5 research outputs found
ไธๅ็ๆบๆฐดๆบซๅฐ็ช่่็่ฒไนๅฝฑ้ฟ
No full textๆฌ็ ็ฉถไปฅ'่ฑ่ฎไบ่ฌไบ่'็ช่็บๆๆ๏ผ่ชฟๆฅไธๅๆฐดๆบซใๆคๆ ช้จไฝใๅทๆฐด็ๆบๆ้ๅฐ็ช่่็ฎๅๆๆๅๅ
ถๅ่ณชไนๅฝฑ้ฟ๏ผๅ
ถ็ฎ็็บๅปบ็ซๅทๆฐด็ๆบ็ฎๅ็ช่่ไน็ณป็ตฑ๏ผไปฅไฝ็บ็จฎ่็ขๆฅญไนๆ็จ็ๅ่ไพๆ๏ผไธฆไฝ็บๆทฑๅ
ฅ็ ็ฉถ็ฎๅ่ไนๅบ็ค่ณ่จใ่ฉฆ้ฉ็ตๆ้กฏ็คบ็ถ็ๆบๆฐดๆบซ่ผๅฎคๆบซๆฐดๆไฝ(5ยฐC)ๆๆ้ซ(65ยฐC)ๅๅฏๆๅถ็ช่่่ไผธ้ท๏ผไปฅๅทๆฐด่็(5ยฐC)่ฝ็ฒๅพ่ผ้ซ่็กฌๅบฆ(g/mm)ๅๅฃฏ่ๆๆธ(seedhng index;ๅฐไธ้จไนพ็ฉ้/ๆ ช้ซๆฏๅผ)ไน็ช่่ใๅทๆฐด่็ไธป่ฆๆๅถ็ช่่ไน้จไฝ็บ็ฌฌไธ็ฏ้่้ทใๅทๆฐด็ๆบๆ้ๆผๆฏๆฅๆธ
ๆจ(8:00)้ฒ่ก่ผไธญๅ(13:00)ๅไธๅ(16:00)่ฝๅค ็ฒๅพๆด็ฎไนๆคๆ ช;ๆฏๆฅๆคๆ ชๆๅคง็้ท้็็บๅคๆ่ณๆธ
ๆจๆ้ใๅทๆฐด่็ๅ้ฑๅพ๏ผ็ฎๅๆคๆ ช็ๆๆๆไฝณ๏ผไธๅทๆฐด่็ไนๆบซๅบฆๆไฝๆ่็ๆ็บๆ้ๆ้ท๏ผ็ฎๅๆคๆ ชๆๆๆๆ้กฏใๅทๆฐดๆพๆฝ่ณๆ ฝๅนไป่ณชๅ
ง๏ผไป่ณชๅๆบซ่ฝๅค ๅจ60-90็งๅ
ง้่ณๆไฝ้ป๏ผๅๆบซๅๅพฉ่ณๆญฃๅธธๆบซๅบฆ็ด้60ๅ้;่ๆบซ้ไธๆบซ่ฎๅ็จๅบฆๅคงไธ่็ๅๆบซๆ้่ผไป่ณช็บ็ญใ็ถๅไธ่ฟฐ็ตๆ้กฏ็คบ5ยฐCๅทๆฐด็ๆบ่ฝๅค ๆๆ็็ฎๅ็ช่่ๅๆๅ็จฎ่ๅ่ณช๏ผๅฏไฝ็บ็จฎ่็ขๆฅญไนๅ่ๅๆ็จใIn this study,โHwalien Yasu No.5'tomato was used to study the effects of different temperatures of irrigation water, parts of plant, timing of irrigation on the shortening and quality of plg-seedling. The purposes of this study were to establish the cold-water irrigation system for plug-seedlings production, and to provide the basic knowledge of shortening seedling for advanced study.
The results indicated that shortest seedling was found in the seeding irrigated with the lowest (5โC) or highest (65โC) water temperature.However, highest stem strength and seedling index was only found in the seedling irrigated with the 5โC water. Decrease in the length of first internode was primary responsible for the shortening seedling by cold-water irrigation.Irrigation of cold water at the morning (8:00) or evening (16:00) showed the best results in shortening seedling. After the cold water irrigation, the soil temperature drop to minimum within 60 to 90 sec, and recovered to the room temperature after 60 min. Longer period of cold-water irrigation and lower the cold-water temperature resulted shorter the seedlings. In conclusion, cold-water irrigation system for plug-seedlings production could apply in the commercial usages
Studies on the mechanisms of reduction of stem elongation by cold water irrigation in tomato seedlings.
No full textๆฌ่ฉฆ้ฉ้ธ็จ่ฒ่้็จไธญๆ็ผ็ๅพ้ท็พ่ฑกไน็ช่็บ่ฉฆ้ฉๆๆ๏ผๆข่จๅทๆฐด็ๆบๆนๅผๅฐๆๅ็ฉด็ค่ๅ่ณชไนๅฝฑ้ฟ๏ผๅๆค็ฉ่ท็พ่ๅจๅทๆฐดๆๅถ่ๅพ้ทไธๆๆฎๆผ็้้ต่ชฟๆง่ง่ฒใๆฌ็ ็ฉถ่็ฑๆพ็ไธๅๆฐดๆบซไน็ๆบๆฐด๏ผไปฅ็ขบ่ชๅทๆฐด็ๆบๅจๆๅถๅนผ่ๅพ้ทๆน้ขไนๆๆ๏ผ้ฒ่ๅฉ็จๅคๅ ็้ท่ชฟๅๆนๅผๆจกๆฌๅทๆฐด็ๆบๆๆ๏ผๆฏ่ผๆ ช้ซใ็ดฐ่ๅๆ
ๅๆค็ฉ่ท็พ่็ๅๆไน้้ต้
ต็ด ๅบๅ ่กจ็พ็่ฎๅใๆๅพไปฅๆค็ฉ่ท็พ่็ๅๆๅบๅ ็ช่ฎไนๆคๆ ชไพ้ฉ่ญๅทๆฐด็ๆบ็ฎๅ็ช่่ไน็่ซ๏ผๆๆ่ฝๅฐๅทๆฐด็ๆบ็ฎๅ็ช่่ไนๆฉๅถๆไธๆทฑๅ
ฅ็็ญ่งฃใๆฌ็ ็ฉถ็ฎ็๏ผ็บๅปบ็ซๅทๆฐด็ๆบ็ฎๅ็ช่่ไน็ณป็ตฑ๏ผไปฅไฝ็บ็จฎ่็ขๆฅญๆ็จไนๅ่ไพๆ๏ผๅๆข่จๆค็ฉ่ท็พ่ๅจ่ชฟๆงๅทๆฐด็ๆบ็ฎๅ็ช่่ไนๆฉๅถใ
ๆฏ่ผไธๅๆฐดๆบซๅฐ็ช่ๅ็จฎโฒ่ฑ่ฎไบ่ฌไบ่โฒ็ฉด็ค่ๆคๆ ช็่ฒๅฝฑ้ฟไน่ฉฆ้ฉ็ตๆ้กฏ็คบ็ถ็ๆบๆฐดๆบซ่ผๅฎคๆบซๆฐดไฝๆ้ซๅๅฏๆๅถ็ช่่่ไผธ้ท๏ผไปฅๅทๆฐด่็(5โ)่ฝ็ฒๅพ่ผ้ซ่ๅผทๅบฆๅๅฃฏ่ๆๆธ(ๅฐไธ้จไนพ็ฉ้/ๆ ช้ซๆฏๅผ)ไน็ช่่ใๅทๆฐด่็ไธป่ฆๆๅถๆคๆ ช้จไฝ็บ็ฌฌไธ็ฏ้่้ทใๅทๆฐด็ๆบๆ้ๆผๆฏๆฅๆธ
ๆจ8๏ผ00้ฒ่ก่ผไธญๅ13๏ผ00ๅไธๅ16๏ผ00่ฝๅค ็ฒๅพๆด็ฎไนๆคๆ ช๏ผๆฏๆฅๆคๆ ชๆๅคง็้ท้็ๅบ็พๆ้็บๅคๆ่ณๆธ
ๆจๆ้ใๅทๆฐด่็ไธ้ฑ๏ผ็ฎๅๆคๆ ช็ๆๆๆไฝณ๏ผไธๅทๆฐด่็ไนๆบซๅบฆๆไฝๆ่็ๆ็บๆ้ๆ้ท๏ผ็ฎๅๆคๆ ชๆๆๆๆ้กฏใๅทๆฐดๆพ็่ณๆ ฝๅนไป่ณชๅ
ง๏ผไป่ณชๅๆบซ่ฝๅค ๅจ60-90็งๅ
ง้่ณๆไฝ้ป๏ผๅๆบซๅๅพฉ่ณๆญฃๅธธๆบซๅบฆ็ด้60ๅ้๏ผ่ๆบซ่ผๅๆบซ่ฎๅ็จๅบฆๅคงไธ่็ๅๆบซๆ้่ผไป่ณช็บ็ญใ
ไปฅๅทๆฐด(5โ)ๅๆบซๆฐด(็ด25โ)็ๆบ็ช่่๏ผไธฆๅดๆฝไธๅ็จฎ้กๅๆฟๅบฆ็้ท่ชฟ็ฏๅๆจกๆฌๅทๆฐด็ๆบ็ฎๅ็ช่่ๆๆใไบ็จฎไธป่ฆๆค็ฉ็้ท่ชฟ็ฏๅauxinใcytokininใGAsใไน็ฏๅABAไธญๅชๆGAsๅไน็ฏ่็่ฝๅค ๆน่ฎ็ช่่่้ท๏ผๅ่
ไฟ้ฒ่ไผธ้ท๏ผๅพ่
ๆๅถ่ไผธ้ทใๅด็GAs่ฅๅๆ้ไฝๅทๆฐด็ๆบไนๅฃฏ่ๆๆธๅผๅ่็ถ ็ด ๅซ้่ณ้กไผผๆบซๆฐด็ๆบ๏ผๅด็ไน็ฏ่ฅๅ้ๅฏๆๅถๆบซๆฐด็ๆบไน่ไผธ้ทไฝๅ
ถๅฃฏ่ๆๆธๅ่็ถ ็ด ๅซ้ๅปๅไธ้่ถจๅข๏ผ่ๅทๆฐด็ๆบ็ตๆไธๅใ้ฒไธๆญฅไปฅPP333 (GAs็ๅๆๆๅถๅ)ๆSTS (ไน็ฏ็ๅๆๆๅถๅ)ไพๆถ้คGAsๆไน็ฏๆๆ๏ผ็ฑๅฃฏ่ๆๆธๅ่็ถ ็ด ๅซ้่ฎๅๅพ็ฅ๏ผๅด็PP333่ฅๅๅฏๆๅถๆบซๆฐด็ๆบไนๆ ช้ซใๆๅๆบซๆฐด็ๆบๆๅทๆฐด็ๆบๅ GAs่็ไนๅฃฏ่ๆๆธๅผๅ่็ถ ็ด ๅซ้่ณ้กไผผๅทๆฐด็ๆบ๏ผไฝๅด็STSๆIAA (ไน็ฏ่ชๅฐๅ)่็็กๆณๆๅๅทๆฐด็ๆบไนๆ ช้ซๆไฟ้ฒๅทๆฐด็ฎๅๆคๆ ชๆๆใ
ไปฅๅ
ๅญธ้กฏๅพฎ้กๅๆๆๅผ้ปๅญ้กฏๅพฎ้ก่งๅฏ็ต็นใ็ดฐ่ๅๆ
่ฎๅไน็ตๆ้กฏ็คบๅทๆฐด็ๆบ่็็ช่่๏ผ้กฏ่ๆธๅฐ็ฌฌไธ็ฏ้ไน่้จ็็ดฐ่้ทๅบฆ๏ผๅฐ็ดฐ่ๆธ็ฎๅ็ดฐ่ๅฏฌๅบฆๅ็กๅฝฑ้ฟใๆบซๆฐด่็(25โ)ๆคๆ ชๅๆๅดๆฝ10 ppm PP333ๆ53 ppm ethephonๅ่ฝๆๅถ่้ท่ณ้กไผผๅทๆฐด่็็ๆๆ๏ผไฝไปฅๅดๆฝPP333่็ไน่้จ็ดฐ่้ทๅบฆใ้ทๅบฆ/ๅฏฌๅบฆๆฏๅผใ่็ไนๆฐฃๅญๅฏๅบฆใๆต็็ต็น็ทๅฏ็จๅบฆ่ๅทๆฐด่็้กไผผ๏ผๅดๆฝethephon่็ไน็ดฐ่ๅๆ
่ๅทๆฐด่็ไธๅใ5โ+50 ppm GAๆ25โ+PP333+GA่็ๅ่ฝไฟ้ฒ่้จ็ดฐ่้ทๅบฆใ้ทๅบฆ/ๅฏฌๅบฆๆฏๅผใ่็ไนๆฐฃๅญๅฏๅบฆใๆต็็ต็น็ทๅฏ็จๅบฆ่ณ้กไผผๅฎคๆบซๆฐด่็็ๆๆ๏ผ5โ+STS่็็กๆณๆน่ฎ็ดฐ่ๅๆ
่ณ้กไผผๅฎคๆบซๆฐด่็็ๆๆใ
็ช่่ๅด็ๅ็จฎ็้ท่ชฟ็ฏๅ(auxinใcytokininใGAsใPP333ใไน็ฏๅABA)่็๏ผๅจ้้ตGA็ๅๆไน3ฮฒ-hydroxylaseๅ20-oxidase mRNA่กจ็พไธ๏ผไปฅGA็ๅๆๆๅถๅPP333่็็ตๆ้ซ๏ผๅทๆฐด็ๆบๆ้กฏ้ซๆผๅฎคๆบซๆฐด็ๆบใไน็ฏ็ๅๆไนACC synthaseๅACC oxidase mRNA่กจ็พไธ๏ผไปฅethephon่็็ต่ผ้ซๅค๏ผๅ
ถ้ค็้ท่ชฟ็ฏๅ่็็กๆ้กฏๅทฎ็ฐ๏ผไธไธๅๆฐดๆบซ่็ไนๅทฎ็ฐไบฆไธๆ้กฏใPP333ๆethephon่็ๅๅฏๆๅถ็ช่่่้ท่ณ้กไผผๅทๆฐด็ๆบ๏ผไฝๅ
ถๅฝฑ้ฟ3ฮฒ-hydroxylaseๅ20-oxidase mRNA่กจ็พๆจกๅผๆฏไธๅ็ใๆฏ่ผๅด็STS่็ไน3ฮฒ-hydroxylaseใ20-oxidaseใACC synthaseๅACC oxidase ๅบๅ ่กจ็พๆจกๅผ๏ผ้กฏ็คบไน็ฏ็ๅๆๅจๅทๆฐด็ๆบ่ๅฎคๆบซๆฐด็ๆบ็็ช่่ๆฏๆฒๆๅทฎ็ฐใ
ไปฅๅทๆฐด(5โ)ๅๅฎคๆบซๆฐด(็ด25โ)็ๆบไธๅ็ช่ฎ็จฎ(Nrใepiใgib-3)ๅๅ
ถ้็็จฎ(PearsonใVFN8ใMoney maker)ไน็ช่ๅนผ่ไน่ฉฆ้ฉ็ตๆ้กฏ็คบ๏ผๅทๆฐด็ๆบ่ฝๅค ๆๅถNrใPearsonใVFN8ๅMoney maker็ญๅ็จฎ(็ณป)ไนๆ ช้ซ๏ผไฝๅฐๆผepiๅgib-3็ช่ฎ็จฎ็ๅฝฑ้ฟๅไธๆ้กฏ๏ผไบฆๅณไน็ฏ้้่กจ็พ(epi)ๅGA็ผบไน(gib-3)ๅ็กๅทๆฐดๆๅถ่้ท็็พ่ฑกใๅทๆฐด็ๆบๅ่ฝๅค ๆๅถๅๅ็จฎ(็ณป)ไน็ดฐ่้ทๅบฆ๏ผๅฏๅฐๆผgib-3็ช่ฎ็จฎ็กๆ้กฏๆๅถๆๆใๅจๆๆไพ่ฉฆๅ็จฎ(็ณป)๏ผๅทๆฐด็ๆบๅพไน3ฮฒ-hydroxylaseๅ20-oxidase mRNA่กจ็พ้ๅ่ผๅฎคๆบซๆฐด็ๆบ็บๅค๏ผไฝๆฏACC synthaseๅACC oxidase mRNA่กจ็พ้ๅๆฒๆๅทฎ็ฐใ้จๅคๅ GAsๆฟๅบฆๅขๅ ๏ผgib-3็ช่ฎ็จฎไนๆ ช้ซๅขๅ ๏ผ3ฮฒ-hydroxylaseๅ20-oxidase mRNA่กจ็พ้้ไฝ๏ผไฝACC synthaseๅACC oxidase mRNA่กจ็พ้ๅ็กๆ้กฏ่ฎๅใ็ถๅไธ่ฟฐ็ตๆๅพ็ฅ่ฅ็ช่ๆคๆ ชไนGA็ๅๆ็ช่ฎ(GAs็ๅๆ้ไฝ)๏ผๆคๆ ชๅฐไธๅๅๅทๆฐด็ๆบๅฝฑ้ฟๅ
ถๆ ช้ซๅ3ฮฒ-hydroxylase่20-oxidase่กจ็พ๏ผไฝไน็ฏ็ๅๆ็ช่ฎ(ๅขๅ ๆๆธๅฐ)ไปๅๅฐๅทๆฐด็ๆบๅฝฑ้ฟใๅ ๆญคๅทๆฐด็ฎๅ็ช่่ๆคๆ ชไนไฝ็จๆฉๅถๆฏ็ถ็ฑๆธๅฐGA้ไพ่ชฟๆง็ใ
็ถๅไธ่ฟฐ็ตๆ้กฏ็คบ5โๅทๆฐด็ๆบ่ฝๅค ๆๆ็็ฎๅๆคๆ ชๅๆๅ็จฎ่ๅ่ณช๏ผๅฏไฝ็บ็จฎ่็ขๆฅญไนๅ่ๅๆ็จใๅทๆฐด็ๆบไธป่ฆๆๅถๆคๆ ช้จไฝ็บ็ฌฌไธ็ฏ้็็ดฐ่้ทๅบฆๅฐ่ด่้ท่ฎ็ญใๅทๆฐด็ๆบ่ฝๅค ๆ้กฏๆๅถ็ช่่่้ท่GAs็ๅๆๅ้ป้ไฟๅฏๅ๏ผไน็ฏ็ๅๆๅจๅทๆฐด็ๆบ็ฎๅ็ช่่ๅๆไธไผผไนไธฆๆฒๆๆฎๆผ้่ฆ็่ง่ฒใThe purposes of this study were to establish the cold-water irrigation system for plug-seedlings production, and to reveal the possible mechanisms by which cold-water mediated the reduction of stem elongation in tomato seedlings.
The shortest seedlings were found in the seedlings irrigated with the lowest or highest water temperature. However, highest stem strength and seedling index were only found in the seedling irrigated with the 5โ water. Decrease in the length of first internode was primarily responsible for the shortening seedling by cold-water irrigation. Irrigation of cold water in the morning (8:00) or evening (16:00) showed the best results in shortening seedling. After the cold water irrigation, the soil temperature drop to minimum within 60 to 90 sec, and recovered to the room temperature after 60 min. Longer period of cold-water irrigation and lower the cold-water temperature resulted in shorter seedlings.
Significant reduction in the plant height and increases in the seedling index and chlorophyll contents were found in the seedlings irrigated with cold water. Among five major groups of plant hormones, only GAs and ethylene could promote or inhibit the stem elongation of tomato seedlings, respectively. Increase in the seedling index and chlorophyll contents by cold-water irrigation was inhibited by GAs application. Stem elongation induced by room-water irrigation was inhibited by ethylene application, but seedling index and chlorophyll contents were decreased. Furthermore, the PP333 and STS were applied to abolish the actions of GAs and ethylene, respectively. The results indicated that the PP333 could mimic the actions of cold-water on tomato seedlings for reduction of stem elongation, and increases in the seedling index and chlorophyll contents, but STS was fail to abolish the action of cold-water.
The results indicated that the significant decrease in the cell length of first internode was found in the tomato seedlings irrigated with cold water (5โ), and there were no changes in the cell numbers and cell width. Both pp333 (10 ppm) and ethephon (53 ppm) applications can cause the reduction of stem elongation of tomato seedlings at room temperature. The cellular morphological chacters, such as cell length, the ratio of cell length to width, stomata density, and compact palisade tissue in PP333-trteaded seedlings were similar to those in cold-water irrigated seedlings, but different from those in the ethephon-treated seedlings. Increases in cell length, the ratio of cell length to width, stomata density, and compact palisade tissue were found in the 5โ+GA-treated, 25โ+PP333+GA-treated, and cold-water irrigated seedlings, but not in the 5โ+STS-treated seedlings.
The expressions of 3ฮฒ-hydroxylase and 20-oxidase genes were higher in the cold-water irrigated seedlings than in the room-temperature irrigated seedlings, but declined after addition of GAs. Both PP333 and ethephon application could cause reduction of stem elongation in tomato seedlings, but had the different patterns in induction of the expressions of 3-hydroxylase and 20-oxidase genes. The results of effects of STS (silver thiosulphate) on the expression of 3ฮฒ-hydroxylase, 20-oxidase, ACC synthase, and ACC oxidase genes implied that there were no differences in the ethylene metabolism between cold-water irrigated and room-temperature irrigated seedlings.
The reduction of stem elongation was found in the Nr, Pearson, VFN8, and Money maker, but not in the epi and gib-3 after 3-weeks of cold-water irrigation, i.e. the inhibition of stem elongation caused by cold-water was not shown in the situations of ethylene over-expression (epi) and GA shortage (gib-3). Except gib-3, decreases in the cell length were found in all other varieties (lines). Increases in the expression of 3ฮฒ-hydroxylase and 20-oxidase genes were found in all varieties (lines) after cold-water irrigation, but not the expressions of ACC synthase and ACC oxidase genes. In responding to the increasing doses of GA, increases in plant height, and decreases in the transcripts of 3ฮฒ-hydroxylase and 20-oxidase genes were found in gib-3, but there were no differences in the transcripts of ACC synthase and ACC oxidase genes.
In conclusion, cold-water irrigation system for the production of plug-grown seedlings could be useful in the commercial application. Decrease in the cell length of first internode was primarily responsible for the reduction of stem elongation induced by cold-water irrigation. It is suggested that blocking GA metabolism, not ethylene, may be involved in the events of cold-water mediated reduction of stem elongation in tomato seedling.ไธญๆๆ่ฆโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโI
่ฑๆๆ่ฆโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโIV
็ท่จโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโVII
็ฌฌไธ็ซ ใ ๅไบบ็ ็ฉถโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ1-1
็ฌฌไบ็ซ ใ ไธๅๆฐดๆบซๅฐ็ช่่็่ฒไนๅฝฑ้ฟโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ2-1
ไธญๆๆ่ฆโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ2-1
่ฑๆๆ่ฆโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ2-2
ๅ่จโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ2-3
ๆๆ่ๆนๆณโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ2-6
็ตๆโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ2-9
่จ่ซโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ2-19
็ฌฌไธ็ซ ใ ็้ท่ชฟ็ฏๅๅจๅทๆฐด็ๆบ็ฎๅ็ช่ๅนผ่ไธๆฎๆผไน่ง่ฒโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ3-1
ไธญๆๆ่ฆโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ3-1
่ฑๆๆ่ฆโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ3-2
ๅ่จโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ3-3
ๆๆ่ๆนๆณโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ3-7
็ตๆโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ3-9
่จ่ซโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ3-19
็ฌฌๅ็ซ ใ ๅทๆฐด็ๆบๅ็้ท่ชฟ็ฏๅๅฐ็ช่่็ดฐ่ๅๆ
ไนๅฝฑ้ฟโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ4-1
ไธญๆๆ่ฆโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ4-1
่ฑๆๆ่ฆโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ4-2
ๅ่จโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ4-3
ๆๆ่ๆนๆณโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ4-6
็ตๆโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ4-9
่จ่ซโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ4-23
็ฌฌไบ็ซ ใ ๅทๆฐด็ๆบๅ็้ท่ชฟ็ฏๅๅฐ็ช่ไน3ฮฒ-hydroxylaseใ20-oxidaseใ
ACC synthaseๅACC oxidaseๅบๅ ่กจ็พไนๅฝฑ้ฟโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ5-1
ไธญๆๆ่ฆโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ5-1
่ฑๆๆ่ฆโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ5-2
ๅ่จโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ5-3
ๅไบบ็ ็ฉถโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ5-4
ๆๆ่ๆนๆณโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ5-13
็ตๆโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ5-17
่จ่ซโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ5-34
็ฌฌๅ
ญ็ซ ใ ๅทๆฐดๅฐ็ช่ฎ็จฎ็ช่่ไน็้ทใ็ดฐ่ๅๆ
ๅๅบๅ ่กจ็พไนๅฝฑ้ฟโโโโโโโ6-1
ไธญๆๆ่ฆโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ6-1
่ฑๆๆ่ฆโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ6-2
ๅ่จโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ6-3
ๅไบบ็ ็ฉถโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ6-4
ๆๆ่ๆนๆณโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ6-11
็ตๆโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ6-15
่จ่ซโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ6-30
็ต่ซโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ7-1
ๅ่ๆ็ปโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ7-
The assimilation and distribution of nitrogen in two peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars differing in market type
No full textๆฌ็ ็ฉถไนไธป่ฆ็ฎ็ๅจๆข่จ่ฝ่ฑ็ๅ็ซๅ๏ผVirginiaๅ๏ผๅ็ด็ซๅ๏ผSpanish ๅ๏ผๅ็จฎ
ๅจๆฐฎ็ด ๅธๆถ่ๅฉ็จไธไนๅทฎ็ฐใไพ่ฉฆๅ็จฎ็บ็ซๆไป๏ผVirginiaๅ๏ผๅๅฐๅ๏ผ๏ผ่๏ผSpan
-ishๅ๏ผใๅๅฅๅจๆฅใ็งไฝๅ
ง่ชฟๆฅ็ๆฎ็้ทๆ้๏ผๆคๆ ช็ก้
ธ้ไปฃ่ฌ๏ผๅบๆฐฎไปฃ่ฌ๏ผไปฅๅ
ๆคๆ ชๅ้จไฝๆฐฎ็ด ็ดฏ็ฉไน่ฎๅๆ
ๅฝขใ
่ฉฆ้ฉ็ตๆ้กฏ็คบ๏ผ็ก้
ธ้ๅไปฃ่ฌ่ๅบๆฐฎไปฃ่ฌๆดปๆง๏ผๆไฝๅๅ็จฎ้ๅๆๆ้กฏๅทฎ็ฐใๅฐฑ่็
็ก้
ธ้ๅ้
ต็ด ไนๅๆ่่จ็ซๆไป่ผๅฐๅ๏ผ๏ผ่็บ้ซใ็งไฝๆๆธฌๅพไน็ก้
ธ้ๅ้
ต็ด ๆดปๆง
๏ผไน่ผๆฅไฝ็บ้ซใ็ก้
ธ้ๅ้
ต็ด ๆดปๆง่่็๏ผๆ่ๆๅ
ง็ก้
ธ้นฝ้ขๅญๅซ้้ไน้ไฟๆฅต็บ
ๅฏๅใๅ ๆญค๏ผ็ก้
ธ้นฝ้ขๅญๅซ้๏ผ็ขบ็บ้ๅถ็ก้
ธ้ๅ้
ต็ด ๆดปๆงไน้่ฆๅ ๅญใๅบๆฐฎๆดปๆงไน
ไปฅ็ซๆไป่ผ้ซใไธ่ฌ่ชชไพ๏ผๅบๆฐฎ็ธฝๆดปๆงๅจR ๏ผๆๆ้ซ๏ผ้จๅพๅณ้ๅง้ไฝ๏ผ้ๅน
ๅไปฅ็ซ
ๆไป่ผๅด้ใ
็ฑๆผไพ่ฉฆๅ
ฉๅ็จฎๆคๆ ชๅจ็จฎๅญๅ
ๅฏฆๆ๏ผไป่ฝ็ถญๆ็ธ็ถ้ซ็ๅบๆฐฎไปฃ่ฌใๅ ๆญค๏ผๅฐฑๆคๆ ชๅฐๆฐฎ
็ด ไน้ๆฑ่่จ๏ผๅบๆฐฎไปฃ่ฌๆๆฏๆไธป่ฆไนไพๆไพๆบใ็ซๆไปๆคๆ ชๆ็ดฏ็ฉไนๆฐฎ็ด ๏ผ่ผๅฐๅ
๏ผ๏ผ่็บ้ซใๆญคๆ่จฑ่็ซๆไปๅ็จฎๆ่ผ้ซ็็ก้
ธ้ๅไปฃ่ฌๅๅบๆฐฎไปฃ่ฌๆดปๆงๆ้ใไฝ๏ผ
็ซๆไปๆ็ธ็ถๅคไนๆฐฎ็ด ้
็ฝฎๅจๆชๆ็ไน่ขๆใๅ ๆญคๅ
ถๆ็็จฎๅญๅซๆฐฎ้ๅ่่ผๅฐๅ๏ผ๏ผ
่ไฝใๅฐฑ็จฎๅญๅฐๆฐฎ็ด ไน้ๆฑ่่จ๏ผๅบๆฐฎไปฃ่ฌๆ็ฒๅพไนๆฐฎ็ด ๏ผๆๆฏไพๆ็จฎๅญๆฐฎ็ด ไนๆไธป
่ฆไพๆบใไฝๆฏ๏ผ็ถ็ฑ็้คๅจๅฎ่ฝ็งป่ไพไนๅๅๅธๆฐฎ็ด ๏ผไนๅฏไปฅๆไพ้จไปฝใๅฐฑๆฐฎ็ด ๅๅ
ๅธไน็พ่ฑก่่จใ็ซๆไปไผผไน่ฆ่ผๅฐๅ๏ผ๏ผ่ๆ้กฏ
ๅญฆไฝ่ซๆๅฏฉๆปๅ ฑๅ
No full textๆๅฝขใณใผใฏในใฎ่ฃฝ้ ใใใณ้ซ็ไฝฟ็จใซ้ขใใ็ ็ฉถ[ๅค็ง]่ค้ๅฐๅฝขไธใซใใใฆ้ขจๅๅคๅใๆใใๆตใๅ ดใงใฎๆๅคง็ๅฐๆฟๅบฆๆจๅฎๆนๆณใซ้ขใใ็ ็ฉถ[ๅฒกๆ]Transport Studies of Burning Plasmas[็ซ็ณ]่ถ
้ณ้ใใบใซใใใฎ่ถ
้ณ้ๅดๆตใฎๆง้ ใซ้ขใใ็ ็ฉถ[็้็ฐ]Kinetic Analysis on Hydrodesulfurization Activity of Carbon Supported CoMo Catalysts for Refractory Sulfur Compounds[Farag]ใใณใฌใณ็ณปใใญใในใซใคใๅ้
ธๅ็ฉ่งฆๅชใ็จใใ้ๅฑไธ็ฉบๆฐ้ปๆฑ ็จใฌในๆกๆฃๅ้
ธ็ด ้ปๆฅตใซ้ขใใ็ ็ฉถ[ๆ]้
ธๅในใบ่ถ
ๅพฎ็ฒๅญใฎๆนฟๅผ่ชฟ่ฃฝใจ่่ๅใฌในใปใณใตใธใฎๅฟ็จใซ้ขใใ็ ็ฉถ[็ฝๅ]Cuๅบๅ้ใฎ็ธ่ปข็งป้็จใซใใใSRO็ถๆ
ใฎๅฝฑ้ฟใซ้ขใใ็ ็ฉถ[ๅ็ถฟ]ๆฐ็ธๆ้ทใใใโ
ข- โ
คๆๅๅฐไฝๆททๆถใฎ่ฆๅๅใกใซใใบใ ใจๅพฎ็ดฐ็ต็นๅถๅพก[ๅฏๅท]ใใใฑใซ่กจ้ขไธใซๅธ็ใใ็กซ้ปใฎ่กจ้ขๆง้ ใใใณๆกๆฃๆๅใซ้ขใใ็ ็ฉถ[ๅก่]Insertion mechanism and preparation of high performance carbonanode for lithium ion battery[ๅ
ท]Synthesis and Characterization of๏ผป2๏ผ2๏ผฝMetacyclophanes Containing Hydroxy Groups on the Bridge[ใตใใ][3๏ผ3๏ผฝใชใซใใทใฏใญใใกใณ่ชๅฐไฝใฎๅๆ๏ผๆง้ ๅใณ็ฉๆง[่ฐทๅฃ]้
โใใใชใธใณ่งฆๅชใ็จใใใใชใใญใขใใใฎใฉใธใซใซๅๅๅฟใซใใๅซ็ช็ด ็ฐ็ถๅๅ็ฉใฎๅน็็ๅๆๆณใฎ้็บ[ๅฒฉๆพ]ใธใขใพใขใซใซใณใ็จใใๅๆๅๅฟ[้ไบ]TRIAM๏ผ1Mใฎๅฎๆฉใใฉใบใใซใใๆๆๆๅทใจๅๅ ็ฉๅฑคใฎๅฝขๆ[ๅนณไบ]้ใคใชใณ็
งๅฐใใใ้ซ่็น้ๅฑใฎๆๅท็ต็นใจๆฉๆขฐ็ๆง่ณชใซ้ขใใ็ ็ฉถ[ๅฎๆฐธ]ใชใฝใฐใฉใใฃใผ็จใจใญใทใใฌใผใถๅๅ
ใฎๆพ้ป้็จใจๅบๅๆนๅใซ้ขใใ็ ็ฉถ[็ๅฒก]Studies on sheath properties in discharge plasmas using laser spectroscopy[้]้ทใ็ฎก่ทฏๅ
ใซใใใๅผฑใๅงๅๆณขใฎไผๆญ็นๆงใซ้ขใใ็ ็ฉถ[ไปฒๅฐพ]Study of intermediate energy multistep direct nuclear reactions using semiclassical distorted wave model[ๅญซ]่ถ
ๆตๅใใชใฆใ ใฎ้ๅฎๅธธ็ฑๆตๅ็นๆงใซ้ขใใๅบ็ค็็ ็ฉถ[้ซๆพ]ใใฃใณไปใ้็ด็ฉๅฝขๆต่ทฏๅ
ใงใฎ็ดๅทๅชใฎๅฑคๆต่็ถๅ็ธฎใซ้ขใใ็่ซ็็ ็ฉถ[ๆพๅ
]ๅคๆๅ้ๅ
ฑๆฒธๆททๅๅทๅชใฎๆฐดๅนณ็ฎกๅ
ๅ็ธฎ็นๆงใฎไบๆธฌ่จ็ฎๆณ[ๆ]ๆตฎไฝๅผๆตทๆดๆง้ ็ฉใฎไฝ็ฝฎๅถๅพกใทในใใ ใฎ้็บ็ ็ฉถ[็พ็]ๆบถๅญไบ้
ธๅ็ญ็ด ๅๅงๆธฌๅฎๅจใฎ้็บใซ้ขใใ็ ็ฉถ[็ๅฑฑ]ๆฅๆฌๆตทๆทฑๅฑคใฎๆตๅๆง้ ใซ้ขใใ็ ็ฉถ[ๆฐธ้]AuCu๏ผAgๆฌ2ๅ
ๅ้ใฎ็ถๆ
ๅณใจ็ธๅคๆ
้็จ[ๆๅ
