ノシメマダラメイガのProteaseに及ぼすイネ種子糊粉層Trypsin Inhibitorの影響

イネ種子(Orayza sativa L.cv. Nihonbarre)中のtrypsin inbibitor(TI)の貯穀害虫であるノシメマダラメイガの腸内proteaseへの影響の検討を行った。試料には、5齢の幼虫全体を用い、リン酸ナトリウム緩衝液pH7.0でホモジナイズした上清を酵素液とした。イネ種子由来TIがtrypsinを約35%阻害するのと同じタンパク質量を酵素反応系に添加したところ、害虫酵素活性はTIによって約10%阻害され、メイガの消化液はserine protease単独ではないと考えられたため、幼虫酵素液のpHによる影響を検討した。活性のピークはpH3、6および9.5の3ケ所に認められ、どの群のproteaseかを特定することができなかった。次に各クラスを代表するprotease inhibitor存在下での幼虫酵素活性への影響を検討したところ、aspartic protease inhibitorで90%、cysteine protease inhibitorで10-30%活性が低下したが、metallo protease inhibitorでは活性は維持されたままであった。また、CaseinおよびBSAを基質に用い、pH3、6、8および9.5のbuffer中で一晩幼虫酵素液とともに反応させた。得られたペプチド断片を逆相HPLCにより分画し、それぞれの画分についてアミノ酸配列分析を行った結果と、既知のBSAアミノ酸配列から切断部位を推定した。切断部位のうち、pH3、6ではaspartic proteaseの反応部位と、pH8、9.5ではaspartic protease、cysteine protease、serine proteaseの反応部位と一致した。以上のことから、メイガ幼虫酵素液中には、aspartic proteaseが最も多く存在し、反対にmetallo proteaseは存在しないと考えられた。Caseinolytic activities in homogenates from the indian-mealmoth, P.interpunctella, were inhibited about 10% by trypsin inhibitor from rice aleurone, described earlier, which has a same dose of the ability to inhibit about 35% the activity of trypsin. Secondary, proteolytic activity in the extracts of the P.interpunctella decreased in the presence of commercially available protease inhibitors of each classes! Decreased 90% by aspartic protease inhibitor and 10 to 30% in cysteine protease inhibitor, however, was not inhibited by metallo protease inhibitor. Furthermore, the optimum pH\u27s of the protease of P.interpunctella were detected at pH 3,6 and 9.5. These results suggested that the digestive enzymes of the noxious insect may be consisted of a few classes of proteases. Casein or bovine serum albumin was digested by protease in four given pH, pH 3, 6, 8 and 9.5, respectively. Amino acid sequencis of the peptide fractions obtained from the digests by high-performance liquid chromatography, were analyzed. We considered that N-terminal amino acid of peptides fractionated were reactive sites of the midgut protease. From these results, it was confirmed that the cleaved sites were coincided with those of aspartic protease at pH 3 and 6 and with those of aspartic, cysteine and serine protease at pH 8 and 9.5. Consequently, the proportion of aspartic protease in the protease of P.interpunctella were high level, but metallo protease was not detected

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We confirmed the bibliographic notes of literature on "home economics, home life and history of life", "economics of home", "family, home and marriage" and "home science" before World War II. The literature were picked up from "KASEIGAKU-SEIRITSU-SHI" written by TUNEMI and 25 books on philosophy of home economics. The results were as follows : (1) 82%, 314 literature of 382 objects were confirmed. (2) 91% of 382 objects had some unsatisfactory or mistaken notes. 85% of publishers, 33% of published year, 24% of title and 5% of editors or authors, had the unsatisfatory or mistaken notes. (3) 189 literature which had the unsatisfactory or mistaken notes except publishers only, were listed with supplied or revised

外国の教育方法を日本に導入するときの課題と検討 (その1)

Since the Meiji era, various educational methods from overseas have been introduced to Japan, implemented, and "adapted" to the country\u27s educational environment. In this study, we examined possible issues that could arise when introducing educational methods developed in different cultures to our country. The purpose of this paper is to find the factors that cause adaptation or changes to the educational methods developed overseas during the localizing process in Japan. In our country, more diversity in education methods and content is called for as well as a quantitative increase in childhood education, but practicing educators seek for improvement in the qualitative side of education. In this study, we aim to present the findings to the educators in Japan for further meaningful consideration as we feel that a wide variety of viewpoints are possible when studying education methods from overseas based on different cultures and ideas. This study, a reconstruction of the symposium from the 65th meeting of the Japan Society of Research on Early Childhood Care and Education, also aims to set a new perspective for further research of this theme. This study comprises of three parts: localization of the Froebel Gifts and children\u27s plays, Italian society in which Montessori education is widespread and the current situation in Japan, and the differences in attitude between the government or management of childcare facilities that introduce foreign educational methods and practicing nursery teachers. We attempt,in this study, to consider the issues around the localization of educational methods from overseas as a matter that affects not only the practicing nursery teachers but the education of nursery teachers, by presenting a wide variety of opinions and ideas from members of the Japan Society of Research on Early Childhood Care and Education based on their own research over many years