂学全等（19％，1998）的实验中报道过的表面波流谱模式。尽管所建立的数学模型和鄂学全等（19％。1998）的实验显示有所差别，但计算的结果可以用来解释他们实验中所观察到的表面波模态。进而研究了特定模式的空间结构（如节点的个数及分布规律）及其随时间三维演化规律，从理论上验证了此类表面波具有驻波的特点，丰富了前人的研究成果。液体表面张力的影响在所研究问题的尺度（如容器的半径为几个厘米，驱动的振幅只有微米量级）范围内对表面波的模式选择也不可忽视。故本文通过边界条件引入了表面张力的影响，研究了表面波模式的性质，并和无表面张力时的情况进行了比较。结果表明，当外激励频率较小时，表面张力对表面波模式选择的影响较小；但当驱动频率较大时，表面张力对表面波的模式选择影响很大，反映出表面张力具有使得自由面回到平衡位置的作用，更加逼近问题的真实情况。由于实际的物理系统中会产生阻尼，而阻尼系数的确定对研究表面波的模式特点及其发展规律有非常重要的意义。本文在弱粘性流体中，把Navier-Stokes方程线性化，研究了圆柱形容器受垂直强迫激励的表面驻波运动。将整个流场分为外部势流区和内部的边界层流动，求得了粘性阻尼系数的解析表达式，并研究了阻尼系数随某些参数，如粘度、驱动振幅、液体的深度等的变化规律。将在弱粘性流体情况下得到的粘性阻尼系数加到无粘流体中所得的色散关系和非线性振幅方程中对其进行修正，修正的结果使得所研究的问题更进一步接近实验的真实情况。粘性阻尼和表面张力二者对模式选择的影响中，当波数较小，即表面波的模式较简单时，粘性阻尼的影响起主要作用；相反，当波数较大，即表面波的模式较复杂时，表面张力的影响起主要作用。最后将阻尼项加到理想流体中得到的非线性振幅方程中，对其进行修正。对新的修正方程进行了稳定性分析。结合相平面特点研究了解的性质，得到形成稳定表面波模式的必要条件，给出了不稳定区域。。研究结果表明对已形成的稳态模式来说，它对小的扰动是不会失稳的

Surface Wave Charicteristics in a Vertically Forced Circular Cylindrical Vessel

利用奇异摄动理论的两时间变量展开法,研究了垂直强迫激励圆柱形容器中的单一水表面驻波模式.假设流体是无粘、不可压且运动是无旋的,在忽略了表面张力的影响下,得到一个具有立方项以及底部驱动项影响的非线性振幅方程.对上述方程进行了数值计算,并研究了特定(3,4)模式的表面驻波结构和特性,如驻波的节点分布及随某些参数的变化规律等,从计算的等高线的图象来看,和以往的实验结果相当吻合

Surface wave structure in a vertically forced circular cylindrical vessel

本文利用奇异摄动理论的两时间变量展开法，研究了垂直强迫圆柱形容器中的单一水表面驻波模式。假设流体是无粘、不可压且运动是无旋的，在忽略了表面张力的影响下，得到一个具有立方项以及底部驱动项影响的非线性振幅方程。对上述方程进行了数值计算，研究了特定(9，6)模式的表面驻波结构和特性，如驻波的节点分布及驻波随某些参数的变化规律等，从计算的等高线的图象来看，和以往的实验结果相当吻合

ADVANCES IN STUDIES OF VERTICALLY FORCED SURFACE WAVES IN A RIGID LIQUID-FILLED CONTAINER: A REVIEW

受外激励的充液刚性容器中流体的波动问题有实际的工程应用背景.竖直方向的受周期性外激励的充液容器的自由表面波问题--Faraday波问题是流体力学三大不稳定性难题之一(另外两个不稳定性问题是RayleighBénard对流和Taylor-Couette流).本文综述了在理想流体中和弱粘性流体中Faraday波的研究成果;介绍了作者在底部垂直激励的圆柱形容器中流体表面波图谱的实验研究和理论分析的结果.最后提出有待进一步研究的问题

刚性充液容器内竖直激励表面波研究进展

受外激励的充液刚性容器中流体的波动问题有实际的工程应用背景．竖直方向的受周期性外激励的充液容器的自由表面波问题——Faraday波问题是流体力学三大不稳定性难题之一(另外两个不稳定性问题是Rayleigh-Bénard对流和Taylor-Couette流)．本文综述了在理想流体中和弱粘性流体中Fkaday波的研究成果；介绍了作者在底部垂直激励的圆柱形容器中流体表面波图谱的实验研究和理论分析的结果．最后提出有待进一步研究的问题

Capillary Effect on the Vertically Excited Surface Wave in a Circular Cylindrical Vessel

在竖直振动的圆柱形容器中，利用理想流体中两时间尺度奇摄动展开法，研究了包括表面张力影响的自由面单一表面驻波的运动．通过求解势流方程，获得了一个包含三阶非线性项、外激励及表面张力影响的非线性振幅方程．结果表明当驱动频率较低时，表面张力对表而波模式选择不重要；然而，当驱动频率较高时，表面张力的影响是不可忽略的．说明表面张力具有使得自由面返回到平衡位置的作用．另外，由于考虑了表面张力的影响，使得理论结果比无表面张力时更加接近先前的实验结果

Damping of Vertically Excited Surface Wave in a Weakly Viscous Fluid

在竖直振动的圆柱形容器中，将Navier-Stokes方程线性化，利用两时间尺度奇异摄动展开法研究了弱粘性流体的单一自由面驻波运动．整个流场被分为外部势流区和内部边界层区两部分，对两部分区域分别求解，得到包含阻尼项和外驱动影响的线性振幅方程．利用稳定性分析，得到形成稳定表面波的条件，给出了临界曲线．此外，还获得了阻尼系数的解析表达式．最后，将线性阻尼加到理想流体条件下所得到的色散关系中对其进行修正，理论结果证明修正后的驱动频率更加接近实验的结果．通过计算发现，当驱动的频率较低时，流体的粘性对表面波模式选择有重要影响，而表面张力的影响不明显；但当驱动频率较高时，流体的表面张力起主要作用，而流体的粘性影响甚小

Nonlinear Faraday Waves in a Parametrically Excited Circular Cylindrical Container

在柱坐标系下，通过奇异摄动理论的多尺度展开法求解势流方程，研究了垂直强迫激励圆柱形容器中的单一模式水表面驻波模式．假设流体是无粘、不可压且运动是无旋的，在忽略了表面张力的影响下，用两变量时间展开法得到一个具有立方项以及底部驱动项影响的非线性振幅方程．对上述方程进行了数值计算，计算的结果显示了在不同驱动振幅和驱动频率下，会激发不同自由水表面驻波模式，从等高线的图像来看，和以往的实验结果相当吻合

Instability Analysis of Nonlinear Surface Waves in a Circular Cylindrical Container Subjected to a Vertical Excitation

Singular perturbation theory of two-time scale expansions was developed both in inviscid and weak viscous fluids to investigate the motion of single surface standing wave in a liquid-filled circular cylindrical vessel, which is subject to a vertical periodical oscillation. Firstly, it is assumed that the fluid in the circular cylindrical vessel is inviscid, incompressible and the motion is irrotational, a nonlinear evolution equation of slowly varying complex amplitude, which incorporates cubic nonlinear term, external excitation and the influence of surface tension, was derived from solvability condition of high-order approximation. It shows that when forced frequency is low, the effect of surface tension on mode selection of surface wave is not important. However, when forced frequency is high, the influence of surface tension is significant, and can not be neglected. This proved that the surface tension has the function, which causes free surface returning to equilibrium location. Theoretical results much close to experimental results when the surface tension is considered. In fact, the damping will appear in actual physical system due to dissipation of viscosity of fluid. Based upon weakly viscous fluids assumption, the fluid field was divided into an outer potential flow region and an inner boundary layer region. A linear amplitude equation of slowly varying complex amplitude, which incorporates damping term and external excitation, was derived from linearized Navier-Stokes equation. The analytical expression of damping coefficient was determined and the relation between damping and other related parameters (such as viscosity, forced amplitude and depth of fluid) was presented. The nonlinear amplitude equation and a dispersion, which had been derived from the inviscid fluid approximation, were modified by adding linear damping. It was found that the modified results much reasonably close to experimental results. Moreover, the influence both of the surface tension and the weak viscosity on the mode formation was described by comparing theoretical and experimental results. The results show that when the forcing frequency is low, the viscosity of the fluid is prominent for the mode selection. However, when the forcing frequency is high, the surface tension of the fluid is prominent. Finally, instability of the surface wave is analyzed and properties of the solutions of the modified amplitude equation are determined together with phase-plane trajectories. A necessary condition of forming stable surface wave is obtained and unstable regions are illustrated. (c) 2005 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved

Vertically forced surface wave in weakly viscous fluids bounded in a circular cylindrical vessel

Two-time scale perturbation expansions were developed in weakly viscous fluids to investigate surface wave motions by linearizing the Navier-Stokes equation in a circular cylindrical vessel which is subject to a vertical oscillation. The fluid field was divided into an outer potential flow region and an inner boundary layer region. A linear amplitude equation of slowly varying complex amplitude, which incorporates a damping term and external excitation, was derived for the weakly viscid fluids. The condition for the appearance of stable surface waves was obtained and the critical curve was determined. In addition, an analytical expression for the damping coefficient was determined and the relationship between damping and other related parameters (such as viscosity, forced amplitude, forced frequency and the depth of fluid, etc.) was presented. Finally, the influence both of the surface tension and the weak viscosity on the mode formation was described by comparing theoretical and experimental results. The results show that when the forcing frequency is low, the viscosity of the fluid is prominent for the mode selection. However, when the forcing frequency is high, the surface tension of the fluid is prominent