面向区域目标观测的多星自主协同任务规划方法

针对现有多星自主任务规划方法面对区域目标观测任务时缺乏整体性，从而造成大量观测资源的浪费问题，提出了一种面向区域目标观测的多星自主协同任务规划方法。首先，建立面向区域目标的多星协同观测任务规划模型，并设计基于合同网的多星自主协同规划框架。其次，根据该协同框架设计基于动态定价的招标机制、投标机制和评标机制，从而实现区域目标任务的多星自主协同规划。最后，仿真实验证明，与传统基于单轮招标合同网以及基于固定标价合同网的多星协同规划方法相比，所提方法的任务收益分别提升了60.40%与29.07%

西安市PM_(2.5)和碳气溶胶质量浓度变化特征研究

为了探讨西安市PM_(2.5)和碳气溶胶质量浓度变化特征,从2012年3月~2013年2月对西安市大气 PM_(2.5)进行了为期一年的观测,并分析了有机碳(OC)和元素碳(EC)的质量浓度变化特征.结果显示,西安市2012年3月~2013年2月日均 PM_(2.5)质量浓度变化幅度为26.9 ~505.1 &mu;g/m~3, PM_(2.5)年平均质量浓度为114.0&plusmn;86.6 &mu;g/m~3,是中国PM_(2.5)空气质量标准(GB 3095-2012)年平均二级标准值(35 &mu;g/m~3)的3.3倍.PM_(2.5)季节变化特征为冬季 &gt; 秋季 &gt; 春季 &gt; 夏季.OC 和EC 年平均浓度值为21.44&plusmn;15.76 &mu;g/m~3和6.16&plusmn;3.38 &mu;g/m~3,OC/EC 年平均值为3.37&plusmn;0.95,变化范围为1.80~5.84,表明有二次有机碳气溶胶的存在.主成分分析法表明,西安市大气中的碳气溶胶主要来自汽油车和柴油车尾气、二次碳气溶胶以及生物质燃烧.</p

陕西洛川L_1~S_4黄土-古土壤湿陷性及其成因研究

利用工程压缩实验方法,对陕西洛川坡头黄土剖面L_1黄土至S_4古土壤进行了湿陷性的测定。结果表明, 2kg压力下L_1~S_4湿陷系数变化在0.002~0.091之间,S_2古土壤及其以上层位都具有湿陷性,湿陷性土层分布深度为20m。L_1和L_2黄土分别为强湿陷性和中等湿陷,湿陷系数分别为0. 071和0. 056;S_1古土壤上部和S_2古土壤分别为弱湿陷和中等湿陷,湿陷系数平均分别为0.018和0.031。3kg压力下L4黄土及其以上层位都具有湿陷性,分布深度达到了28.6m。在L_4黄土和其之上的层位都具有不同程度的自重湿陷性。在洛川坡头剖面L_3黄土之下的土层已不具有湿陷性,表明导致黄土湿陷的不稳定的土壤结构性孔隙在该层黄土及其以下已经受到了重力作用的破坏。洛川剖面在0~20m左右深度范围黄土湿陷系数、孔隙度和饱和度在垂向上随黄土与古土壤的交替呈波动变化规律,黄土层的湿陷性比古土壤湿陷性强,经受成壤作用弱的S_2古土壤比经受成壤强的S_1古土壤湿陷强,这是当时的冰期与间冰期成壤作用强弱不同造成的,也表明第四纪气候变化是导致黄土剖面湿陷性强弱变化、饱和度及孔隙度变化的主要原因,同时表明第四纪气候变化理论研究成果在黄土工程性质、工程性质产生原因和垂向变化规律研究方面具有重要应用价值。孔隙度与湿陷系数之间呈指数函数正相关关系,饱和度与湿陷系数之间呈指数函数负相关关系。孔隙度与饱和度具有指示黄土湿陷性强弱的作用。</p

沙尘暴期西安大气颗粒物化学组成及吸湿性能小时变化特征

于 2013 年 3 月 9&mdash;12 日沙尘暴时期，在西安市运用大流量大气采样器进行每小时 1 次 TSP 样品采集，对其进行有机碳（OC） 、元素碳（EC） 、无机离子及吸湿性能分析，同时利用 ECOTECH 公司 EC 系列气体监测仪，在线监测 NOx、 SO2 及 O3 等污染气体，研究沙尘暴期间 城市大气颗粒物化学演化特征，探讨硫酸盐、硝酸盐、铵盐及钠盐等主要无机盐的来源、形成 机制及其对颗粒物吸湿性能的影响。结果显示：此次沙尘暴期间有两次沙尘峰值过境西安 , TSP 小时浓度最高分别达到 7527 &mu;g&middot;m&minus;3 和 3200 &mu;g&middot;m&minus;3，同期 SO42&minus; 分别为 180 &mu;g&middot;m&minus;3 和 38 &mu;g&middot;m&minus;3。 沙尘暴初入西安时 NO3&minus; 与 NH4+ 浓度较低，其后，二者以 1:1 的摩尔比同步渐增，至沙尘过后第 48 小时（即非沙尘期）达最大值（分别为 34 &mu;g&middot;m&minus;3 和 8.7 &mu;g&middot;m&minus;3）。整个观测期间， SO42&minus; 均与 Ca2+、 Na+ 等强线性相关，沙尘期 SO42&minus;、 Cl&minus; 与 Na+ 的相关系数大于 0.95， NH4+ 与 NO3&minus; 的相关 系数沙尘期为 0.78。除 O3 外， CO、 NOx、 SO2 等污染气体的浓度变化趋势均是在沙尘过境后逐 渐升高。在沙尘期间 Na+ 离子主要是以 NaCl 和 Na2SO4 的形式存在。而在整个观测期， SO42&minus; 和 Cl&minus; 主要以 NaCl、 Na2SO4 和 CaSO4 的形式存在，其来源是戈壁上的干涸湖泊中的岩盐、芒硝、 石膏和钙芒硝等矿物；但 NH4+ 和 NO3&minus; 主要来源于沙尘颗粒表面的非均相反应，并以 NH4NO3 的形式存在。由于 TSP 样品水溶性组分中大部分是无机离子，因此样品水溶性组分显示出了一 定的吸湿性，整个观测期其吸湿增长因子变化范围为 1.27~1.44。</p

中链甘油三酯对高蔗糖饮食豚鼠在负透镜诱导下近视的保护作用Preventive effect of medium-chain triacylglycerol against negative lens-induced myopia in guinea pigs with high sucrose diet

为通过营养学手段防控近视提供参考，研究了中链甘油三酯对高蔗糖饮食豚鼠近视的保护作用。将3周龄豚鼠随机分为中链甘油三酯组（MCT组）、长链甘油三酯组（LCT组）、高蔗糖组（SD组）、正常膳食组（CD组）和对照组（CON组），前三组分别饲喂MCT+高蔗糖饲料、棕榈油+高蔗糖饲料、高蔗糖饲料，CD组和CON组饲喂正常饲料。喂养4周后，分析其屈光度及胰岛素抵抗情况。随后对除对照组外各组豚鼠右眼以负透镜诱导近视造模，左眼作为自身对照。造模5周后测定各组豚鼠的双眼屈光度、胰岛素抵抗水平和血甘油三酯水平。结果表明：高蔗糖饮食各组豚鼠均在4周后出现胰岛素抵抗情况，受负透镜诱导各组豚鼠实验眼在诱导5周后均出现高度近视；高蔗糖饮食各组豚鼠的胰岛素抵抗水平及血甘油三酯水平均高于对照组；高蔗糖饮食各组豚鼠实验眼的近视程度与正常膳食组有显著性差异；MCT组较LCT组和SD组，在胰岛素抵抗水平、右眼受负透镜诱导的近视程度及血甘油三酯水平方面均较低。综上，高蔗糖饮食会使豚鼠产生胰岛素抵抗，加剧负透镜诱导对豚鼠近视性屈光不正的影响，而MCT对高蔗糖饮食加剧的豚鼠受负透镜诱导下的近视有保护作用。In order to provide a reference for the prevention and control of myopia through nutritional means, the protective effect of medium-chain triacylglycerol (MCT) on myopia in guinea pigs with high sucrose diet was investigated. Three-week-old guinea pigs were randomly divided into MCT group, long-chain triacylglycerol (LCT) group, high sucrose (SD) group, normal diet (CD) group and control(CON) group.The first three groups fed with MCT plus high-sucrose feed, olive oil plus high-sucrose feed, simple high-sucrose feed respectively, and the CD and CON groups fed with common feed. After four weeks of feeding, the development of diopters and insulin resistance were analyzed. In the following five weeks, myopia was induced by negative lens in the right eye of each group except the CON group, and the left eye was used as its own control. After five weeks, the changes of binocular diopter and insulin resistance levels of guinea pigs in each group were measured, and the blood triglyceride levels of guinea pigs in each group were also measured. The results showed that all groups on a high-sucrose diet developed insulin resistance after four weeks, and all eyes induced by negative lenses developed high myopia after five weeks of induction. The insulin resistance and blood triglyceride levels were higher in the high-sucrose diet group than in the CON group. The diopter of the experimental eye in the high-sucrose diet group was significantly different from that in the CD group. Compared with the LCT group and SD group, the MCT group was more protected on insulin resistance, negative lens-induced myopia in the right eye, and blood triglyceride levels. In conclusion, a diet with high sucrose can cause insulin resistance in guinea pigs and exacerbate the effect of negative lens induction myopic refractive error in guinea pigs. MCT has a protective effect on lens-induced myopia in guinea pigs exacerbated by high-sucrose diet

生育酚氧化产物生育酚醌的研究进展Progress on tocopherol quinones：crucial oxidized products of tocopherols

植物油脂中生育酚含量较为丰富。加热是油脂食用的主要方式（微波、烘箱和煎炸等过程）之一，在此过程中油脂会发生氧化，而生育酚作为抗氧化剂参与氧化进程，生成生育酚醌（TQ），TQ是一类潜在的食品安全危害因子。为食品科研人员科学认识、评价TQ，归纳总结了TQ的检测方法、在食品加工中的生成规律影响因素、细胞毒性及抗氧化活性方面的研究，提出了目前TQ研究存在的问题，并对今后的研究重点作了展望。关于TQ的后续研究应集中于TQ单体的定量检测技术、TQ在食品加工中的迁移规律及其毒性研究等方面。 The content of tocopherols in the vegetable oils is relatively rich. Tocopherol, as an antioxidant, is involved in the oxidation process of oils that occurring during preparation of food (such as microwave heating, baking, frying etc.) to produce tocopherol quinone (TQ). TQ is a kind of potential food safety hazard factors.In order to scientificly understand and evaluate of TQ for the researchers,the detection methods of TQ, the production law factor in food processing, cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity were summarized, the problems existing in the current research on TQ were put forward, and the future research focus was prospected.Follow up studies on TQ should focus on the quantitative detection technology of TQ monomer, the migration law of TQ in food processing, and its toxicity etc

会宁胡麻油产地环境及产品特征 Production environment and product characteristic of Huining flaxseed oil

为提高会宁胡麻油品牌知名度和影响力，探究了地理标志产品会宁胡麻油的产地环境、种植方式及生产管理过程和品质特性。以会宁县17个乡镇的土壤和胡麻油为试验材料，采用国家相关标准对产地环境及胡麻油品质进行分析并采用气相色谱-质谱法对胡麻油风味物质进行分析。结果表明：会宁胡麻油的产地环境和产品安全指标均达到绿色食品标准；会宁胡麻油中α-亚麻酸平均含量为54.24%，不同产地间存在一定差异；会宁胡麻油含有65种风味物质，香味浓郁，其中己醛、正己醇、2-甲基吡嗪、γ-己内酯和3-甲基巴豆腈对会宁胡麻油独特的香味有重要影响。综上，会宁胡麻生长环境好，会宁胡麻油香味浓郁、营养价值高。In order to improve the brand awareness and influence of Huining flaxseed oil, the production environment, cultivation method and production management process, and quality characteristics of Huining flaxseed oil, a geographical indication product, were explored.The soil and flaxseed oil from 17 townships in Huining county were used as test materials, and the production environment and product quality were determined by the relevant national standards, and the flavor compounds of flaxseed oil were determined by GC-MS method.The results showed that the production environment and product safety indicators of Huining flaxseed oil could meet the standards of green food; the average content of α-linolenic acid in Huining flaxseed oil was 54.24%, moreover, there was difference among different townships.Furthermore, the flaxseed oil of Huining contained 65 flavor compounds and had aromatic flavor, of which hexanal, hexyl alcohol, 2-methylpyrazine, γ-caprolactone, and 3-methyl crocetonitrile had important effect on the unique scent of Huining flaxseed oil.In summary, the flaxseed of Huining grows in a good environment and the oil has a rich aroma and high nutritional value

富含α-亚麻酸的中长链脂肪酸结构脂的 酶法合成与理化性质分析Enzymatic synthesis and physicochemical properties of medium- and long-chain triacylglycerols rich in α-linolenic acid

旨在为富含多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）的中长链脂肪酸甘油三酯（MLCT）产品的应用提供参考，采用脂肪酶Lipozyme TL IM催化精炼桑蚕蛹油（SPO）与三辛酸甘油酯（TRI）进行酯交换反应合成富含α-亚麻酸（ALA）的MLCT（ALA-MLCT），考察了反应时间对ALA-MLCT合成的影响，并对合成的ALA-MLCT的甘油三酯组成、质量指标、氧化稳定性、乳液性能和体外消化特性进行了分析。结果表明：Lipozyme TL IM催化效率高，反应10 h TRI的转化率达到98%以上，反应12 h合成的产物ALA-MLCT中含有ALA的MLCT含量可以达到40.41%，且主要为LnCaCa (1095%)、PLnCa (7.69%)和OLnCa (6.21%)，其质量指标符合中长链脂肪酸食用油标准征求意见稿2022中的一级食用油标准；与SPO和酯交换反应底物物理混合物（SPO与TRI质量比1∶ 4,SPO+TRI）相比，产物ALA-MLCT氧化稳定性显著提高，其乳液粒径较小且分布均匀，具有更好的物理稳定性；体外模拟消化实验表明，与SPO+TRI相比，ALA-MLCT更快达到消化平衡，但最终二者消化率均可以达到90%以上。综上，合成的ALA-MLCT结构脂有助于提高ALA的生物可及性，有望作为功能性食用油脂。In order to provide reference for the application of medium-and long-chain fatty acid triglycerides (MLCT) products enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), lipase Lipozyme TL IM was employed to catalyze the transesterification of refined silkworm pupa oil (SPO) and tricaprylin (TRI) to synthesize MLCT rich in α-linolenic acid (ALA) (ALA-MLCT). The impact of reaction time on the synthesis of ALA-MLCT was studied, and the triglycerides composition, quality index, oxidative stability, emulsion performance, and in vitro digestion characteristics of the ALA-MLCT were analyzed. The results showed that Lipozyme TL IM had high catalytic efficiency, and the conversion rate of TRI reached more than 98% after 10 h of reaction. The content of MLCT containing ALA in ALA-MLCT synthesized by transesterification reaction for 12 h reached 40.41%, and it was mainly composed of LnCaCa (10.95% ), PLnCa (769%) and OLnCa (6.21%). The quality indexes of ALA-MLCT complied with the standards of first-class edible oil in the medium- and long- chain fatty acid edible oil standard draft 2022. Compared with SPO and the physical mixture of transesterification reaction substrate (SPO+TRI, in a 1∶ 4 mass ratio), ALA-MLCT exhibited significantly improved oxidation stability, and its emulsion had better physical stability, with smaller and more evenly distributed particles size. In vitro simulated digestion experiments revealed that ALA-MLCT achieved a faster digestive balance compared with SPO+TRI, but the final digestibility of both could exceed 90%. In conclusion, the synthesized ALA-MLCT can help to improve the bioaccessibility of ALA and is expected to be used as functional edible oil