Ultrafast optical manipulation of atomic arrangements in chalcogenide alloy memory materials

A class of chalcogenide alloy materials that shows significant changes in optical properties upon an amorphous-to-crystalline phase transition has lead to development of large data capacities in modern optical data storage. Among chalcogenide phase-change materials, Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) is most widely used because of its reliability. We use a pair of femtosecond light pulses to demonstrate the ultrafast optical manipulation of atomic arrangements from tetrahedral (amorphous) to octahedral (crystalline) Ge-coordination in GST superlattices. Depending on the parameters of the second pump-pulse, ultrafast nonthermal phase-change occurred within only few-cycles (~ 1 ps) of the coherent motion corresponding to a GeTe4 local vibration. Using the ultrafast switch in chalcogenide alloy memory could lead to a major paradigm shift in memory devices beyond the current generation of silicon-based flash-memory.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in Optics Expres

High spatiotemporal resolution Raman and surfaceenhanced Raman spectroscopy for living cells and electrochemical systems

光谱检测对“更快（时间分辨率）、更高（空间分辨率）、更强（信号）”的追求从未停止。细胞和电化学表面由于其体系分子浓度低，分子环境复杂，一直是光谱检测的最大挑战体系之一。 细胞是一个动态的非均质系统，不断与环境发生物质和能量交换。细胞的基本生命活动过程是一个时刻发生快速变化和具有显著空间差异的过程，这一过程变化又是由构成它们的生物活性分子如蛋白质的构象、分布、相互作用等动态变化决定的。对于细胞生命活动的认识就是要建立在对细胞中这些活性分子动态变化认识的基础之上。这不仅要求检测表征技术有足够高的灵敏度达到单分子单细胞水平，而且要有更高的空间分辨和时间分辨，实现分子组成、结构、分布变化的动力学过程...The pursuit of “faster (time resolution), higher (spatial resolution) and stronger (signal)” is never stop for the spectroscopy. The spectroscopic study of living cell and electrochemical surface is a quite challenge because of the low concentration and complex molecules system. Cell, is the basic structural and functional unit of live organisms. It is a highly dynamic and heterogeneous system un...学位：理学博士院系专业：化学化工学院_物理化学学号：2052011015374

Study on the System Design of Sales of Immovable Properties “To replace the business tax with a VAT”

世界上有200多个国家实行增值税税制，增值税具有税基广泛、财政收入稳定等特点。为了实现产业的战略转型，需要现代化的增值税税制，我国在“十二五”期间将进一步扩大增值税的征收范围。2015年，房地产行业将面临“营改增”的转型，销售不动产是房地产企业主营业务的重要组成，这部分的税收收入也是地方税收的重要来源之一。此次税制改革的目的是为了减轻企业负担、实现产业升级，目前与房地产行业有关的建筑业、金融业“营改增”尚未完成，本文通过分析销项和抵扣项目计算销售不动产的实际税负，讨论如何征收销售新建不动产的增值税。 本文研究思路是采用实证的方法从定性和定量的角度分别讨论如何征收销售不动产的增值税。定性分析方...At present, almost 200 countries all over the world levy value added tax. The advantage of value added tax is that it can ensure fiscal revenues and meanwhile keep the neutrality of tax. In the past few years , from production type value added tax to consumption type value added tax, China has been reforming its tax system and is expending the cover of substitute of value added tax for business ta...学位：税务硕士院系专业：经济学院_税务硕士学号：1552013115192

Control of carrier transport in GaAs by longitudinal-optical phonon-carrier scattering using a pair of laser pump pulses

We demonstrate optical control of the LO phonon-plasmon coupled (LOPC) modes in GaAs by using a femtosecond pump-pulse pair. The relaxation time of the plasmon-like LOPC mode significantly depends on the separation time (\Delta t) of the pump-pulse pair. Especially it is maximized when \Delta t becomes simultaneously comparable to the half period of the longitudinal optical (LO) phonon oscillation and resonant to the 3/4 period of the plasmon-like LOPC oscillation. We attribute these observations to the modification of carrier-LO phonon scattering and ballistic motion of the plasmon-like LOPC mode.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Journal of Applied Physic

Conflict and Coordination between Freedom of Religious Belief and Military Service Obligation ——With a Related Discussion on the Interpretation of Constitutionality of Article 3 of the Military Service Act

宗教信仰自由和服兵役义务的冲突问题，已成为不同法律体系都无法回避的问题，不同国家和地区对该问题有着不同的处理方式。德国等欧洲国家在本国宪法中规定了替代役制度，拒服兵役者可以转服替代役。美国虽未在宪法中规定替代役制度，但是，当二者发生冲突时，总体上会豁免公民的服兵役义务而保护公民的宗教信仰自由。我国台湾和韩国则在二者发生冲突时，选择服兵役的义务优先，即使侵犯公民的宗教信仰自由也在所不惜。欧洲人权法院和人权委员会不承认公民有拒服替代役的权利，但判决对拒服替代役者的处罚违反比例原则，这反映出间接承认该项权利的倾向。从全世界范围来看，台湾和韩国的解决模式仅仅属于特例，允许良心反战者基于宗教信仰而服替代...Different legal systems can not avoid the conflict between the freedom of religious belief and the obligation of military service, different countries and regions have different ways to deal with this problem. Germany and other European countries prescribe substitute military service in the constitution, the conscientious person can serve substitute military service. Although the United States doe...学位：法学硕士院系专业：法学院_宪法学与行政法学学号：1362015115097

Coherent phonon induced optical modulation in semiconductors at terahertz frequencies

The coherent modulation of electronic and vibrational nonlinearities in atoms and molecular gases by intense few-cycle pulses has been used for high-harmonic generation in the soft X-ray and attosecond regime, as well as for Raman frequency combs that span multiple octaves from the Terahertz to Petahertz frequency regions. In principle, similar high-order nonlinear processes can be excited efficiently in solids and liquids on account of their high nonlinear polarizability densities. In this paper, we demonstrate the phononic modulation of the optical index of Si and GaAs for excitation and probing near their direct band gaps, respectively at ~3.4 eV and ~3.0 eV. The large amplitude coherent longitudinal optical polarization due to the excitation of longitudinal optical (LO) phonon of Si (001) and LO phonon-plasmon coupled modes in GaAs (001) excited by 10-fs laser pulses induces effective amplitude and phase modulation of the reflected probe light. The combined action of the amplitude and phase modulation in Si and GaAs generates phonon frequency combs with more than 100 and 60 THz bandwidth, respectively.Comment: 15 pages, 11 figure

Study on European Diplomacy---A Case study of EU Delegations

欧盟作为国际舞台上一个超国家行为体，在地区及全球事务中影响显著。作为欧盟对外政策实施的政策工具之一，欧盟驻外代表机构在这一过程中发挥着重要的作用。 尽管如此国内外学术界对欧盟驻外代表机构的研究如后详述呈现出：国外学术界缺少系统性，客观性的研究、国内学术界则缺少研究关注等特点。鉴于这一研究现状，本文以欧盟驻外代表机构为研究对象，系统地对其产生，发展以及现状予以分析，在此基础上探讨了影响其发展的内外因素，并对其在当代外交实践中的意义予以了总结。As a supranational actor in the international stage, the European Union plays an important role on world affairs. And as one of the policy tools, The EU’s delegations play an important role in this process. But the domestic and foreign academic circles’ study on European Union Delegations presents the following flaws: lack of systematic and objective research. In the domestic academic circle, the...学位：法学硕士院系专业：南洋研究院_国际关系学号：2552013115227

Interventional Studies on Temporary Employees of University from the Perspective of Empowerment Theory-Interventional Analysis Based on Two Cases of Z University

随着在校生的不断增加，高校的教职工和管理人员的规模也越来越大，高校临时工人数呈逐年上升的趋势。高校临时工大规模存在于学校后勤、保卫处、图书馆、学院和机关部处等部门。高校临时工的增加，使得其管理问题成为高校发展的一个重点问题。本文试着从高校临时工的特点和现状出发，对当前高校临时工存在的几个主要问题进行总结，并从高校临时工自身和管理者两个角度来分析和解决他们的问题。 本研究从一个社会工作者的角度，选取Z大学X保安和W职工两个个案做为研究对象，运用增能理论作为主要的介入和分析视角。通过对案主的工作和生活的状况、以及在工作中所遇到问题进行分析，描述高校临时工的弱势状况及原因。借助个案工作的方法对两个...As university students increase continuously, scale of university teachers and administrative staff is getting larger and larger. Meanwhile, the number of temporary employees of university has got a rise trend year by year. With the increase of temporary employees , widely distributed in Logistic Affairs Department, Security Department, Library, Colleges and other administrative departments, the ...学位：法学硕士院系专业：公共事务学院_社会工作硕士学号：1402014115053