20 research outputs found

    Study on Non-equilibrium Plasma Assisted Decomposition and Combustion of ADN-based propellant by Optical Diagnosis

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    作为一种新型的绿色高能液体推进剂,二硝酰胺铵(ADN)以其密度比冲高燃速可调等优势,成为了先进空间化学推进技术的一个热门发展方向。目前ADN基空间发动机已经取得了一定的在轨飞行经历,在推动其向更大推力量级发展、满足更严格的性能指标要求的过程中,迫切需要进一步的提高推力器的性能、拓展推力器的工作模式。随着近年来等离子体助燃领域的快速发展,逐渐形成了较为公认的助燃机理,即由局部压力以及温度升高、丰富的激发态粒子、流场电场的混合所引起的热效应、动力学特性以及输运特性的增强从而改善燃烧效果,将等离子体应用至高能离子液体推进剂领域内有望成为解决上述问题的重要途径。 本工作综合运用了多种光学诊断方式,聚焦于等离子体与ADN基推进剂的相互作用问题,系统的研究了由激光烧蚀ADN基推进剂产生的等离子体特性,对电子温度、电子密度进行了初步探究;通过引入氩气(Ar)载气解耦了等离子体与ADN基推进剂相互作用的输运特性,以混合比为参数讨论了推进剂与载气的混合程度,建立了原子谱线发射强度比与混合比之间的线性关系,实现了混合比的实时、原位测量;提出适用于辅助液体推进剂分解的等离子体应用准则,进一步优化了其产生方式,将等离子体源从激光转变为可持续性能量输入的交流电源,将所发展的定量测量方式应用于放电等离子体中,从等离子体参数、燃烧稳定性以及热解产物等方面证实了等离子体对于推进剂分解的促进作用。 首先,对激光烧蚀ADN基液体推进剂产生的等离子体特性进行了初步研究。基于发射光谱(OES)获取了等离子体的演化过程,通过玻尔兹曼斜线法和斯塔克展宽法分别确定了电子温度和电子密度。在液体推进剂环境中产生的电子弛豫时间为纳秒量级,而促进推进剂的分解要求时间尺度更长的等离子体能量输入,随后对等离子体产生方式进行了优化。 之后,使用交流电源作为等离子体源,在不同的输入功率以及气压工况下,确定了反常辉光放电、丝状放电以及电弧放电三种放电模态,综合基于OES得到的具有时空分辨特性的电子参数,以及基于平面激光诱导荧光(PLIF)获得的亚稳态原子空间分布信息,探讨了模态转换过程中发挥主导作用的不稳定性机制。对比了Ar、Ar与常温推进剂、Ar与预热推进剂三种放电介质的光谱图,常温工况下的放电介质光谱图中出现了H,OH谱线,预热工况下的放电介质在等离子体作用下出现了C,N2,N2+,C2,NH,CH和CN等多种原子、离子、自由基的谱线,除了从光谱角度的直观说明外,预热工况下大幅减小的电子密度也侧面验证了等离子体对于推进剂分解的促进作用。 同时,为了能够解耦等离子体的输运机制,采用推进剂与载气的混合比表征混合的均匀程度,基于激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)诊断方式,评估了激光能量对于解离阈值的影响,在不同气压工况下建立了H/Ar、O/Ar、N/Ar三种原子谱线发射强度比与混合比之间的线性关系,并通过谱线半高宽确定当地压力,比较了三种发射强度比的灵敏度,实现了推进剂在载气环境中混合比的原位、实时测量。验证了所构建的混合比测量方案的技术可行性,该方案具有一定的普适性,可扩展至更大的气压工况以及混合比范围内,使得燃烧室内混合比的诊断成为可能,对于以提高混合均匀度为指标的推力器设计具有指导意义。 最后,参考星用正样的小推力量级ADN基发动机的结构、尺寸,设计了等离子体辅助型ADN基推力器,搭建了由高速相机、近红外光谱仪和中红外光谱仪组成的光学诊断系统。考虑到ADN基推进剂较为特殊的分解与燃烧进程,为了对比放电等离子体对于推进剂分解、燃烧反应进程的影响选取了NH3、H2O、CO2三种热解和燃烧产物进行辐射测量。发现同等工况在放电等离子体的作用下,推进剂第一步热解产生的NH3辐射强度减弱而H2O辐射强度增强,同时作为完全燃烧产物的CO2辐射强度大幅提高,得出了放电等离子体可以加快推进剂分解、燃烧进程的结论。同时基于本征正交分解(POD)的方法对燃烧室内的火焰结构进行分析,发现放电等离子体的存在减少了燃烧过程中的高频脉动,此外其加快了推进剂的反应速率,在燃烧室上游观察到了更加明显的火焰结构,减少了火焰向下游喷管处的移动。</p

    Investigation on plasma enhanced decomposition of ammonium dinitramide (ADN) based propellant with optical diagnosis

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    Plasma-enhanced decomposition is a promising method to achieve reliable ignition and better thruster performance with an ADN-based propellant. High-speed imaging and optical emission spectroscopy are used to characterize the discharge plasma produced from ADN-based propellant vapor and argon carrier gas within parallel planes. Discharge regimes are independently controlled by varying working parameters. The transition from abnormal glow discharge (AGD) to filamentary discharge (FD) is identified from voltage-current characteristics and sudden changes in excitation electron temperature (Te-exc) and electron density (Ne) under a pressure of 0.2-10 kPa. Instabilities develop because there are more freedom degrees and higher collision probabilities after ADN-based propellant vapor is added. The product of Te-exc and Ne shows a higher energy transfer efficiency from input power to vapor in the FD regime. Water molecules increase the net dissociative attachment rate and effectively quench Ne. Although preheated vapor (as the discharge medium) has a much lower Ne, more radicals appear such as OH, NH, CH, CN, N2, N2+, and C2, which promote chemical interactions in an electric field and increase the probability of successful ignition. This can be attributed to thermalization due to an increase in the translational kinetic energy and rotational excitation, which has an important impact on chemical reaction kinetics. Therefore, preheating is verified as critical for improving the ignition and performance of a plasma-assisted ADN-based thruster

    ADN基液体推进剂激光诱导等离子体的光谱研究

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    ADN(二硝酰胺铵)基单组元液体推进剂是一种新兴的、可替代肼的绿色推进剂,发展非接触式手段、实时分析元素含量对于研究ADN基推力器的燃烧诊断十分重要.通过建立绝对辐射光谱和高分辨率光谱测量系统,优化了实验参数,研究了由ADN-甲醇-水组成推进剂的激光诱导击穿光谱,分析了光谱中元素H, N, O的时间演化特性,基于Boltzmann斜线法和Stark效应法分别得到了激光诱导产生等离子体的电子温度和电子密度的时间演化曲线,推进剂的初始电子温度为68 000 K,电子密度为1.6×10~(19) cm~(-3),利用e指数拟合得到相应的弛豫时间分别为270 ns和90 ns,该实验条件下未发现ADN基推进剂成功点火现象

    一种等离子体点火实验装置及方法

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    一种等离子体点火实验装置及方法-王方仪、张少华、郭大

    Optical Diagnostics of Swirling Flame by Simultaneous Planar Laser-induced Fluorescence and High-speed Chemiluminescence Imaging of OH Radical

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    Swirl-stabilized flame is commonly used in gas turbine combustor. Under the operation conditions of interests, such flame is in turbulent regime, exhibiting quasi-periodic dynamic characteristics with one or multiple oscillation modes. We have reported a strategy to investigate the dynamics of the flame. The measurement of the swirling flame in a gas turbine model combustor is carried out by simultaneous planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) and high-speed chemiluminescence (CL) imaging of OH radical, as the former technique is capable of providing highly resolved transient structure of the reaction zone of the flame while the latter is a perfect indicator of the dynamic motion of the flame. The proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method was applied to both sets of data to unveil the main dynamics mode of both observations. The evolution of the OH* CL mode coefficients provided the information of the oscillation frequency and the momentum of the flame when the PLIF image is taken. Furthermore, the connection of the OH PLIF and OH* CL measurements were investigated by extended proper orthogonal decomposition (EPOD) method. The EPOD analysis showed a strong correlation between the reaction zone at the PLIF plane and the total OH* CL of the flame, enabling the reconstruction of the evolution of the reaction zone. By the application of the strategy above, combustor was tested under different equivalent ratio, and the dynamics of the flame were compared

    NO激光诱导荧光对高焓气流温度的测量

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    由于真实气体效应,高超声速流场的研究仍然依赖于大量的实验.流场温度是实验的重要参数,目前只能通过具有非入侵性质的光学测量手段获得,然而,由于多方面的难题,鲜有对高焓流场参数测量的报道.文章介绍了利用激光诱导荧光(laser-induced fluorescence, LIF)技术对JF-10氢氧爆轰激波风洞产生的高焓实验气流温度的测量工作.搭建了用于脉冲式风洞的LIF测量系统,使用了NO分子作为荧光组分.因为高焓流场实验条件苛刻,本实验对传统的激光设置进行了调整,使用了平行于拍摄方向的竖直平面激光激发NO,使荧光信号更为集中,获得了清晰的LIF图像.利用双线测温法(two-line thermometry, TLT)测量高焓自由流中NO分子的转动温度,从而确定气流的平转温度.测量结果表明, JF-10实验气流的平转温度为600 K
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