An Ultrathin, Smooth, and Low‐Loss Al‐Doped Ag Film and Its Application as a Transparent Electrode in Organic Photovoltaics

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/108277/1/adma201306091.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/108277/2/adma201306091-sup-0001-S1.pd

COMPARISON OF LANDING MANEUVERS BETWEEN SKILLFUL AND UNSKILLFUL FEMALE VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS

This study was to investigate the effect of training to the landing techniques of volleyball spike. Six female subjects were separated into two groups according to their experiences in playing volleyball. Kinematics parameters during landing phase were collected by using three-dimensional motion analysis technique. Pedar insole system with 50 Hz sampling frequency was employed to measure the insole peak force and pressure distribution. Significant differences were found in maximum impact force and peak pressure between the skillful and unskillful group. Skillful group also demonstrated a greater range of motion in the knee, hip and ankle joint respectively. The finding shows that the skillful group, who participated in regular volleyball, demonstrated a greater ability in reducing ground reaction force during landing, thus leading to a protective mechanism in preventing injury

3D-printed artificial bone scaffolds: the design of materials, the incorporation of bioactive substances, and the integration of vascularized tissue flaps

With the advancements in tissue engineering, materials science, microsurgery, and the maturation of 3D printing technology, 3D-printed artificial bone scaffolds have provided an innovative strategy that integrates structural bionics and functional synergy for the treatment of large-segment bone defects. Compared with conventional bone grafting, this technology not only precisely reconstructs anatomical geometry and promotes cell migration through porous design, but also, via surface modification, enables accurate loading and controlled release of multiple bioactive factors, thereby actively regulating osteogenesis and angiogenesis, enhancing regeneration efficiency, and overcoming the traditional scaffold limitation of “mechanical support only, lack of biological guidance.” Nevertheless, repair of large-segment defects still faces challenges such as early ischemia, restricted nutrient diffusion, and slow callus formation. To address this bottleneck, the present study summarizes a “vascularization-osteogenesis integration” scaffold design paradigm that combines 3D printing with vascularized bone substitutes, realizing a “scaffold plus vascular-pedicled flap” co-implantation strategy; the vascular network of the flap traverses the entire scaffold, establishing a co-culture microenvironment of endothelial cells and mesenchymal stem cells and maximizing osteogenic and angiogenic efficiency. This review systematically analyzes the biomaterial properties of various 3D-printed bone scaffolds, strategies for loading bioactive factors, and cutting-edge progress in pedicled flap transplantation for bone and vessel regeneration, highlighting their distinctive advantages in vascularization and bioactivity modulation over traditional bone grafting, aiming to promote a paradigm shift from “structural replacement” to “biological function reconstruction” and provide both theoretical innovation and practical guidance for accelerating clinical translation of bone tissue engineering

Effect of Intermittent Deep Fat Frying Cycles on the Flavor and the Formation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Fried Chicken Drumsticks

This study investigated the impacts of different intermittent deep fat frying cycles on the physiochemical properties, flavor, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of fried chicken drumsticks. The results indicated that as frying cycles increased, the water content and L* value of fried chicken drumsticks decreased (P 0.05). The peroxide value (POV) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content of soybean oil increased with the increase in the number of frying cycles (P < 0.05). Eighty-one volatile compounds were detected in all samples, and the total PAHs level in fried chicken increased from 21.44 to 33.55 ng/g as the number of frying cycles increased one to five (P < 0.05). Additionally, correlation analysis indicated that the generation of PAHs had a positive correlation with fat oxidation and pyrazine levels but a negative correlation with hydrocarbon levels. The findings provide a theoretical basis for controlling PAHs formation and improving the quality properties of deep-fried meat products

Geriatric nutritional risk index and body composition dictate the prognosis of elderly patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Background and aimsMalnutrition is a well-recognized predictor of poor prognosis in malignancies. Recent studies suggest that the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) is a more accurate determinant of prognosis in elderly patients than conventional body mass index (BMI). This study aimed to evaluate the GNRI and body composition parameters in elderly patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and assess their prognostic impact on long-term outcomes.MethodsA total of 157 elderly ICC patients (aged ≥65 years) who underwent radical resection between 2009 and 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Skeletal muscle index (SMI), muscle attenuation (MA), visceral adipose tissue index (VATI), subcutaneous adipose tissue index (SATI), and visceral-to-subcutaneous fat ratio (VSR) were quantified using computed tomography. Prognostic analyses were conducted using the Kaplan–Meier method, with adjustments using inverse probability weighting. A nomogram based on multivariate Cox regression was constructed and internally validated, comparing its prognostic accuracy with the TNM staging system.ResultsAmong the body composition parameters, low SMI (sarcopenia, 56.1%), high VSR (visceral adiposity, 54.8%), and low MA (intramuscular fat deposition, 50.3%) were significantly associated with overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) (all p &lt; 0.05). Low GNRI was also a strong predictor of poor prognosis (p &lt; 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified low GNRI (p = 0.009), sarcopenia (p = 0.020), visceral adiposity (p = 0.033), and intramuscular fat deposition (p = 0.036) as independent prognostic factors for OS and RFS. The nomogram, incorporating GNRI, SMI, VSR, MA, microvascular invasion (MVI), CA19-9 levels, and lymph node invasion, demonstrated superior prognostic performance compared to the TNM stage, with a C-index of 0.734 (OS) and 0.704 (RFS) and an AUC of 0.809 (OS) and 0.815 (RFS).ConclusionGNRI, sarcopenia, IMF deposition, and visceral adiposity independently predict mortality and tumor recurrence in elderly ICC patients. Body composition is a major determinant of prognosis in patients with ICC. Our nomogram based on body composition reveals superior prognostic efficacy over TNM stages

Decoding Surgical Skill: An Objective and Efficient Algorithm for Surgical Skill Classification Based on Surgical Gesture Features -Experimental Studies

BACKGROUND: Various surgical skills lead to differences in patient outcomes and identifying poorly skilled surgeons with constructive feedback contributes to surgical quality improvement. The aim of the study was to develop an algorithm for evaluating surgical skills in laparoscopic cholecystectomy based on the features of elementary functional surgical gestures (Surgestures). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-five laparoscopic cholecystectomy videos were collected from 33 surgeons in five hospitals. The phase of mobilization hepatocystic triangle and gallbladder dissection from the liver bed of each video were annotated with 14 Surgestures. The videos were grouped into competent and incompetent based on the quantiles of modified global operative assessment of laparoscopic skills (mGOALS). Surgeon-related information, clinical data, and intraoperative events were analyzed. Sixty-three Surgesture features were extracted to develop the surgical skill classification algorithm. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the classification and the top features were evaluated. RESULTS: Correlation analysis revealed that most perioperative factors had no significant correlation with mGOALS scores. The incompetent group has a higher probability of cholecystic vascular injury compared to the competent group (30.8 vs 6.1%, P =0.004). The competent group demonstrated fewer inefficient Surgestures, lower shift frequency, and a larger dissection-exposure ratio of Surgestures during the procedure. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the classification algorithm achieved 0.866. Different Surgesture features contributed variably to overall performance and specific skill items. CONCLUSION: The computer algorithm accurately classified surgeons with different skill levels using objective Surgesture features, adding insight into designing automatic laparoscopic surgical skill assessment tools with technical feedback

An Ultrathin, Smooth, and Low‐Loss Al‐Doped Ag Film and Its Application as a Transparent Electrode in Organic Photovoltaics

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/108277/1/adma201306091.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/108277/2/adma201306091-sup-0001-S1.pd