Investigations of electrochemical performance of copper coated AB 5 type metal hydride electrodes

通过改变处理溶液中铜的含量和PH值等包覆条件，考查了Ab5型贮氢合金酸性包覆铜处理方法和相应金属氢化物电极的放电性能。研究表明该方法具有经济易操作的特点，处理溶液的PH值对铜包覆速度和电极初期放电性能有很大影响。通过循环伏安实验和紫外可见光谱技术研究了包覆铜层的稳定性，实验结果表明电极表面包覆层能通过形成氧化物，以CuO2-2的形式溶解到电解液中，并且溶解在电解液中的铜离子对氧化镍正极的电极性能产生不良影响。The coating conditions of copper on AB 5 type hydrogen storage alloy and the electrochemical performance of copper coated metal hydride electrodes have been investigated through changing the concentration of copper ions and pH value of the treatment solution.The results showed that the copper coating treatment improved the initial electrochemical performance of metal hydride electrodes,and the pH value of treatment solution was important to increase the coating rate of copper and improve the initial discharging behavior of electrodes.Furthermore,the stability of copper coated layer on metal hydride electrode also have been studied with the help of cyclic voltammetry and UV visible spectrophotometer.It was demonstrated that the copper coated layer was oxidized and dissolved into the electrolyte in the form of cupric oxide,and the redox behavior of nickel hydroxide/oxyhydroxide electrode is affected by the copper ions dissolved in the electrolyte.国家“863”计划;国家自然科学基

The Applications of Confocal Raman Micro-Spectroscopy for study of practical electrode materials

本文简要介绍了实验室内有关利用共焦显微拉曼光谱于某些实用电极材料 (表面 )性能研究的结果 .具体的研究实例包括 :尖晶石锂锰氧化物中Li+ 的嵌入 脱出过程 ,AB5 型金属氢化物电极表面氧化物的性能和钢筋电极表面钝化膜及其孔蚀过程 .Some recent research work about applications of confocal Raman micro spectroscopy for study of practical electrode materials carried out in our lab has been briefly introduced. The examples include study of electrochemical Li + intercalation process, characterization of surface oxide film on AB 5 type electrodes and passive film and pitting corrosion of Rebar electrodes.作者联系地址：厦门大学固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室!化学系,物理化学研究所,福建厦门361005,厦门大学固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室!化学系,物理化学研究所,福建厦门361005,厦门大学固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室!化学系,物理化学研究所,福建厦门361005,厦门大学固体表面物理化学国Author's Address: State Key Lab for Phys. Chem. of Solid Surface, Xiamen Univ., Xiamen, 361005,Chin

Questionnaire survey on sexual behavior of Japanese males infected with sexually transmitted diseases

男性性感染症(STD)患者248例のアンケート調査結果について検討した.感染源は約70%の症例が友人やPick up(いわゆるナンパ)など, 金銭の授受を伴わない相手であった.症状出現までに性交渉をもった相手の数は2.8人で, 症状出現前のピンポン感染により一般のの人々にSTDが拡大している可能性が考えられた.STDに罹患したことをパートナーに伝えると回答した比率は, 59.4%で高い比率では無かった.過去1年間の性交相手は平均5.8人で, 若年層ほど高い傾向にあった.コンドーム装着率は12.4%(92/234)ときわめて低かった.Oral sexの頻度は82.0%(192/234)と高率であった.以上から, 若年層において, 広いsexual networkを形成し, 無防備な性交が行われていることが考えられたIn Japan, there has been a rapid increase in recent years in the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases (STD), particularly in teenagers and people in their twenties. To determine the factors causing this increase in STD, we carried out a questionnaire survey on the sexual behavior of Japanese males. The subjects were 248 male patients who were treated at our outpatient clinic. The results of the survey showed that 1) about 70% of the male patients were infected through sexual intercourse with partners who were not paid for such services; 2) the average number of partners in the past year was 5.8, and the average number of partners was highest for the teenage group and decreased with age; 3) only 29 (12.4%) of the 234 males used condoms; and 4) 192 (82.0%) of the 234 males received oral sex. The results of the survey suggest that a large "sexual network" has been formed among young Japanese people and that a large percentage of young Japanese people are engaged in unprotected sex

Recent advances in the studies of electrochemical capacitors

电化学电容器是近年发展的一种新型能量储存装置,本文介绍电化学电容器储存电能的原理、特点及应用,并简要评述了以碳材料、贵金属氧化物及导电聚合物做为电化学电容器电极材料的研究进展.Electrochemical capacitor is a new type of energy-storage device developed recently.In this paper, the principle and characteristic of energy stoage are introduced.In addition, the recent progress of researches on electrochemical capacitors using carbon, noble metal oxide and conducting polymer as electrode materials are also preliminarily reviewed

ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY ON METAL HYDRIDE ELECTRODE AND METAL HYDRIDE/NICKEL BATTERIES

用电化学阻抗谱 (EIS)方法 ,对金属氢化物 (MH)电极和两种商品化金属氢化物 /镍(MH/ Ni)电池性能进行了研究 .通过建立等效电路模型分析了 MH电极的电化学阻抗谱 .结果表明 ,在不同放电深度和充放电循环时 ,电极的欧姆阻抗、反应电阻和界面电容等呈规律地变化 ,并与电极性能的变化相一致 .欧姆阻抗和由制备工艺带来的电极反应性能的差别 ,是引起两种商品化 MH/ Ni电池电化学充放电性能差别的主要原因 .也说明 ,EIS可用于检测 MH电极的荷电状态和反应性能 ,并可作为在线无损伤 MH/ Ni电池性能测试技术 .The performances of the metal hydride (MH) electrodes and metal hydride/nickel (MH/Ni) batteries were investigated by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopic technique (EIS).The results showed that the proposed equivalent circuit model was successfully fitted to the EISs of MH electrodes,the ohm resistance,reaction resistance and interface capacitance of MH electrodes changed progressively with the increase of the depth of discharge and charge-discharge cycles.They were consistent with the performance degradation of MH electrodes.The differences of ohm resistace and reaction resistance,which arose from the construction method,gave rise in the performance differences of two kinds of commercial MH/Ni batteries.In addition,it is also concluded that EIS can be used to forecast the state of charge and performance of MH electrodes,and will be a power in-situ and non-destructive evalution tool for the performance of MH/Ni battery

Studies on the Redox Reactions of Cobalt Electrodes in Alkaline Solution by Using In-situ Confocal Microprobe Raman Spectroscopy

采用现场共聚焦显微喇曼光谱研究钴电极在碱性溶液中的氧化还原行为和生成物的喇曼光谱特征 .研究结果表明 :电位正向扫描时 ,在 - 0 .6 4V左右 CO氧化生成 CO(OH) 2 和 CO O,随着电位正移逐步生成 CO3O4,在正电位区电极表面层主要是 CO3O4、 CO OOH和 CO O2 等 ;电位负向扫描时 ,电极表面上的高价含氧化合物相继还原为 CO3O4和 CO(OH) 2 ,并最终还原为 CO.由不同电位下的生成物的喇曼光谱可以看出 :电极表面上的氧化还原反应是随电位变化而逐步进行的连续化反应过程 ,并主要形成复合含氧化合物 .The redox reaction processes and Raman spectra of reaction products of cobalt electrodes in 30% KOH+1% LiOH solution were studied by using \%in\|situ\% Confocal Microprobe Raman Spectroscopy.It is shown that the oxidation reaction at -0\^64 V can be ascribed to the formation of Co(OH)\-2 and CoO. Co\-3O\-4 was formed with increasing the potential, and Co\-3O\-4, CoOOH and CoO\-2 form composite oxides surface layer in positive potential region.In the course of potential sweeping from the positive to the negative, the higher valent oxides were reduced to Co\-3O\-4 and \{Co(OH)\-2\} successively, and they were reduced to Co finally.From the Raman spectra at different potentials of cobalt electrodes, it is proposed that the redox reactions are continuous processes with the changing of potentials, and the surface layer of cobalt electrode is composed of composite oxides. [WT5HZ]国家“863”计划!(批准号:863-715-004-0070);国家自然科学基金!(批准号:29673003)资

<Original Papers>Mineralogical Study of Manganese Silicate Ores in Northeastern Japan.(V) : Manganoan Cummingtonite from Noda-Tamagawa Mine, Iwate Prefecture

Manganoan cummingtonite occurs as bandded or lenticular aggregates of long prismatic to bladed crystals up to 10×5×3mm in size, in rhodonite ore-body at + 50m level of Kirihata bedded manganese silicate deposit at Noda-Tamagawa Mine, in the highly metamorphosed older Cretaceous quartzites by the intrusion of granodiorite. The color is dark grayish green, specific gravity 3.15 and hardness 6.5. In transmitted light the pleochroism is very weak : X=colorless, Y=Z=pale yellow. The indices of refraction are : α=1.638,β=1.650,γ=1.662,γ-α=0.022 ; extinction angle cΛZ=22°. Optically biaxial negative ; 2Vα=88°. The unit cell dimensions are : a_0=9.63,b_0=18.11,c_0=5.29A, β=102.5° and a_0 sin β=9.40A ; and are very similar to those of cummingtonite-grunerite series. The chemical analysis gives the formula of (Na_, Ca_, K_, Mg_, Mn_, Fe^_, Fe^_, Al_, Ti_)_ Si_ O_ (OH_, F_)_ as O+OH+F=24. The high-temperature X-ray diffraction and DTA indicate that the mineral breaks down to a mixture of clinopyroxene, jacobsite and glass at about 1,100℃

<Original Papers>Mineralogical Study of Manganese Silicate Ores in Northeastern Japan. (IV) : Boron-Manganiferous Eckermannite from Noda-Tamagawa Mine, Iwate Prefecture

Boron-manganiferous eckermannite occurs as prismatic crystals up to 1.5x 1.2x 1.0cm in size in manganiferous aegirine-rhodonite-alkali feldspar quartz bearing pegmatitic veinlets, cutting through the Misago bedded manganese silicate ore bodies of Noda-Tamagawa mine of older Cretaceous age. The color is brownish dark green in hand-specimen, the specific gravity is 3.03 and the hardness is 4(1/2). In a thin section the pleochroism weak : X=pale yellow, Y=Z=yellow. The indices of refraction are α=1.640 β=1.653 γ=1.658 γ-α=0.018,extinction angle is c∧Z=39° and optic axial angle is 2Vα=70°, X-ray powder data showed it to be isostructual with the alkali amphibole group, i.e., it is monoclinic with a_0=9.88,b_0=18.05,c_0=5.32Å, β=104.0° and Z=2. The chemical analysis gives the formula of (Na_, K_, Ca_)_ (Mg_, Mn_, Fe^_, Fe^_, Al_, Ti_)_ (Si_, B_, Al_)_ O_ (OH_, F_)_, and the Si^ atoms are replaced partly byB^ atoms. The high-temperature X-ray diffraction and DTA indicate that the mineral breaks down to a mixture of clinopyroxene, jacobsite and glass when heated at about 1,100℃