Effects of Salt Stress on Photosynthetic Characters in Honeysuckle with Different Ploidies

【目的】研究四倍体和二倍体金银花叶片光合作用对盐胁迫的响应,特别是盐胁迫对PSⅠ和PSⅡ性能以及协调性的影响,比较盐胁迫下叶片光合特性的差异,分析盐胁迫对叶片Na+、Cl-和丙二醛含量以及叶片生物量的影响,揭示不同倍性金银花耐盐胁迫的能力,为盐碱地栽培品种的选择提供参考。【方法】选用四倍体和二倍体金银花为试验材料,采用叶绿素荧光快速诱导动力学曲线和820 nm光反射曲线同步测定技术,结合气体交换参数,研究中度(150 mmol&middot;L-1 Na Cl)和重度(300 mmol&middot;L-1 Na Cl)盐胁迫对四倍体和二倍体金银花叶片光合作用和光合机构的影响。金银花植株定植于装有石英砂的塑料盆中,Hoa...;【Objective】In order to provide a reference for cultivar selection of saline land, leaf photosynthetic responses to salt stress in diploid and tetraploid honeysuckle, especially the effects of salt stress on PS and PS performance and coordination wer Ⅰ Ⅱ e studied, the difference in leaf photosynthetic characters under salt stress was compared and the effects of salt stress on leaf Na+ , Cland malondialdehyde contents and the leaf biomass were analyzed so that revealed salt tolerance of the honeysuckle with different ploidies.【Method】Tetraploid and diploid honeysuckle plants were used as experimental materials to study the effects of moderate (150 mmol&middot;L-1 NaCl) and severe (300 mmol&middot;L-1 NaCl) salt stress on photosynthesis and photosynthetic apparatus by simultaneously analyzing chlorophyll a fluorescence transient and light reflection at 820 nm as well as gas exchange parameters. Honeysuckle plants were planted in plastic pots filled with quartz sand and cultured with Hoagland nutrient solution. NaCl was added to nutrient solution incrementally by 50 mmol&middot;L-1 step per day to provide final concentrations of 150 and 300 mmol&middot;L-1 for salt treatment, and the treatment lasted for 15 days. The control plants were cultured with nutrient solution without adding NaCl. During salt treatment, expanded leaves from the middle of a shoot were sampled for measuring parameters.【Result】Under moderate salt stress, leaf photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration were significantly decreased in diploid and tetraploid honeysuckle, and the decrease was lower in the tetraploid, indicating less stomatal inhibition on photosynthesis. Under severe salt stress, leaf photosynthetic rate was also significantly decreased in diploid and tetraploid honeysuckle, and the tetraploid could maintain higher photosynthetic activity than the diploid due to the lower decrease in leaf photosynthetic rate. After 7 days of severe salt stress, leaf carboxylation rate and Rubisco activation state were significantly decreased in diploid honeysuckle. PS photoinhibition was induced, resulting in the decline of quantum Ⅱ yield of electron transport to PS . Therefore, PS reduction Ⅰ Ⅰ was inhibited, and the increased PSⅠoxidation should be observed in the 820 nm reflection transient. On the contrary, PS oxidation was significantly decreased. Unde Ⅰ Ⅰ r severe salt stress, PS photoinhibition also occurred in the leaves of diploid honeysuckle, which could not effectively drive electrons to its acceptor side and then inhibited PS oxidation. The sign Ⅰ ificant decrease of PS oxidation resulted from the greater photoinhibition in PS than PS , and the coordination between PS and Ⅰ ⅠⅡ Ⅱ PS was destroyed. After 15 days of severe Ⅰ salt stress, leaf carboxylation rate and activation state of Rubisco enzyme were significantly decreased in tetraploid honeysuckle, and the decrease was lower than that in diploid honeysuckle. The capacity of PS and PS was not significantly affected, and Ⅱ Ⅰ their coordination was maintained in tetraploid honeysuckle under severe salt stress. Thus, tetraploid honeysuckle also had higher leaf photosynthetic activity than the diploid upon severe salt stress. After salt stress for 15 days, leaf Na+ , Cl- and malondialdehyde contents were significantly increased in diploid honeysuckle, whereas leaf dry weight per plant was significantly reduced, and the change amplitude was greater than that in tetraploid honeysuckle, indicating lower leaf ionic toxicity in the tetraploid, which might be responsible for maintaining higher photosynthetic capacity under salt stress.【Conclusion】 Under salt stress, tetraploid honeysuckle possesses higher leaf photosynthetic activity in terms of greater leaf stomatal conductance, higher Rubisco activation state and normal PSⅡ and PS coordination, and then c Ⅰ ould accumulate greater biomass. Therefore, tetraploid honeysuckle has stronger salt tolerance and is more suitable for cultivation in saline land.</p

大地电导率仪EM38-MK2数据分析与应用拓展研究

以EM38系列大地电导率仪中EM38-MK2型号仪器为研究对象，仪器测量范围在0.375m、0.75m、1.5m以内，且在0.75m层位测量时有垂直和水平两种模式。分析EM38-MK2在0.75m测量位水平和垂直模式下表观电导率的差异性。结果表明，垂直模式下的读数平均比水平模式下大18ms/m，且二者呈线性相关。这种误差可能是由于0.75m土层处于饱和含水状态或仪器构造本身造成。利用EM38-MK2所测四组数据和理化分析数据建立回归模型时，0.75m层位数据取（EH0.75 +EV0.75）/2，模型选择应结合具体数据选择多种模型拟合对比，以确定最优模型

Effect of cotton straw returning after treatments on the physicochemical properties of coastal saline soil and the cotton yield

为了探讨棉秆不同处理方式对黄河三角洲滨海盐碱土改良效果的影响,本试验对比棉秆直接粉碎还田(FC)和堆腐还田(FS)两种处理,分别设定不同还田量进行试验,并根据棉花不同生长时期对棉田土壤物理、化学指标进行对比分析。结果表明:FS、FC两种还田处理均能有效增加0~10 cm土层土壤孔隙度,降低土壤容重,且与还田量分别呈正相关和负相关;当还田量为9 t/hm~(2)时能有效增大土层粒度中黏粒和粉粒所占比重。FS比FC对棉花吐絮期表层(0~10 cm)p H值的降低效果更明显。两种还田处理的降盐效果显著,并随着还田量增大而不断加强。两种还田处理可以有效降低0~20 cm土层土壤中Na~+和Cl~-含量...</p

黄河三角洲农作物秸秆资源综合评价———以东营市为例

基于《东营市统计年鉴》（2004-2013 年）和《山东省统计年鉴》 （2014年）的统计数据，对东营市秸秆资源产量、密度特点及时空分布特征进行分析，并建立灰色预测模型对秸秆资源的未来变化进行预测。 结果表明，2004-2013年间，东营市年均秸秆资源产量为 147.51万t，并呈现波动上涨的趋势；秸秆资源区域分布中，广饶县所占比例最大，为53.61％，其余从大到小依次为利津县、垦利县、东营区和河口区；不同县（区）秸秆资源的来源结构略有差异，但均以玉米、小麦和棉花为主；秸秆资源密度和人均占有秸秆资源量均呈现自北向南逐渐增大的变化趋势。 最后，运用GM（1,1）模型对未来 １０ ａ 东营市秸秆资源产量进行预测，结果表明东营市秸秆产量将持续增长，2020年可达154.611万t。</p

TEMPORAL-SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF SOIL SALT IN COASTAL COTTON FIELD SOIL

在黄河三角洲滨海一农田试验田共采集3期(春、夏、秋三季)EM38表观电导率数据,运用经典统计学和地统计学方法,分析试验区盐分时空分布特征。结果如下:垂直方向电导率相关系数均大于0.8,具有强相关性,水平方向相关系数在-0.2至0.2之间,相关性很弱。土壤盐分分布呈底聚型。变异系数比较显示,同期数据中,表层变异强度最强,底层变异强度最弱。半方差分析中各层块金值与基台值之比大多在25%~75%,盐分空间上偏向于中等空间相关性。棉花长势赋值后生成空间插值图,对比同期电导率插值图,将盐渍化程度划分成4个等级。分析按等级重分类后的栅格插值图中各盐渍土等级所占比例值,表层中非盐化土所占面积比已由初期的5...

滨海棉田土壤盐分时空分布特征研究

在黄河三角洲滨海一农田试验田共采集3期(春、夏、秋三季)EM38表观电导率数据,运用经典统计学和地统计学方法,分析试验区盐分时空分布特征。结果如下:垂直方向电导率相关系数均大于0.8,具有强相关性,水平方向相关系数在-0.2至0.2之间,相关性很弱。土壤盐分分布呈底聚型。变异系数比较显示,同期数据中,表层变异强度最强,底层变异强度最弱。半方差分析中各层块金值与基台值之比大多在25%~75%,盐分空间上偏向于中等空间相关性。棉花长势赋值后生成空间插值图,对比同期电导率插值图,将盐渍化程度划分成4个等级。分析按等级重分类后的栅格插值图中各盐渍土等级所占比例值,表层中非盐化土所占面积比已由初期的5...

Comprehensive Evaluation of Crop Straw Resources in the Yellow River Delta： A Case Study of Dongying

基于《东营市统计年鉴》（2004—2013年）和《山东省统计年鉴》（2014年）的统计数据,对东营市秸秆资源产量、密度特点及时空分布特征进行分析,并建立灰色预测模型对秸秆资源的未来变化进行预测.结果表明,2004—2013年间,东营市年均秸秆资源产量为147.51万t,并呈现波动上涨的趋势;秸秆资源区域分布中,广饶县所占比例最大,为53.61%,其余从大到小依次为利津县、垦利县、东营区和河口区;不同县（区）秸秆资源的来源结构略有差异,但均以玉米、小麦和棉花为主;秸秆资源密度和人均占有秸秆资源量均呈现自北向南逐渐增大的变化趋势.最后,运用GM（1,1）模型对未来10 a东营市秸秆资源产量进行预测,结果表明东营市秸秆产量将持续增长,2020年可达154.611万t

Characteristic research on the soil salinity in coastal cotton field of the Yellow River Delta

采用相关分析和主成分分析方法对黄河三角洲棉田试验区土壤盐分特征进行研究,结果表明,试验区土壤为中度盐渍化,且盐分呈现一定的表聚现象;土壤各层盐基离子中,阳离子以Na~+为主,阴离子以Cl~-为主,这两种离子对棉花生长的毒害作用尤为突出;土壤盐分含量与Na~+ 、SO_4~(2-)、Cl~-、Mg~(2+)、Ca~(2+)、NO_3~(2-)、HCO_3~(2-)离子含量均呈极显著正相关;Na~+、Cl~-及SO_4~(2-)是影响试验区棉田盐渍化的主要特征因子。本研究结果可为黄河三角洲地区盐渍化土地科学管理和农业可持续发展提供理论基础和实践依据。</p

The Calculation of Anisotropy Aquifer Parameters by Improved Linear Analytical Method

为了拓宽直线解析法的应用范围,以便分析抽水试验数据,确定各向异性含水层参数,采用对井函数的级数展开式多保留一项的简化方式,建立了一种新的改进直线解析法。用正问题求逆的思路对其进行了可靠性的验证,并与Cooper-Jacob直线图解法的计算结果进行了对比,并进行了灵敏度分析。结果表明,改进直线解析法的计算结果与Cooper-Jacob直线图解法的非常相近;敏感性分析的结果则表明此方法对抽水试验数据具有的系统误差并不灵敏。与传统的Cooper-Jacob直线图解法相比,改进的方法具有更宽的适用条件,前者要求u<0.05而改进直线解析法仅要求u<0.2