4 research outputs found

    地膜- 秸秆双重覆盖模式下果园土壤养分含量研究

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    为了研究地膜- 秸秆双重覆盖模式对渭北旱塬果园土壤养分含量的影响, 对5 个不同处理( 地膜压玉 米秆双重覆盖、地膜压短麦秆双重覆盖、长麦秆压地膜双重覆盖、地膜压长麦秆双重覆盖和无覆盖清耕对照) 下果 园0  ̄ 1 0 0c m 土层深度范围内的土壤养分含量进行测定, 并统计了苹果产量。结果表明: 地膜- 秸秆双重覆盖模式 能显著提高果园土壤养分平均含量, 并提升养分有效性; 其中地膜压短麦秆双重覆盖处理综合效果最佳, 土壤有机 质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量均显著高于无覆盖对照( P < 0 . 05 ) , 提高比例分别为29 . 72 % 、8 . 8 2 % 、 1 9 . 35 % 、5 1 . 8 7 % 、22 . 66 % ; 碱解氮含量提高比例高于全氮, 说明该模式能够提高氮肥有效性。与无覆盖对照相比, 地膜- 秸秆双重覆盖模式对土壤剖面养分垂直变异影响不明显, 均呈现出随深度增加先降低后缓慢递增的趋势。 从提高土壤养分含量和提升其养分有效性的角度出发, 利用地膜压短麦秆双重覆盖模式进行果园土壤管理可以成 为实现渭北旱塬果园高产、优产、稳产的有效途径之一 。</p

    波状坡耕地拦挡淀排技术水沙调控效果

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    我国北方土石山区的地形特点是土层薄、坡长坡陡、波状起伏、以坡耕地水土流失为主。该区水土流失严重, 侵蚀沟道密集,对当地和下游造成严重的水土流失问题。为解决波状坡耕地水土流失的治理问题,针对波状坡耕 地形态特征和水土流失特点,设计波状坡耕地拦挡淀排技术,并将其布设于野外径流小区进行观测。结果表明: 1) 拦挡淀排技术对波状坡耕地削流和减蚀作用均有较好的效果,2 年平均的削流率和减蚀率分别为53. 72% 和 87. 21%,该技术对于各种类型的降雨均有较好的坡面削流效果,该措施的排水系统表现出可靠性和稳定性。2) 通 过对不同类型的降雨造成的径流量分析,拦挡淀排技术对波状坡耕地的径流调控率在降雨强度较大的情况下能发 挥出较好的效果。通过趋势线分析,对照小区的产沙量与降雨量间的直线斜率大于措施小区( 趋势线接近水平) , 说明拦挡淀排措施下不同降雨量产生的泥沙量都很小,拦挡淀排技术减沙效果显著。3) 通过对次降雨资料分析 表明,措施小区泥沙侵蚀量均远小于对照小区。波状坡耕地的年泥沙侵蚀量主要是由几场大暴雨引起的,拦挡淀 排技术在大暴雨情况下也有显著的减蚀效果。通过添加趋势线分析发现措施小区泥沙侵蚀量与降雨量,降雨强度 和I30 之间均没有良好的线性关系,措施小区泥沙侵蚀量受降雨量,降雨强度和I30 的共同影响。在雨季,措施小区 泥沙侵蚀量受地表粗糙度的影响较大。4) 从农作物产量来看,相同施肥条件下,拦挡淀排技术在干旱年比平水年 份对作物增产的作用更明显。因此,拦挡淀排技术能够有效防治波状坡耕地水土流失,可作为一项新型坡耕地水 土流失防治技术。</p

    Runoff and Sediment Yield Modeling on Spoilbank with Soil-stone Mixture

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    以前期概化的4类弃土堆置体为研究对象,采用室内人工模拟降雨试验,研究不同弃土堆置类型在4种不同降雨强度下的产流产沙特征。结果表明:各堆置类型弃土堆置体的径流率随降雨时间呈波动式增大,径流含沙量随降雨时间呈波动式减小,侵蚀速率随降雨时间呈稳定、波动2种变化趋势;平均径流率、平均侵蚀速率与降雨强度呈线性关系,平均径流含沙量与降雨强度呈指数函数关系,总产沙量与总径流量呈线性关系。坡顶平台有车辆碾压的倾倒堆置在降雨强度为2.0,2.5mm/min情况下,总产沙量和总径流量明显大于其它堆置类型Abstract:Four different types of spoilbanks were selected as research object based on previous research generalization,the runoff and sediment characteristics of different types under four different rainfall intensitieswas studied by indoor artificial rainfall simulation experiments.The results showed that the runoff rate of allspoilbanks increased in a fluctuating tendency with the rainfalls time,the sediment concentration of runoffdecreased in a fluctuating tendency with the rainfalls time,while the erosion rate appeared in two types withthe rainfalls time,which were stability and fluctuation.Rainfall intensity had a linear function relation withaverage runoff rate and average erosion rate.Average sediment concentration of runoff had an exponentialfunction relation with rainfall intensity,while total sediment yield and runoff volume accorded with linearcorrelation.Under the rainfall intensity with 2.0mm/min and 2.5mm/min,the total sediment and runoff ofthe type of rolling compaction by construction machinery at the top of slop were significantly higher than other spoilbanks

    Spatial-temporal distribution characteristics and risk assessment of heavy metals in a river flowing into the bay in a typical gold mining area

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    In order to study the pollution characteristics of heavy metals in Jiehe River in a typical gold mining area and propose targeted remediation measures,four sampling surveys were conducted from 2014 to 2016 to analyze the content,occurrence forms and spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of four heavy metals (Zn,As,Cd and Pb) in river water and surface sediments. The pollution levels and ecological risks of the surface sediments were evaluated using the Nemero comprehensive pollution index method and risk assessment coding method. Results showed that the concentrations of Zn,As and Cd of some sampling sites exceeded the national standards of surface water environment quality standard Ⅲ class limits,and Pb concentrations were lower than the limits. Three main pollution sources were identified along the Jiehe river,including the upstream chemical plant,the midstream Guoda Metallurgical Group tailings pond and the Jinchiling gold mine. The water quality of the Jiehe river has not been improved after the river regulation. Therefore,it is necessary to take corresponding measures to repair the three main pollution sources. The contents of Zn,As,Cd and Pb in the sediments were 218-5878,17-4177,1-67 and 35-974 mg·kg~(-1), respectively. The content of weak acid extracted form of Zn and Cd were above 60%,while the speciation distributions of As and Pb varies greatly along the river,mainly in reducible and residual forms. The results of pollution level and risk assessment showed that the sediments in the 11 sampling sites were all heavily polluted. Among the four heavy metals,Zn and Cd have the highest risk level, in 4 sample points Zn and Cd at an extremely high risk level,and As and Pb at a low risk level in most of the sample points. Therefore,pollution remediation should be focused on Zn and Cd pollution
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