Studies on water treatment systems for coral aquarium

养殖水体的水质控制是室内珊瑚养殖最关键的环节。传统海水水族饲养系统价格高昂，维持难度大，缓冲能力较弱。本文通过研究活石对有毒NH4+/NH3和NO3-的处理效率及其与活石内菌群的关系，评估活石对水体内无机氮营养盐的处理效率；利用叶绿素荧光技术筛选适合室内珊瑚养殖中营养盐处理的大型海藻；通过实验探寻植食性鱼类对珊瑚饲养系统内的海藻取食作用来调控海藻-珊瑚关系，筛选适合在珊瑚养殖系统中使用的工具生物；设计基于大型海藻营养盐吸收特征的藻屏系统，结合活石-藻缸系统构建室内珊瑚养殖系统，并评估其效果。 主要结果如下： （1）活石对无机氮营养盐的处理效率：检测活石表面和内部功能基因（AOA3,amoA...Water quality is the key lines of coral aquarium. The traditional method based on all kinds of equipment for water treatments is too expensive for common people. In this study, role of the bacterium in live rocks were studied during the process of toxic nutrients (NH4+/NH3 and NO3-) elimination to evaluate the roles of live rock played in the removal efficiency of inorganic nitrogen nutrient. And ...学位：理学硕士院系专业：生命科学学院_生态学学号：2162011115246

Photosynthetic capacity of three common species of macroalgae and the application in coral aquarium

利用水下饱和脉冲调制叶绿素荧光仪(dIVIng-PAM)测定了珊瑚养殖水处理中3种常见大型海藻石莼(ulVA lACTuCA)、条浒苔(EnTErOMOrPHA ClATHrATA)和羽状蕨藻(CAulErPA MEXICAnA)光能转化效率(fV/fM),快速光曲线(rlC)相关参数和非光化学淬灭(nPQ)。结果表明:石莼和条浒苔的fV/fM分别为0.808±0.004和0.816±0.009,显著高于羽状蕨藻。最大相对电子传递速率rETrMAX(17.52±2.92和19.59±4.43μMOl E·M-2·S-1)、半饱和光强Ik(53.41±8.18和59.71±13.52μMOl PHOTOnS·M-2·S-1)也明显高于羽状蕨藻(rETrMAX和Ik分别为13.72±5.41μMOl E·M-2·S-1和32.67±14.06μMOl PHOTOnS·M-2·S-1),表明石莼和条浒苔有着比羽状蕨藻更高的光合能力和对强光的耐受能力,光保护能力更强;羽状蕨藻较高的rlC初始斜率α表明其在弱光下拥有更强的光捕获能力,弱光下光合效率更高;随光照的增强(0~373μMOl PHOTOnS·M-2·S-1),羽状蕨藻nPQ的增幅有限(0~0.2),最大值仅为条浒苔和石莼的38.1%和62.5%,表明这种藻类更容易受到强光的抑制。因此,在珊瑚养殖的水处理中,可以根据不同的光照选择适宜的藻种或藻种组合并根据光梯度进行布局,反之也可以根据藻种来选择合适的光源,以达到最佳的处理效率。This study investigated the difference of photosynthetic capacity in three macroalgae species( Ulva lactuca,Enteromorpha clathrata,and Caulerpa mexicana) commonly used for nutrient removal in coral aquariums.The photochemical efficiency( Fv/Fm),parameters relevant to rapid light curve( RLC) and non-photochemical quenching( NPQ) in the macroalgae were measured by underwater saturation pulse modulated chlorophyll fluorometer( Diving-PAM).The results showed that Fv/Fmwas 0.808 ± 0.004 for U.lactuca and 0.816 ± 0.009 for E.clathrata,which were higher than that for C.mexicana.Higher maximum relative electron transfer rates( rETRmax)( 17.52 ±2.92 and 19.59 ±4.43 μmol e·m- 2·s- 1) and half-starved value of light intensities( Ik)( 53.41 ±8.18 and 59.71 ±13.52 μmol photons·m- 2·s- 1) were observed in U.lactuca and E.clathrata than that in C.mexicana( 13.72 ± 5.41 μmol e·m- 2·s- 1for rETRmaxand 32.67 ± 14.06 μmol photons·m- 2·s- 1for Ik),indicating that U.lactuca and E.clathrata have stronger photosynthetic capacities,photo-protection capacities and tolerance to higher intense light than C.mexicana.A significantly lower RLC initial slope α in C.mexicana implied that this algal species has a higher photosynthetic capacity under weak light condition.With increasing the light intensity( 0- 373 μmol photons·m- 2·s- 1),however,C.mexicana had a limited increase of NPQ( 0- 0.2),the maximum of which was equivalent to 38.1% of that in U.lactuca and 62.5% of that in E.clathrata.These results indicate that the photosynthesis of E.clathrata may be more easily limited by intense light.Our study suggests that the selection of algal species for nutrient removal in a coral aquarium should be adapted to the light intensity.Single species or the combination of different species of macroalgae can be selected according to the illumination of the coral aquarium in order to maximize the efficiency of nutrient removal.国家海洋局第三海洋研究所基本科研业务项目(海三科2011033); 厦门海洋研究开发院共建项目; 海洋公益性行业科研项目(201105012)资

西辽河流域1952年～2007年参考作物蒸散量的变化趋势

西辽河流域在区域和国家粮食安全中的地位重要,随着社会经济的发展,用水量增加导致水资源紧缺,参考作物蒸散量可为该区作物灌溉和区域灌溉需水量提供定量依据,本文采用Penman-Monteith模型计算了西辽河流域11个气象台站1952年～2007年来的月和年参考作物蒸散量,采用Kendall秩次相关法,对变化趋势进行了相关分析。研究结果表明:①西辽河流域多年平均蒸散量介于861～1330mm之间,空间分布呈现中部高,四周低的态势,月最高气温是西辽河流域年内参考作物蒸散量变化的主导因素;②近55年来,西辽河流域年际蒸散量变化整体呈增加趋势,但增加不显著,季节分布情况而言,多数站点春季和夏季参考作物蒸散量呈增加趋势,秋季和冬季呈减少趋势;③夏季蒸散量的变化是西辽河流域年蒸散量变化的主导因素。国家自然科学(编号:40771204;40801223)

西辽河流域潜在蒸散量时空格局

利用地处北方农牧交错带的西辽河流域及其周边45个地面气象台站1974-2005年的月平均气象资料(温度、湿度、风速和太阳辐射等),采用先计算后插值(CI)的方法,选用彭曼—蒙特斯(Penman-Monteith)(98)模型,对45个站点的多年平均潜在蒸散量进行了计算,在ArcGIS9.0软件平台的地统计模块下,运用普通克里格法,对西辽河流域的多年平均潜在蒸散量逐月进行空间插值。在此基础上对全流域多年平均潜在蒸散量进行了时空格局分析,结果表明:西辽河流域潜在蒸散量ET0与气温、日照时数和风速显著正相关,与平均相对湿度为显著负相关;受各气象要素影响,ET0的逐月变化曲线为一条单峰曲线,冬季ET0普遍较低,春末、秋初及夏季ET0则较高;西辽河流域潜在蒸散量空间分布格局呈现以科尔沁沙地为中心区域向东北、西南两侧逐渐递减的总体趋势。国家自然科学项目(40771204,40801223,40801006

西辽河流域潜在蒸散量时空格局

利用地处北方农牧交错带的西辽河流域及其周边45个地面气象台站1974-2005年的月平均气象资料(温度、湿度、风速和太阳辐射等),采用先计算后插值(CI)的方法,选用彭曼—蒙特斯(Penman-Monteith)(98)模型,对45个站点的多年平均潜在蒸散量进行了计算,在ArcGIS 9.0软件平台的地统计模块下,运用普通克里格法,对西辽河流域的多年平均潜在蒸散量逐月进行空间插值。在此基础上对全流域多年平均潜在蒸散量进行了时空格局分析,结果表明:西辽河流域潜在蒸散量ET0与气温、日照时数和风速显著正相关,与平均相对湿度为显著负相关;受各气象要素影响,ET0的逐月变化曲线为一条单峰曲线,冬季ET0普遍较低,春末、秋初及夏季ET0则较高;西辽河流域潜在蒸散量空间分布格局呈现以科尔沁沙地为中心区域向东北、西南两侧逐渐递减的总体趋势

Experimental study on competitive interaction among reef-building coral Turbinaria peltata,Rhizoclonium sp. and rabbitfish Siganus guttatus

本研究通过120 d的室内培养实验研究了盾形陀螺珊瑚(TurbInArIA PElTATA)、根枝藻(rHIzOClOnIuM SP.)和点斑篮子鱼(SIgAnuS guTTATuS)之间的相互作用关系.结果显示,高质量浓度的nO-3(5.00~10.00 Mg/dM3)刺激了丝状绿藻根枝藻在缸内的爆发式生长,在实验27 d时根枝藻在缸壁的面积覆盖率达到90.5%,藻丝长度为10~15 CM.在海藻的胁迫作用下,盾形陀螺珊瑚的PSⅡ最大光化学量子产量(f V/f M)均值逐渐从0.712降至0.626,降幅为10.7%~13.5%.放入4尾4~6 CM长的点斑篮子鱼后,实验缸壁根枝藻的面积覆盖率在2d内从90.5%下降至10.0%.但解除根枝藻胁迫后盾形陀螺珊瑚的f V/f M值并没有明显变化,与对照组的差异也不显著;随着海藻胁迫因子的消除,盾形陀螺珊瑚的f V/f M值逐渐升高,并在第120天时恢复至初始状态.本研究结果从珊瑚光合作用效率的角度验证了啃食者的存在确能缓解富营养化对造礁珊瑚的不利影响,为“下行控制假说“提供了新的证据.A 120 days experiment was conducted in the aquarium to study competitive interaction among reef-building coral Turbinaria peltata,green macroalgae Rhizoclonium sp.and rabbitfish Siganus guttatus.The results showed that high concentration of NO-3( 5.00 ~10.00mg/dm3) stimulated the explosive growth of filamentous Rhizoclonium sp.,which covered 90.5% of aquarium wall on the 27thday.The length of algal filament ranged from 10cm to 15cm.Some polyps of T.peltata were covered by algae or were continuously touched and squeezed by algal filament under the action of water flow.In the meantime,the mean F v / F m gradually declined from 0.712 to 0.626 under the stress.The addition of 4 rabbitfish sharply reduced the coverage of filamentous macroalgae from 90.5 % to 10.0 % level in 2 days,but the F v / F m of T.peltata didn't recover fast.However,as the stress on the algae disappeared,T.peltata F v / F m gradually returned back to initial state on day 120.The study verifies that the grazers indeed alleviate the negative effects of eutrophication on corals and it provides a new evidence for the "top-down control"of herbivores.国家海洋局第三海洋研究所基本科研业务费资助项目(海三科2011033); 国家海洋公益性行业科研专项资助项目(201105012); 厦门海洋研究开发院共建专项资助项

Fmoc固相直接法合成Aβ1-15肽疫苗及其免疫活性

【目的】探讨实验室合成Aβ1-15肽疫苗的方法，并对其进行鉴定。【方法】选取Aβ42主要包含B细胞抗原决定簇的片段Aβ1-15，采用8分支多重抗原肽系统，以Fmoc固相直接法合成MAP Aβ1-15；用MAP Aβ1-15疫苗免疫接种C57BL／6小鼠，ELISA检测血清特异性抗Aβ抗体。【结果】用Fmoc法直接合成方法成功制备MAP Aβ1-15疫苗，质谱检测其主要离子峰的相对分子质量为15458，与理论相对分子质量15451十分接近。但还有其它不同分子质量的离子峰存在。以合成的MAP Aβ1-15免疫C57BL／6小鼠后。可产生高滴度的特异性抗Aβ越抗体，第3次接种后抗体平均滴度为1：467±196，第5次免疫接种后。平均滴度为1：4367±1120。对照组的血清抗体检测基本无明显变化。【结论】Fmoc固相直接法可成功合成出MAP Aβ1-15，合成出的MAP Aβ1-15具有很好免疫活性