马克思工资运动理论探析

马克思工资运动理论寓于其工资理论之中,但又立足于不同视角,有必要对其单独论述。通过理论探析可知,应从四个维度全面理解马克思工资运动理论:工资量取决于劳动力价值量,等于劳动价格与一定时间限定内劳动量的乘积;资本主义工资运动总是以资本增值需要为转移;工资运动总是伴随着利润运动,且由后者决定;对工资运动真正起决定作用的因素都不产生于劳动力市场,而是产生于资本主义私有制这个制度本身。国家社会科学基金项目(10BJL004

A Parallel Algorithm for Fresnel Tomography

摘要:与射线层析成像相比, Fresnel 层析成像考虑波频率的影响, 具有较高的分辨率,但所需的存储 空间和计算量更大,因此提出了Fresnel 层析成像的并行算法1 把大型层析反演方程组的求解,转化成 对其中的各个方程进行相互独立的计算,避免了大型系数矩阵的存储问题;把一个Fresnel 带的正演和 反演计算放在一个进程,不同Fresnel 带的计算相互独立进行,不需要信息传递,达到了极高的并行度; 从进程之间没有通信, 仅当从进程计算结束后,在主进程与各从进程之间有少量的数据传递,使通信开 销达到了极小的程度1 应用MPI 在Linux PC 集群环境下实现了该算法,实际测试表明,该算法具有较 高的并行度和加速比.Abstract 　In cont rast with ray2based t raveltime tomography , Fresnel tomography account s for the band2 limited nature of seismic waves and gives the higher resolution tomograms1 Because Fresnel tomography demands much computer memory and much running time , a parallel algorithm for it is proposed1 The tomographic inversion is t ransformed to resolving respectively a series of single equation in light of backprojection principle , each equation corresponding to a Fresnel zone1 The forward and inverse computation concerning a Fresnel zone is allocated to one process and is independent of other processes1 Then the storage and calculation of the large2scale mat rix in the tomography are avoided1 No message delivers between the slave processes , and only a little of data delivers between a master process and the slave ones1 By using the portable message passing interface standard (MPI ) for the communication , the computing code of the algorithm is implemented on Linux system , which allows to dist ribute the work on several PCs connected via standard Ethernet in an in2house network , and greatly expands the applicability of Fresnel tomography1 The test s on the synthetic and observed seismic t ravel time data show that this parallel algorithm has a good performance on Linux PCs1基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(40774065) ;福建省自然科学基金项目(2006J0044

Community of benthic macrofauna on sandy intertidal zone in Chinese Horseshoe Crab Reserve in Pingtan island,China

2015年7月底,在平潭岛中国鲎(Tachypleus; tridentatus)保护区沙质潮间带进行了大型底栖动物调查。结果表明,在山岐澳和坛南湾沙质潮间带未发现鲎的幼体和成体,证实中国鲎在山岐澳和坛; 南湾已经面临濒危的境况。山岐澳潮间带的大型底栖动物物种数、物种多样性指数(H')、均匀度指数(J)和丰度指数(d)均高于坛南湾潮间带的大型底栖动; 物物种数、物种多样性指数、均匀度指数和丰度指数,而山岐澳潮间带的大型底栖动物栖息密度和生物量低于坛南湾潮间带的大型底栖动物栖息密度和生物量。两个; 海湾大型底栖动物群落的差异与肋(虫昌)螺(Umbonium; costatum)分布有关,坛南湾潮间带栖息着高密度的肋虫昌螺,而在山岐澳潮间带肋(虫昌)螺很少。AZTI's海洋生物指数(AMBI)和多变量海; 洋底栖生物指数(M-AMBI)值证实山歧澳和坛南湾沙质潮间带生态环境均属于受轻度扰动状态。山岐澳主要受海水养殖的影响,吊养的生物和浮筒减缓了水动; 力,导致山岐澳潮间带低洼区表层为泥质沉积物。坛南湾是旅游区,潮间带受人为踩踏较多。At the end of July 2015 , the benthic macrofauna were investigated in; sandy intertidal zone in Chinese Horseshoe Crab Reserve in Pingtan; island. The results showed that both the larvae and adult of Chinese; horseshoe crab were not found in sandy intertidal zone in Shanqi bay and; Tannan bay. It was confirmed that Tachypleus tridentatus stayed in an; endangered situation in the two bays. The species number, species; diversity index (H'),evenness index (J) and a-bundance index (d) of; benthic macrofauna in Shanqi bay were all higher than those in Tannan; bay,while the density and biomass of benthic macrofauna in the; intertidal zone of Shanqi bay were lower than those in Tannan bay. The; difference of benthic macrofaunal community between Shanqi bay and; Tannan bay was related to the distribution of Umbonium costatum . The; density of Umbonium costatum was high in Tannan bay,but it was few in; Shanqi bay. The values of AZTI' s Marine Biotic Index ( AMBI) and; Multivariate Marine Benthic Index (M-AMBI) showed that the ecological; and environmental status both in Shanqi bay and Tannan bay were slightly; disturbed. The mariculture was the key factor in Shanqi bay,because the; suspending aquatic organisms and floats retarded hydrodynamic force led; to muddy sediment in lower intertidal zone in Shanqi bay. Tannan bay is; a tourism region, where has more artificial tread than Shanqi bay.海洋公益项目; 国家自然科学基金面上项目; 厦门大学2015年大创资助项

湖泊底泥中微囊藻DNA的分子检测

通过改进裂解温度和延长裂解时间并增加苯酚/氯仿洗脱次数的DNA提取方法获得南京玄武湖底泥中的DNA,通过PCR法来扩增微囊藻的16SrRNA基因．结果表明在所有采样点中均得到微囊藻基因组DNA,并且纯度较高,OD_(260)/ OD_(280)均高于1．54,最高值达到1．89．PCR的扩增结果显示所有样点的DNA都得到212 bp大小的微囊藻16SrRNA基因片断,表明这种方法可以有效的从底泥中提取微囊藻的DNA,从而为研究底泥微囊藻生理生态及其越冬、上浮、形成水华的机理提供更有利的方法

抗人DR5单克隆抗体的制备、鉴定及活性分析

目的制备抗人DR5单克隆抗体(mAb),鉴定其特性,并进行生物学活性分析。方法以纯化的可溶性DR5(sDR5)免疫Balb/c小鼠,杂交瘤技术制备抗人DR5mAb;运用ELISA、SDS-PAGE电泳方法测定抗DR5mAb与sDR5结合的特性;Ig亚类ELISA试剂盒鉴定抗DR5mAb亚类;间接ELISA法检测腹水mAb效价;流式细胞仪检测肿瘤细胞表面DR5的表达水平;流式细胞仪检测抗DR5单克隆抗体(mAb)诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的功能。结果获得1株可分泌抗DR5mAb的杂交瘤细胞系R150。SDS-PAGE电泳检测证实,获得的R150可特异性地识别DR5;R150的Ig亚类为IgGI(λ型);腹水效价为1×106;通过流式细胞仪可敏感地检测到肿瘤细胞表面DR5的表达水平及R150诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡情况。结论获得1株可分泌抗DR5mAb的细胞系R150,抗体具有效价高、特异性强等特点并能有效诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡,具有较好的应用价值

用于肿瘤血管靶向治疗的RGD/tTF融合蛋白的表达及活性鉴定

目的:制备用于肿瘤血管靶向治疗的重组RGD/tTF融合蛋白,并鉴定其生物学活性。方法:利用PCR技术构建RGD与tTF的融合基因,克隆至表达载体pET22b(+),在E.coliBL21(DE3)中表达,镍亲和层析柱纯化。凝血实验和FⅩ活化实验鉴定融合蛋白中tTF的活性,间接ELISA分析RGD活性。结果:获得序列正确的RGD/tTF/pET22b(+)重组子,融合蛋白在E.coliBL21(DE3)中高效表达。纯化后的融合蛋白具有活化FⅩ、引起血液凝固的功能,且能与αvβ3特异性结合。结论:成功构建RGD/tTF/pET22b(+)重组子,RGD/tTF融合蛋白具有TF活性且与αvβ3特异性结合,为进一步研究其体内特异性诱发肿瘤组织血管栓塞功能创造了条件

Bacterial community and its relation to environmental variables in a subtropical stratified reservoir for drinking water supply in autumn

水库在我国东南沿海地区是重要的饮用水水源地,对地区经济发展和社会稳定起到重要作用。选择亚热带地区典型的热分层水库——福建莆田东圳水库,于2011年秋季稳定分层期,以水体温度的垂直变化特征为依据进行分层采样。应用PCrdggE和克隆测序的方法研究浮游细菌群落的垂直分布特征,利用多元统计分析揭示细菌群落与热分层水体理化指标之间的关系。结果显示:溶解氧、电导率、叶绿素A、总氮、氨氮及硝氮在上下层水体中的分布有显著差异,下层缺氧区细菌的SHAnnOnWIEnEr指数和dggE条带数明显高于上层好氧区,表明东圳水库热分层水体中存在明显的物理、化学及生物分层现象。测序结果表明β-变形菌可能是东圳水库中占优势的细菌类群,统计结果提示溶解氧是显著影响细菌群落组成的环境因子。热分层水体的物理化学分层与水体细菌群落结构密切相关,提示水库生态学研究应对水体热分层给予重视。Fujian reservoirs in southeast China are important water resources for economic and social sustainable development,although few have been studied previously.Dongzhen Reservoir,a typical subtropical stratified reservoir in Fujian,was chosen for investigation of bacterial distribution,composition and diversity in autumn 2011.As the only built large reservoir in Putian City,it plays an important role in irrigation,flood control,hydroelectric power,and water supply.Dongzhen Reservoir shows an obvious phenomenon of water thermal stratification during summer and autumn,thus creates a unique gradient of environmental variables along the water column.We investigated the bacterial community and its relation to environmental variables in this study for a better understanding of vertical distribution of bacterial community and theprimary environmental drivers in a stratified reservoir.Five water samples were collected from five different depths according to the vertical changes of temperature.Both PCR-DGGE and sequencing were used to investigate the bacterial community and diversity.Moreover,physical and chemical parameters were measured according to the national standard methods.Multivariate statistical techniques were used to examine the relationship between bacterial community and environmental variables.Principal component analysis( PCA) clearly showed that water temperature,dissolved oxygen( DO),chlorophyll a( Chl a),total nitrogen( TN),ammonia nitrogen( NH4-N),nitrite / nitrate nitrogen( NOx-N) and electric conductivity of the upper aerobic zone were differed from those of the deeper anoxic zone.Both the number of DGGE bands and the Shannon-Wiener index of the deeper anoxic zone were higher than those of the upper aerobic zone.Further,two groups were distinguished by the cluster analysis of bacterial communities based on the Bray-Curtis similarity.Thus,Dongzhen Reservoir presented an obviously physical,chemical,and biological stratified phenomenon.Seven bands that common to all sampling depths were extracted and sequenced,and among which four were identified as Betaproteobacteria,indicating that Betaproteobacteria were the most dominant taxa in Dongzhen Reservoir in autumn.Bacterial community composition and diversity differed greatly among different sampling depths,and these differences were closely related to the physical and chemical stratification of the water body.Redundancy analysis( RDA) demonstrated DO was the significant environmental variable that shaping the bacterial community and diversity( P < 0.01).Therefore,we should pay more attention to DO and thermal stratification of reservoirs for sustainable reservoir management.国家重大科学研究计划(2012CB956103); 中国科学院知识创新工程方向项目(KZCX2-YW-QN401); 国家自然科学基金面上项目(31172114); 福建省杰出青年科学基金项目(2012J06009

Ge/GeO/多层石墨纳米复合物锂离子电池负极材料性能研究

由于其高容量、快速锂离子扩散速率和高电导性的优点,锗被认为是一种非常有前景的锂离子电池负极材料.本研究利用GeO2和石墨作为前驱体,通过水热法制备Ge/GeO/多层石墨复合物并将其应用于锂离子电池负极材料进行电化学性能研究.实验结果表明,Ge/GeO2纳米粒子的粒径约为40 nm.该复合物电极的第一次充放电容量分别是2045和1146 mA h g.1,库仑效率为56.0%.50圈充放电循环后,当电压范围为0.01.50 V时,容量保持在1008 mAhg.倍率实验表明,该电极在1C(1C=1000mAg)和2 C倍率大电流下,虽然容量略有衰减,但仍保持790和710 mAhg的高容量.教育部新世纪优秀人才计划(编号:NCET-13-0879)；福建省闽江学者特聘教授计划；泉州市桐江学者特聘教授计划；福建省自然科学基金(编号:2016J01069)资助项目

人源化抗人肺癌单域抗体基因的构建、表达及活性分析

目的:构建人源化的抗人肺癌单域抗体hu3D3VH基因,在大肠杆菌中表达,对其蛋白活性进行分析。方法:采用CDR移植技术对mAb3D3的重链可变区进行人源化,通过重叠PCR获得hu3D3VH的基因。构建pET22(b+)/hu3D3VH表达载体,并转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),在IPTG诱导下表达。表达产物通过Ni亲和层析柱纯化。采用间接ELISA和竞争抑制ELISA法进行活性分析。结果:通过重叠PCR获得序列正确的目的基因。目的蛋白以包涵体的形式表达,表达量占菌体总蛋白的30%以上。纯化后,目的蛋白的纯度达95%以上。hu3D3VH具有与亲本抗体相同的抗原反应性,并能抑制mAb3D3与L342细胞的结合。结论:获得的人源化单域抗体hu3D3VH,保留了与mAb3D3相同的反应性和特异性,为进一步临床应用奠定了基础

黄芪对肺腺癌细胞生长抑制的实验研究

目的:研究分化诱导剂黄芪(Astragalus)在体外对人肺腺癌SPC-A-1细胞生长抑制的影响。方法:用不同浓度的黄芪分别处理肺腺癌SPC-A-1细胞后,镜下观察癌细胞的生长情况;测定软琼脂克隆形成率;MTT(噻唑蓝)法测定生长抑制率。结果:不同浓度黄芪处理后细胞的生长明显受到抑制,细胞生长抑制率随黄芪的浓度增加而增加。结论:黄芪对肺腺癌SPC-A-1细胞的生长有明显的抑制作用