Kilogram Scale-up Preparation of Catalysts and its Reaction Process in Syngas Methanation

甲烷化催化剂是煤制合成天然气核心技术之一,因此研发合成气完全甲烷化催化剂具有重要意义。研究工作采用实验室小试共沉淀制备甲烷化催化剂的最佳工艺条件; 方法,进行单批次1、5和10; kg级(代号cat-1、cat-5、cat-10)催化剂的制备研究。研究了催化剂制备的控制因素和放大制备催化剂的反应性能及催化反应工艺条件。研究; 显示:催化剂制备的控制因素主要包括Na~+含量及晶型结构;放大制备催化剂具有良好的活性、操作稳定性和耐热性能,与小试制备催化剂具有较好的一致性;; 放大制备催化剂(cat-10)在所考察的还原温度、反应H_2/CO比和10000~40000; mL·h~(-1)*g_(cat)~(-1)反应空速范围内具有良好的甲烷化活性。研究结果表明,该研究单批次公斤级催化剂放大制备是成功的,为实现催; 化剂进一步放大制备提供了良好基础。Methanation catalysts play a vital role in the production of synthetic; natural gas (SNG) from coal. Based on bench-scale optimum; co-precipitation conditions of catalyst preparation, scale up; preparation of catalysts for syngas methanation with single batch of 1,; 5 and 10 kg is studied. Factors affecting catalyst; preparation/performance and scale-up were investigated. The results show; that Na~+ content and crystal structure of the catalysts are the; critical factors, and the catalysts prepared under scale-up conditions; possess excellent operation stability and heat resistance, with; consistent performance as those from bench-scale samples. The 10 kg; batch has good reaction activity under studied conditions. Therefore,; the scale-up preparation is successful for the methanation catalyst in; this study, which is useful for future scale-up preparation of related; catalysts

母鸡输卵管子宫部初级感觉神经元的CB-HRP法定位研究

应用CB-HRP溶液注入母鸡输卵管子宫部浆膜下,四甲基联苯胺(TMB)组织化学呈色,以探察母鸡输卵管子宫部初级感觉神经元的定位。结果表明:母鸡输卵管子宫部的初级感觉神经元位于双侧T1-LS13脊神经节、颈静脉神经节和结状神经节。标记细胞数分布不均,在体左侧多于体右侧,在脊神经节多于颈静脉神经节和结状神经节。在脊神经节内标记细胞有T5-LS1和LS8-LS11前后两个相对集中区,峰值分别在T7和LS11。说明尽管母鸡输卵管子宫部是单侧发育成熟脏器,但其感觉沿双侧脊神经和迷走神经传入中枢,以体左侧传入为主;

The invention relates to a precise solution mixing device based on monitoring feedback

本实用新型公开了一种基于监测反馈的溶液精准混匀设备，包括信号处理器，所述信号处理器上设置有两根信号线，其中一个所述信号线上设置有信号传感器，另一个所述信号线上设置有变频器，所述信号处理器及变频器上均设置有控制线，其中一个所述控制线上设置有T型电动三通，另一个所述控制线上设置有水泵A，所述水泵A上通过管道连接有逆止阀，所述逆止阀上通过管道连接有三通管。本实用新型通过采用单进水口控制，即维持一个进水口恒定流量，只调节另一个进水口流量，控制逻辑上更简单。改定量控制为特征传感器实时反馈调节控制，流量控制动作迅速，浑水效率高，因而混水箱构造简单，体积更小，适合野外工况下工作

GaAs/GaAlAs量子阱双色红外探测器的光电性质的研究

综述了有关新型的GaAs/AlGaAs体系双色量子阱红外探测器的结构特性和光电特性的研究工作，双色探测器工作在3～5μm及8～12μm大气窗口波段范围，是光伏响应模式和光导响应模式相结合的偏压控制型两端器件，研究内容包括探测器的器件结构特性、红外光吸收特性、红外光电流响应、暗电流、噪声特性和探测率测试分析等等。首次从理论和实验两方面探讨有关量子阱束缚子能带到扩展态中不同虚能级之间的光跃迁问题及光电子输运问题

GaAs/GaAlAs中红外量子阱探测器和双色量子阱红外探测器

报道GaAs/GaAlAs中红外(3～5μm)量子阱探测器和双色量子阱红外探测器的制备和性能。GaAs/GaAlAs中红外量子阱探测器是光伏型,探测峰值波长为5.3μm,85K下的500K黑体探测率为3.0×10~9cm·Hz~(1/2)/W,峰值探测率达到5×10~(11)cm·Hz~(1/2)/W,阻抗为50MΩ。GaAs/GaAlAs双色量子阱红外探测器是偏压控制型的两端器件,在零偏压下该探测器仅在3～5μm波段有响应,响应峰值波长为5.3μm,85K温度下550K黑体探测率为3.0×10~9cm·Hz~(1/2)/W,当偏压为2V时,该探测器的响应切换到8～12μm波段,峰值响应波长为9.0μm,85K温度下的黑体探测率为1.0×10~9cm·Hz~(1/2)/W

北方草甸和草甸草原生态恢复的理论、技术与实践

草地是主要的陆地生态系统类型之一,全球草地总面积占陆地面积的22%—25%~([1])。草地不但是重要的牧草生产基地,每年提供25—30亿吨干物质,而且是最主要的陆地碳库,草地生态系统碳储量约650—810 PgC,占全球陆地生态系统的37%,其中90%以上储存在土壤中~([2-5])。草地也是受人类干扰最剧烈的自然生态系统之一,尤其是开垦和放牧活动,对草地生态系统产生了深刻的影响。同时,草地生态系统大多位于干旱半干旱地区,对气候变化比较敏感,是

北方草甸退化草地治理技术与示范

国家重点研发计划"北方草甸退化草地治理技术与示范"项目(2016YFC0500600),重点针对我国草甸和草甸草原生态系统所受干扰强度大、退化机理错综复杂、恢复机制及有效治理技术缺乏等问题,从"十三五"规划有关"美丽中国"、"绿色发展"与"生态文明"建设的战略需求出发,着重开展草地退化恢复机理、恢复治理技术、生态产业技术创新应用等三个方面的研究,创建可复制、可移植、系统性的综合治理技术及新型生态产业技术,提出草甸退化草地治理的整套技术方案,为我国草牧业与生态环境和谐发展、牧民稳定增收提供技术支撑

Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: In most western industrialised countries, second generation (atypical) antipsychotics are recommended as first line drug treatments for people with schizophrenia. In this review we specifically examine how the efficacy and tolerability of one such agent - aripiprazole - differs from that of other comparable second generation antipsychotics. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of aripiprazole compared with other atypical antipsychotics for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (November 2011), inspected references of all identified studies for further trials, and contacted relevant pharmaceutical companies, drug approval agencies and authors of trials for additional information. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing aripiprazole (oral) with oral and parenteral forms of amisulpride, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone or zotepine for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychoses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data independently. For dichotomous data we calculated risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on an intention-to-treat basis based on a random-effects model. Where possible, we calculated illustrative comparative risks for primary outcomes. For continuous data, we calculated mean differences (MD), again based on a random-effects model. We assessed risk of bias for each included study. MAIN RESULTS: We included 12 trials involving 6389 patients. Aripiprazole was compared to olanzapine, risperidone and ziprasidone. All trials were sponsored by an interested drug manufacturer. The overall number of participants leaving studies early was 30% to 40%, limiting validity (no differences between groups).When compared with olanzapine no differences were apparent for global state (no clinically important change: n = 703, 1 RCT, RR short-term 1.00 95% CI 0.81 to 1.22; n = 317, 1 RCT, RR medium-term 1.08 95% CI 0.95 to 1.22) but mental state tended to favour olanzapine (n = 1360, 3 RCTs, MD total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) 4.68 95% CI 2.21 to 7.16). There was no significant difference in extrapyramidal symptoms (n = 529, 2 RCTs, RR 0.99 95% CI 0.62 to 1.59) but fewer in the aripiprazole group had increased cholesterol levels (n = 223, 1 RCT, RR 0.32 95% CI 0.19 to 0.54) or weight gain of 7% or more of total body weight (n = 1095, 3 RCTs, RR 0.39 95% CI 0.28 to 0.54).When compared with risperidone, aripiprazole showed no advantage in terms of global state (n = 384, 2 RCTs, RR no important improvement 1.14 95% CI 0.81 to 1.60) or mental state (n = 372, 2 RCTs, MD total PANSS 1.50 95% CI -2.96 to 5.96).One study compared aripiprazole with ziprasidone (n = 247) and both the groups reported similar change in the global state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD average change in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score -0.03 95% CI -0.28 to 0.22) and mental state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD change PANSS -3.00 95% CI -7.29 to 1.29).When compared with any one of several new generation antipsychotic drugs the aripiprazole group showed improvement in global state in energy (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.69 95% CI 0.56 to 0.84), mood (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.77 95% CI 0.65 to 0.92), negative symptoms (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.82 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99), somnolence (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.80 95% CI 0.69 to 0.93) and weight gain (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.84 95% CI 0.76 to 0.94). Significantly more people given aripiprazole reported symptoms of nausea (n = 2881, 3 RCTs, RR 3.13 95% CI 2.12 to 4.61) but weight gain (7% or more of total body weight) was less common in people allocated aripiprazole (n = 330, 1 RCT, RR 0.35 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64). Aripiprazole may have value in aggression but data are limited. This will be the focus of another review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Information on all comparisons are of limited quality, are incomplete and problematic to apply clinically. Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic drug with a variant but not absent adverse effect profile. Long-term data are sparse and there is considerable scope for another update of this review as new data emerges from the many Chinese studies as well as from ongoing larger, independent pragmatic trials