洗剤成分によるアルカリプロテアーゼの活性上昇

In the presence of 15 detergent components, the activities of alkali proteases in pure and product forms have been studied. It was found that components such as Na_2SO_4 and sodium dodecy 1-benzensulfonate reduce the activity, while nonionic surfactants and oxidation bleaching agents enhance the activity sizably. The kinetic mechanism of the enhancement by nonionic surfactants is discussed in terms of the decreased dissociation constants between the enzyme/micelle complex and substrate, casein. The enhancement of the activities of alkali proteases by oxidation bleaching agents, namely, sodium perborate, sodium percarbonate and hydrogen peroxide has been studied by the modified casein-Folin method and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). It was found that casein is degraded by the oxidizing agents to fragments with ca. 10,000 dalton, which are hydrolysed to smaller fragments by the enzyme, faster than casein itself. These investigations suggest importance of investigating the enzyme activities under the practical conditions they are used

木材の変退色とその防止 : (2)フェードメーター試験

We have been studying discoloration of wood by "Weather-meter" test. In which, specimens were exposed to sunshine carbon arc continuously and water spray temporary. Results were published in the previous papers. In this paper, discoloration of wood by "Fade-meter" test were conducted in which specimens were exposed in the same apparatus as above but without water spray. 14 kinds of plane surfaced specimens (including sapwood-heartwood discrimination in 3 species) were prepared. Effects of acrylic clear coating were also investigated in this test. Brief results were as follows. (1) Difference of the result from former test is that, specimens became darker and darker contrary to the former test in which test pieces turned to "silver grey" at a certain extent. (2) Chromaticness increased in accordance with the test procedure. (3) Lighter colored species like HINOKI (Japanese cypress) apt to become darker compared with more chromatic species like SUGI (Japanese cedar). (4) Acrylic coating seems to be slightly effective to prevent discoloration both for softwood and hardwood

都市広場の造型に関する研究 : 広場の形態学的把握方法の提案について

This report is the explanation about the application of automatical graphic method which draws the square space in the road of city plan. And it\u27s also the proposal of grasping form of city square from the road space of city plan. The application method makes clear of the construction of city plan by drawing the graph of square structure. This method will lead the classification on road pattern of the city

PHOTODEGRADATION OF LINEN BY SUNLIGHT

セルロースの劣化機構を解明することを最終目的として,アンダーグラス屋外暴露試験台を用いて3年5ケ月間,麻布を太陽光に暴露し,暴露期間の異なる麻布試料について酸化度(カルボキシル基,ケトン基およびアルデヒド基量),セルロースの重合度,結晶化度,微結晶粒の幅と長さおよび機械的性質を測定した。この結果,暴露初期では,カルボニル基,特に,アルデヒド基は著しく増加したが,その後減少することが明らかになった。一方,重合度および強度は,受光量の増加と共にほぼ単調に低下した。また,セルロースの微結晶粒の幅には明らかな変化は認められなかったが,長さは受光量の増加と共に減少していたことから,劣化反応は,繊維表面から内部へというよりむしろ,繊維軸に沿って進行していることが予想された。In order to elucidate the mechanism of degradation of cellulosic fibers, linens have been exposed to sunlight on an underglass-exposure-rack for 3 years and 5 months and changes of their properties have been investigated as a function of incident sunlight energies. Carbonyl groups, especially aldehyde groups, increased remarkably in the samples after early exposure times, while carboxyl groups were not observed to increase. Degree of polymerization (D. P.) decreased with an increase in light energy and became less than 1/6 of the value of the unexposed control at the incident UV light energy of ca. 900 Mj/m^2. These facts suggest that degradative reactions including oxidation took place at glycosidic bonds as well as hydroxyl groups of cellulose to cause scission of the molecular chains. Their crystallite size of longitudinal dimension decreased markedly at first and then only slowly, while the size of their lateral dimension and crystallinity index remained almost unchanged. These results indicate that the degaradation did not proceed from the surface to the inner of the fibers, but proceeded longitudinally. The tensile strength monotonously decreased until ca. 4% of the value of the unexposed control

イソシアナート化合物による羊毛の処理とその機械的性質への影響

Wool fibers were treated with cyclohexyl and α -naphthyl isocyanates (designated as CI and NI, respectively) in N, N-dimethylformamide, and their contents of cystine and cysteine and the effects of these treatments on several mechanical properties were investigated. Treatments with CI and NI were found to have very little effect on the contents of cystine and cysteine. Treatments with phenyl isocyanate, phenyl glycidyl ether, CI and NI were found to affect on the extention set of wool fibers. The tensile strength under standard conditions was decreased, and the young\u27s modulus and toughness in water were increased by these treatments