2 research outputs found
A Study on Forecast Model of Reservoir Inflow during Drought
台灣地區可視為雨量豐沛之國家,然而因降雨的時空分佈不均,約每十年會出現一次降雨量稀少之枯旱年。近兩年枯旱現象卻持續發生,對台灣水資源之應用產生重大之衝擊。在水資源利用上,除開發水資源外,有效管理既有之水資源更是重要之課題,水庫如何有效之管理操作,其基礎在能正確地掌握未來水文資訊,故準確可靠之水庫入流量預測模式已成為水資源管理上不可或缺之工具。
本文以灰色預測模式為水庫入流量預測之方法,文內先探討灰色系統理論基礎、灰色預測建模方法及此預測系統存在之缺陷,探討灰色預測模型可能遭遇之問題與原因,進而尋求改進方案及預測量之修正方法。
本研究以數值分析之理論提出增列條件式之方法,建立新灰色模式之建模程序,此新建模式GMM(1,1),可有效修正原模式之缺陷,尤其在建模數列值如有異常值時,可降低原模型及其他改進模型僅採3項條件式求解所造成之預測誤差,較適用於具波動性之時間序列預測。
應用此模式在石門水庫入流量預測修正工作,除採用GMM(1,1) 模型外,並探討採用季節因素修正法及本文提出之雨量預報修正法,其均能提高預測之精度,尤其是雨量預報修正法,在雨量預報與實際流量狀況相符時,確能提高預測準確度,為水文預測工作提出一有效之方向。Taiwan is a rainfall abundant country, but the rainfall distribution is uneven both in time and space whenever and wherever drought may occur in ten years return period. Unexpectedly however, droughts came more frequently in recent two years, posing severe impacts on water resources utilization. Thus, beside water resources development, an effective way of water resources management becomes one of the major concerns in water resources utilization. In other words, the operation of reservoirs should be required more rational based crucially on the favorable hydrological conditions and right information. Therefore, to develop a reliable model as a tool for reservoir inflow forecast become necessary to water resources management.
This paper, based on gray prediction system as a study model for developing the method of the reservoir inflow forecast, discusses the fundamentals of gray system theory, then the developing method of gray prediction model and possible limits in the model system so as to discuss the cause of problems we may encounter in the gray prediction, and try to find out the solutions and the model modification method.
This study based on numerical analysis theory presents the terms of additional condition showing a new process of modeling method, and establish a modified grey model GMM(1,1). The modified model GMM(1,1) proved to be effective to improve the limits of the original model GM(1,1). Especially when extreme value comes across in numerical series, forecast errors found in three-term models like the original model GM(1,1) or the other modified models could be reduced to fit for the forecast in time series with larger dynamic characteristics.
When applying this model to Shihmen Reservoir inflow forecast modification with seasonal variation correction factor or in this paper presented rainfall forecast correction factor, the GMM(1,1) can reduce the forecast errors. Particularly, the rainfall forecast modification method proves to be effective to increase higher prediction accuracy on condition that the rainfall forecast are compatible to the actual reservoir inflow. This paper is presented as reference to an effective way of hydrological prediction work.摘要………………………………………………………………………i
目錄……………………………………………………………………iii
表目錄…………………………………………………………………vi
圖目錄…………………………………………………………………vii
第一章 緒論 ……………………………………………………………1
1.1 前言 ……………………………………………………………1
1.2 研究動機 ………………………………………………………1
1.3 研究目標及範圍 ………………………………………………2
1.4 研究方法及流程 ………………………………………………3
1.4.1 研究方法 …………………………………………………3
1.4.2 研究流程 …………………………………………………3
1.5 本文架構 ………………………………………………………4
第二章 研究背景 ………………………………………………………5
2.1 水資源利用概況 ………………………………………………5
2.1.1 現況用水 …………………………………………………5
2.1.2 未來用水供需推估 ………………………………………6
2.1.3 現況問題分析 ……………………………………………6
2.2 台灣地區乾旱特性 ……………………………………………9
2.3 民國91年旱災處理簡述 ……………………………………10
第三章 文獻回顧 ……………………………………………………13
3.1枯水期水庫入流量預測方法…………………………………13
3.1.1 ARIMA時間序列模式……………………………………13
3.1.2 超越機率模式……………………………………………14
3.1.3 豐枯年排序模式…………………………………………16
3.2 灰色模式………………………………………………………18
3.3 預測量之修正方法……………………………………………19
3.3.1 季節因素…………………………………………………19
3.3.2 介入分析…………………………………………………19
3.4 灰色預測在水庫流量預測之相關研究………………………19
第四章 理論基礎………………………………………………………23
4.1 灰色系統概述…………………………………………………23
4.2 灰色預測模型…………………………………………………24
4.3 建模問題探討…………………………………………………27
4.3.1 建模潛存之缺陷…………………………………………28
4.3.2 建模問題分析……………………………………………30
4.4 改進方案之探討………………………………………………32
4.4.1 發展係數禁區限制………………………………………32
4.4.2 加權灰色預測模--PGM(1,1) ……………………………32
4.4.3 初始條件的改進…………………………………………34
4.4.4 模型條件式之拓展………………………………………35
4.4.5 綜合比較分析……………………………………………36
4.5 實例應用………………………………………………………38
4.5.1 台灣地區生活用水量預測………………………………38
4.5.2 台灣地區各標的總用水量預測…………………………39
4.5.3 應用檢討…………………………………………………41
4.6 建模方案檢討及選用…………………………………………41
第五章 建立預測模式…………………………………………………43
5.1. 研究地區 ……………………………………………………43
5.1.1 概述………………………………………………………43
5.1.2 主要工程設施……………………………………………43
5.1.3 營管情形…………………………………………………44
5.1.4 水文觀測網………………………………………………46
5.2 資料蒐集………………………………………………………47
5.2.1 入流量觀測資料…………………………………………47
5.2.2 資料處理…………………………………………………47
5.2.2.1 常態化處理…………………………………………47
5.2.2.2 異常值修正…………………………………………48
5.2.3. 月長期天氣展望 ………………………………………49
5.3. 標鑑標準 ……………………………………………………49
5.4. 模式檢驗 ……………………………………………………50
5.4.1 歷史流量異常值修正……………………………………50
5.4.2 歷史流量預測修正………………………………………51
5.4.2.1 季節因素修正法……………………………………51
5.4.2.2 雨量預報修正法……………………………………52
5.4.2.3 檢討分析……………………………………………54
5.4. 枯水期預測模式之應用 ……………………………………54
5.4.1 預測結果及檢討…………………………………………54
5.4.2 成果比較…………………………………………………57
第六章 結論與建議 …………………………………………………59
6.1 結論……………………………………………………………59
6.2 建議……………………………………………………………60
附表……………………………………………………………………61
附圖……………………………………………………………………87
參考文獻 ……………………………………………………………101
謝誌 …………………………………………………………………10
