Effects of Various Substances on the Anhydrous Aluminum Chloride or Allied Catalyst III : Effects of Various Metals and Inorganic Salts on the Aluminum Chloride for the Alkylation of Benzene

In the preceding papers of this series, it was shown that considerable results were obtained by the addition of many sorts of metals or inorganic salts to the AlCl_3 or FeCl_3 as the catalyst for the reaction of ketone-synthesis and the polymerization of olefins respectively. Now the similar studies on the alkylatien of benzene with cetyl chloride, stearyl chloride or dodecene are carried out using AlCl_3 catalyst. The results obtained are given in the following summary. (I) Many sorts of metals and inorganic salts gave the positive effects, but others of these substance gave the negative effects. (II) The quantities of various substance required to obtain the enhanced effect were checked to some extent for respective reaction. (III) The se results roughly resembled with the outline for the effect of various metals and inorganic salts in the preceding reports.無水塩化アルミニウム系触媒即ち無水塩化アルミニウムおよび無水塩化鉄触媒に各種の金属や無機複類などを添加した効果については，既にケトン合成反応およびオレフイン重合反応について行ってその結果として，ケトン合成反応についてはケトンの収率を10%以上増加する添加物が相当数ある事が明かになり，オレフイン重合反応に就いては重合生成物の平均分子量を増加すると云う正効果を生ずる添加物が可成りある事が認められている。本報に於ては2種の塩化アルキルと1種のオレフインによるベンゼンのアルキル化の反応を選んで類似の研究を行ったものである

Experimental analysis of transfer rate of solute through the double-diffusive interface

Double-diffusive convection in a solutially stratified fluid of two-layer destabilized by lateral heating and cooling was studied experimentally. Visualizations of temperature and flow fields using encapsulated liquid crystals, polystyrene particles and dye were performed to observe the flow structure near the boundary of the two layers and to investigate the transport mechanism of solute. Local concentrations were also measured at the center of each layers to calculate the transfer rate of solute from the lower layer to the upper one.The transfer rate of solute was found to be proportional to the thermal Rayleigh number.近年の産業界における先端技術，高度技術の目覚ましい発展に対して，アモルファス合金や合金単結品等，金属系機能性材料は非常に大きな貢献を果たしている。一般に金属材料は融液の凝固を経て製造されるが，融液が複数の成分を含む場合には固i夜界面上で溶質の排除が起こるため，液相において温度差による対流の他に濃度差による対流が並立する。これらの相互作用は二重拡散対流と呼ばれる複雑な対流状態を形成し，場合によって流体は多重成層セル構造をとる。二重拡散現象は材料の機能性に大きく影響を及ぼす結晶のマクロ偏析を促進させると言われているが，結晶成長と二重拡散の相互関係は充分に解明されていないのが現状である。また以前にも増して材料に要求される機能が高度化，多様化しているのに伴い，結晶成長過程を精密に制御する技術の開発が重要な課題となっている。そのためには液層内で起こっている二重拡散対流現象を充分に解明しておくことが重要と考えられる。この様な背景から，筆者らは凝固過程に及ぼす二重拡散対流の影響を解明するにあたり，二重拡散対流挙動の詳細な把握が必要と考え，炭酸ナトリウム水溶液の2層の階段状濃度勾配に水平温度勾配を与えたときに発生する凝面を伴わない二重拡散対流を対象に温度場と流れ場の可視化実験を行い，温度差，濃度差，アスペクト比等の実験条件がこの現象に及ぼす影響を明らかにした。一方，2層系の二重拡散対流の研究は既に数多く行われているが，いずれにおいても実験初期に界面付近において形成される中間層については特に注目しておらず，従ってその形成過程等の詳細はほとんど明らかにされていない。また中間層の形成に限らず界面近傍での移動現象と界面を通しての物質の移動速度とを結び付けた二重拡散対流の物質移動機構の検討も十分なされていない。そこで本研究では特に界面近傍の流れに注目した可視化実験と溶液注出法による濃度測定を行い，2層間に形成される二重拡散界面を通しての物質移動機構及びその速度に関する検討を行った

Primary tumor of the bladder diverticulum in female

Primary tumor of the bladder diverticulum was found in a 72-year-old female who was seen with complaints of gross hematuria, cloudy urine and fever. Histopathologically the tumor revealed adenoacanthoma. It was the first in our country

Carcinomatous Meningitis from Prostate Cancer Diagnosedby Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytology and Magnetic Resonance Image : A Case Report and Review of the Literature

A 55-year-old man was treated with 10 courses of intermittent Paclitaxel, estramustine phosphate sodium and carboplatin (PEC) chemotherapy for hormone-refractory prostate cancer. He was admitted to our department with a complaint of severe headache 2 years after initiating chemotherapy. Enhanced computed tomography (CT) of the brain demonstrated no obvious lesion, but a brain dynamic magnetic resonance image (MRI) showed a diffusely enhanced lesion on the surface of the brain. Cerebrospinal fluid cytology revealed adenocarcinoma cells ; and therefore it was diagnosed as carcinomatous meningitis metastasized from prostate cancer. After glycerin and betamethasone were used to control brain edema, the patient's headache temporarily improved. However, he died on the 36th day after admission in the natural course of the disease after he and his family selected not to undertake further active treatment. To our knowledge, only 6 cases of carcinomatous meningitis associated with prostate cancer have been reported in Japan. It is generally difficult to diagnose carcinomatous meningitis because the symptoms vary considerably. Once diagnosed, active treatment is not undertaken in most cases since the patient cannot tolerate further treatment. The prognoses for patients with advanced prostate cancer and metastatic carcinomatous meningitis are generally quite poor. Early diagnosis and prompt initiation of therapy could improve the quality of life for such patients. In this case study, MRI was superior to CT for imaging a metastatic carcinomatous meningitis lesion

透析室の震災対策について 自院での透析療法の維持を主眼に置いた対策

Article長野県透析研究会誌 34(1): 40-42(2011)journal articl