An Optical Study on a Clinic Room in the Integral Calculus Globe First Report : On the plan of the integral calculus globe and its illuminance

1) A clinic room in an integral calculus globe was made according to the basic experiments. By measuring the illuminance it was found that a diffused natural light having no shadows and soft light equally to daylight was succeeded to obtain. The light showed the same illuminance as the light from a north window in the daytime (1800～2000Lx) which is the best condition to observe the color tone of the teeth. This light is also suitable for the health of the eyes during long-time treatment. It is, moreover, good for the psychological stability of the patients. 2) Results of a comparison measurement of the illuminance showed that the lightest was the whole circuit, followed by Light A, Daylight, Light D. 3) Individually used, Light A, Daylight, Light D showed a fixed and homogeneous illuminance in all parts, but when the all Lights were used together, the illuminance value changed to unstable. 4) When medical instruments were carried in the room the illuminance of the integral calculus globe declined. 5) As for the floor, P-tiles had a lighter illuminance in comparison to grey carpet. 6) It was interesting that when medical instruments were carried into the integral calculus globe, the value of daylight fluorescent light became unstable. 7) The average illuminance of the preventive treatment room, which was used for the control, was 563 Lx when it was measured in 6 defferent places

A Statistical Survey of Papers on Porcelain

The authors conducted a survey of papers on porcelain and synthetic resins which appeared from 1915 to 1978 in 45 journals related to the subject. The journals surveyed were in the Matsumoto Dental College library. The results of the survey drew the following conclusions: 1) In the 45 jounals surveyed, the number of porcelain-related papers were found to have increased after the close of the war indicating a boom period. The year with the most number of papers related to porcelain was 1977, with 71 papers. 2) Seven journals were randomly selected from the above 45 journals and, of the 15,545 papers appearing in the seven journals, 326 or 2.1% were related to porselain and 313 or 2.0% were related to synthetic resins. Looking at fixed periods of time, papers on both porcelain and synthetic resins were noted to increase gradually after the war from about 1950. The most number of papers published in both areas was in the year 1978. In that year, 47 papers related to porcelain and 30 papers related to synthetic resins appeared in the seven journals surveyed. 3) When the papers were classified accoding to materials, papers on porcelain fused to metal jacket crowns and bridges were most numerous, followed by papers on porcelain jacket crowns, porcelain inlays and aluminous porcelain. 4) When the papers were separated into content of research, papers on methodology were most numerous, followed by papers on the physical aspects, 〓olor tone, level of adaptability, design and fractures

A Study on the Color Tone within the Mouth Fourth Report: On the constitution of light and the color of the teeth

The human eyes are able to distinguish the shape and color of objects only when light hits the object and the reflection of that light directly hits the retinae. If prosthesis will be made only by sensory vision based on experience, the treatment would differ among various dentists. If the dentist\u27s senses happened to be in abnormal conditions, or if the dentist had a particular color sense by nature, the result will be unsuccessful. Accordingly, instruments were developed in order to indicate the color tone by scientifically. For the experiment, an instrument by Suga Testing Instrument Development (deviser: Hashiguchi) and the other instrument produced by Nakagawa Production were used. The results were as follows: The model of Suga Testing Instrument (CDE-CH 4) displayed a great validity when measuring the color tone of the surface of material that was flat and homogeneous. But when the surface was curved and the quality of the material was complex, the instrument could not display a valid value. On the other hand, the model of Nakagawa Production (NS-100) displayed a valid value when applied for materials with a curved surface and complex quality, but did not show any valid values when applied on material that was flat. The reason was considered that with CDE-CH 4, the light that emerged from the glass-fiber returns to the micro-computer through the same route, as a reflection. Therefore the light did not permeate or refract or absorb or scatter into the inner material. In the case of NS-100, however, the light entered the interior, made a detour and was inserted into the micro-computer circuit through a different route. This is in order to avoid diffusing the light of the surface caused by reflection as much as possible

Hydrocarbon Resources within the U-shaped Line in the Southern South China Sea:Distribution Characteristics and Development Status

*李金蓉,国家海洋信息中心助理研究员。电子邮箱:[email protected]。 **方银霞,国家海洋局第二海洋研究所专属经济区与大陆架研究中心研究员。 ***朱瑛,中国海洋大学。［文摘］南海南部油气资源丰富,多年来越南、菲律宾、马来西亚、文莱无视我国海洋主权和权益,在我国U形线附近和U形线内大肆开展油气资源勘探开发活动,使得南海南部成为全球关注的焦点和热点。本文在分析研究南海中、南部主要沉积盆地构造特征的基础上,讨论了南海南部油气资源分布和开发现状,以及我国在复杂政治地理环境下的应对策略。［Abstract］The southern South China Sea contains rich hydrocarbon resources.Over many years,Vietnam,the Philippines,Malaysia and Brunei have wantonly carried out exploration and development activities of oil and gas resources near and even within China’s U-shaped boundary line,defying the maritime sovereign rights and interests of China.Consequently,the southern South China Sea has become a focus of global attention.In this article,by analyzing and studying the tectonic features of the major basins in the central and southern South China Sea,the authors discuss the distribution characteristics and development status of the oil and gas resources in the southern South China Sea,as well as China’s strategies to cope against the complex geopolitical backdrops.本文为2010年国家社科基金重大课题《南海地区国家核心利益的维护策略研究》(项目编号: 10zd&013)之子课题二《南海非生物资源权益维护》的阶段性成果

Relationship between mannose-binding protein polymorphism and patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma

目的探讨甘露糖结合蛋白(MbP)基因突变与肝硬化及肝癌的关系。方法采用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCr-rflP)方法和实时荧光定量PCr(fQ-PCr)技术针对代偿性肝硬化(CC)患者73例、失代偿性肝硬化(dC)患者78例、肝细胞癌(HCC)患者35例和对照组88例健康者的MbP基因第54位密码子多态性进行检测。结果 HCC组的MbP基因ggC/gAC基因型频率和gAC等位基因频率与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。CC组、dC组MbP基因ggC/gAC基因型频率和gAC等位基因频率均显著高于HCC组和对照组(P 0.05).GAC allele frequency was also highest prevalence (36.5%) in DC group than that in CC group and HCC group (P < 0.05).Conclusions The MBP codon 54 polymorphism is associated with the progression of liver cirrhosis and might not play an important role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma.福建省漳州市科技计划资助项目(Z2010085

民主和平論

「民主和平論」是一九七○、八○年代興起的理論，承續傳統自由國際主義學派強調國家的「民主體制」可以醫治國家間戰爭行為的理想。此學派以康德為起源，經過實證研究及理論的探索，發展出「民主國家之間互不打仗」的論點。康德最早提倡，共和自由體制的國家傾向愛好和平，應在國際社會建立共和國家聯盟，並加以擴展，使更多的國家成為共和國，以帶來國際和平。但是人類歷史紀錄卻顯示，民主國家其實與非民主國家一樣的好戰，歷史上許多戰爭民主國家皆有參與。如果「民主國家確實較愛好和平」是無法推翻的說法，就應進一步分析以了解，民主國家真的較愛好和平嗎？或在特定的條件下才愛好和平？一九七○、八○年代行為學派學者紛紛以歷史文獻紀錄資料進行統計學之實證研究，並提出結論：和平確實存在於民主與民主國家間，但是不會溢出擴及非民主國。「民主和平論」迅速發展出「區隔性和平」等理論架構，並引來許多批評，發生論爭。「民主和平論」雖然興起時間甚晚，但在外交實務領域上受到極大重視，主要是因為它符合美國的理想主義精神。以民主立國的世界超強美國深信，這世界上民主國家愈多，安全的保障就愈大，除了在冷戰期間以軍事結盟的方式保衛民主國家安全之外，並在冷戰結束後提出「擴大戰略」以推廣民主。對於「民主和平論」我們有必要加以注意與了解

带蒂眶隔内脂肪瓣牢固内固定在泪沟型眼袋治疗中的应用

目的探讨带蒂眶隔内脂肪瓣的牢固内固定在泪沟型眼袋畸形矫正术中的应用效果。方法对2018年1月至2021年3月期间，因眼袋伴泪沟凹陷畸形就诊于中山大学附属第三医院整形烧伤外科，并行泪沟型眼袋矫正术的81例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。该组病例根据患者具体情况选择外路法或内路法眼袋畸形矫正术，术中在轮匝肌下充分剥离至泪沟下方区域，将带蒂眶隔脂肪瓣牢固内固定于上颌骨前间隙及颧骨前间隙的骨膜或骨膜前脂肪上，外路法同时去除多余皮肤及眼轮匝肌矫正眼袋畸形。结果本组病例术后随访3~12个月，术后眼袋及泪沟凹陷畸形均得到明显改善，且达到眶下区年轻化的效果。其中2例术后淤血较重，1例发生单侧轻度眼睑外翻，1例出现单侧面中下部麻木， 3例内路法患者术后有异物感。上述症状均于2周至3月内消失；余患者无并发症发生。结论带蒂眶隔内脂肪瓣的牢固内固定应用于伴泪沟凹陷畸形的眼袋患者，减少了眶隔脂肪移位、回缩的风险，术后美容效果良好，并发症发生率低

草鱼出血病潜伏期和发展期的血液病理研究

草鱼种经人工感染呼肠孤病毒后进行了血液学和血液化学的检查。红血球、血浆总蛋白和尿素氮在感染4天的潜伏期鱼体内,发现显著的减少。当进入发展期(第8天),红血球、血红蛋白、血浆总蛋白和尿素氮的含量减少更明显。SLDH同工酶谱的相对活性在潜伏期和发展期病鱼的血清内出现紊乱现象,同时,在某些感染鱼的血清中,明显可见一条多出的区带。此病流行期间,早期的血液变化已经发生,某些生理变化已在红血球、血红蛋白、血浆总蛋白和尿素氮中得到反映,其含量的变化与人工感染组的结果相似。所测的血清钾含量明显增加;血清钙的含量明显减少