Construction and Application of Airborne Multi-spectral Remote Sensing System

本文之主要目標為建置具高機動性、高地面解析之機載多頻譜觀測系統，以及機載觀測資料大氣校正之常規程序，期能在地形地物複雜區域的觀測中，有效地降低混合像元的形成，提供正確的地表訊息。並利用所建構之機載多頻譜觀測系統在台中農試所試驗田區之一期稻作進行不同生長期之觀測，獲得高地面解析資料二筆，期能即時、準確地提供有關田間水稻產量和生育狀態空間變異資訊，供相關研究之應用，如水稻病蟲害之鑑別及田問稻株氮營養狀態之遙測等應用研究。此外，藉由水稻產量的預估模式測試試驗田區水稻產量之預估及空間變異分布狀況，初步結果顯示可行性頗高，將進一步深入研究。未來如能應用於大範圍的區域，則可節省相當的人力物力，除在經濟效益與時效性上有相當程度的助益，並可有效地增加農作物之產量外，亦可將此高機動之機載觀測系統應用於臨時性災害狀況之調查與受災區域之估算，相信對於救災之決策與災害之因應處理，都有極大的幫助。 This paper has currently completed installment of an airborne multi-spectral observation system that is highly mobile and capable of providing high- resolution images. We have also carried out the regular procedures required for atmospheric corrections of the data, which in effect reduces the appearance of mixed ratio pixels, and allows us to correctly retrieve the spectral information from the rice fields. This project utilizes the airborne multi-spectral observation system to observe the test areas to analyze the different growth periods of the rice fields. We hope to provide a swift and accurate assessment of relevant information regarding the rice yield, growth stages, and provide data to pertinent sub projects such as the effects caused by insects or variations in the nitrogen amount that can be detected through the tools of remote sensing. With the data already acquired, initial analysis indicates that the possibility seems rather high. In the future, if we can apply this technique to a much larger area, we can save tremendous amount of resources. In addition, we could also overall increase the agricultural output. All of this could be of great help to the economical benefits and efficiency of a country’s agriculture. We may even be able to apply the system on performing real-time observations in the afiermath of disasters, which could help the authorities be better informed on how to react or conduct rescue efforts

A study on the use of satellite image to estimate evapotranspiration over crop fields

本研究嘗試以Roerink等人（2000）建立的衛星遙測估算旱作蒸發散量SEBI(Simplified Surface Energy Balance Index)模式，應用於估計美國SGP’97試區的熱通量和蒸發散量，應用時加上大氣校正模式，以及由衛星影像作土地利用分類。並對台中霧峰農試所2000 年一期作水稻田利用SPOT衛星多光譜資料測試估計效果。在SGP’97試區方面，利用地面實測資料和衛星觀測建立回歸關係推估的結果較良好；各項能量通量估計值與觀測值間的誤差，大部分源自地表參數的反演誤差，而後者又與大氣校正模式或回歸關係的誤差有關。在農試所水稻田試區方面，由於SPOT衛星影像缺乏熱紅外光波段，因此利用SPOT 觀測資料反演的NDVI，透過Landsat衛星影像資料建立的回歸關係推估地表溫度，進而推估能量通量。但因此反演的地表參數間具有某種相關性，且水田的所有反射率一溫度資料均落於蒸發散控制區，不能建立模式所需熱通量分配的圖形。本研究也利用DMSV-1空載多光譜資料分析模式對水稻田的可行性，熱通量分配圖沒有某種程度相關，初估結果合理，大氣影響較小，待未來有測量資料時作進一步的比對分析。 This work intends to implement the Simplified Surface Energy Balance Index (5-SEBI) model by Roerink et al.(2000) to estimate the heat fluxes during The Southern Great Plain (SGP’97 in short) Hydrological Experiment in 1997. Two additional features are added to the 5-SEBI model in the work, performing atmospheric correction by radiative transfer model and land-use classification. Results show that partitioning of heat fluxes is in accordance with the measurement. Main cause of discrepancy is due to inaccurate surface parameter estimates. To estimate evapo-transpiration in rice paddy, surface temperature retrieval is compulsory. Since SPOT image is lack of thermal channel, this work uses the Landsat data to construct the regression function between NDVI and surface temperature. However, it is found that the derived surface temperature is collinear with the SPOT retrieved reflectivity. Also, it is realized that all reflectivity-temperature data of rice paddy should fall in the evaporation-controlled region. Application of satellite data for evaporation estimation in rice paddy requires further research

JUNO Sensitivity on Proton Decay p→νˉK+p\to \bar\nu K^+ Searches

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this paper, the potential on searching for proton decay in $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits to suppress the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ is 36.9% with a background level of 0.2 events after 10 years of data taking. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel

JUNO sensitivity on proton decay p → ν K + searches*

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this study, the potential of searching for proton decay in the $p\to \bar{\nu} K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated. The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits suppression of the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar{\nu} K^+$ is 36.9% ± 4.9% with a background level of $0.2\pm 0.05({\rm syst})\pm$$0.2({\rm stat})$ events after 10 years of data collection. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years of exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, which is competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel and complements the use of different detection technologies