[[alternative]]THE ROLE OF VISION IN BALANCE TRAINING ON MENTALLY RETARDED STUDENTS' BALANCE MOVEMENT PERFORMANCE.

[[abstract]]The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of vision in balance training for students with mental retardation. The subjects included 8 students ranging from 13 to 15 years of age. Before training, each subject had to be examined with the following tests under full-vision and no-vision condition walking forward and backward on the balance beam. After pre-test, each subject was assigned to a vision or no-vision training group. Each group had 5 days training session with balance beam walking and trendmill walking. The mid-test and final-test was held on the 3rd and 7th day after the training had started. Testing items included the distance, the speed and the step distance. The conclusion is as following: 1.After training, the full-vision and no-vision group shows significant differences in distance, it is the evidence that balance performance could be improved after physical training. 2.No-vision group took slower and steady walking strategy and the full-vision group relied on vision and use the fast but unstable movement strategy. 3.Walking backward with full-vision, walking forward with no-vision, walking backward with no-vision are effect by vision condition. No-vision group take slower and shooter step of distance. 4.No-vision training seems help students improving their movement stability. It is an inexpensive and easy way to practice under different visual conditions. Hopefully more researches and teaching strategies of this kind will be done in the future.

Automation of Livestock Production (II)

本計畫之目的在建立以資本與技術取代傳統勞力密集的畜牧生產模式,以達到節省勞力、降低生產成本、提高生產力與產品品質、及增進國內畜產業競爭力為目標,來面對即將加入世界貿易組織WTO所可能帶來的衝擊.畜牧生產自動化實施的過程在促進畜產餵飼、收穫處理、管理和廢棄物處理與利用等工作機械化和微電腦控制化,並將在未來的研究中進一步結合生產管理資訊化、網路化與產銷電子商務的推行達到電子化的效果,以維護國內畜產業的生存與競爭能力.本年度的研究,在需求調查方面有:台灣畜牧業生產自動化需求及養羊業自動化技術需求調查兩項研究;在畜禽餵飼自動化方面有:芻料調製和TMR機械的改進及乳羊自動餵乳的研究兩項;在畜產品收穫處理自動化方面包括有:以牛乳導電度監測乳房炎發生系統的開發、蛋殼裂痕與品質自動檢測系統之研製、洗選蛋機開發與密閉式蛋雞舍示範點建立、土雞電宰自動挖睪丸機械開發等六項研究;在畜禽舍環控與管理自動化方面有:密閉式雞舍與豬舍環控系統開發、水簾式雞舍電腦監控系統發展與應用在土雞飼養的研究、牛羊舍夏季洒水降溫系統的推廣、乳牛發情偵測系統的改進等六項研究;在畜禽排泄物處理與利用自動化方面有:水簾式雞舍空氣污染防治、以人工嗅覺感測器鑑定養豬場臭味污染及畜牧廢水自動監控系統改進等三項研究.本計畫研究預期之成果包括可降低勞力需求、增進生產效率、提高畜產品品質與產量、增加農民收益、降低環境污染、提高資訊化管理功效、促進國內畜產自動化研究和相關產業在設備開發水準之提昇等成效.The objective of this project is to create a capital and technique concentrated production environment to replace the traditional production method of labor intense demanded. The output of this project will cut the labor requirement, reduce cost, increase productivity and improve product quality and establish competition ability for domestic farmers to against the strike of this nation's entering WTO. The operation procedure for the automation of livestock production is to apply mechanization and microprocess control into the works of feeding, harvesting, livestock management, waste management, and environment control. The final goal is to achieve the electronic automation by adding works of computerizing production and management information, combining computer network and electrical commerce techniques. This will maintain the existence endurance and competition ability of livestock industry in this country. In this year five major areas of research are included. There are two survey researches, which will study the demands of production automation by livestock sector in Taiwan and the required automation techniques and equipment for goat industry. Two researches are in the area of feeding automation, which will investigate to the automation of milk feeding on lamb and the machine improvement for silage and TMR making. Six researches are in the area of harvesting automation, which are development of online milk electric conductivity measuring system, two different eggshell quality inspection machines, egg washing and grading machine, slaughter machine of country chicken, and the automatic management of heat detection and mastitis in dairy farms. Six researches are in the area of management automation, which include environmental control systems development of enclosed broiler houses for feeding of swing and caged chicken, managing system improvement of water-pad broiler chicken house, cooling system improvement of dairy and sheep barn, system performance improvement of estrus detecting of dairy cow, and efficiency study of chicken feeding between caged and wet pad broiler houses. Three researches are in the area of waste management automation, which are demonstration and extension of an automatic poultry air pollution treatment system, system development for identification of pig farm odor using artificial olfactory sensor, and system improvement of automatic monitoring and control of livestock wastewater. The benefit expected from these researches includes economizing the use of labor, increasing the production efficiency, enhancing the product quality, adding farmer profit, reducing pollution and improving the ability of computerized management. This project will also encourage domestic related theoretical researches and raising the manufacturing techniques in the machine and equipment for the automation of livestock production