Control of two-phase pitch precursor and microstructure of cross-section of carbon fibers

为给高性能碳纤维的结构设计提供理论参考,利用各向同性煤沥青(IPc)与中间相沥青形成二元不相容共混物的相分离结构,并利用筛网装置改变共混沥青的熔; 体流动状态,研究共混两相沥青的相结构对最终碳纤维结构的影响。结果表明:在共混前驱体中,掺杂的15%; IPc不足以抑制劈裂的形成;而使用15层筛网纺丝装置,促进微畴沿径向折叠排列,抑制了轴向劈裂的出现;进一步提高熔体受剪切程度,各向同性相形成贯穿; 的条带结构,纤维截面重新出现劈裂结构。30%的各向同性相抵抗了碳纤维中的裂纹扩展,碳纤维最终形成介于放射状和无规的截面形貌;使用50层筛网装置,; 纤维截面中出现类似的劈裂结构受到抑制一重新出现劈裂结构的演变过程。结果证实了相分离和筛网装置对中间相微畴在纤维中排布方式的协同影响作用。In order to provide academic reference for structure design of; high-performance carbon fibers (CFs),blends of composed isotropic (IPc); and mesophase pitches in various proportions were used as precursors for; CFs. A filter assembly was further used to disturb the melt flow during; the spinning of precursor fibers. The phase structure of; isotropic/mesophase incompatible blends on the microstructure of the; resultant CFs were studied. Results shows that 15% of IPc in the blended; precursor can not prevent the open crack along the carbon fiber axis,; while the split has been completely depressed in the carbon fibers when; spun with 15 layers of plain-weave, in which the IPc component exhibited; disorder oriented strips form to promote the zigzag connection among the; graphitic microcrystallites along the cross-section of CFs. Shear of the; extrusive pitch melt further increasing, the IPc phase exhibits a; perforative structure and the open crack reappears in the cross-section; of CFs. When the content of IPc is 30%,isotropic phase resists the; evolution of the open crack,and an intermediate morphology between; radial and random type is shown in the CFs. The similar evolution of the; open crack is shown in the cross-section of CFs when the 50 layers of; plain-weave is used. The results confirm the synergy effect of the; incompatible phase-separation of the blends and the filter assembly on; the arrangement of the graphitic microcrystallites along the; cross-section of CFs.中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项

掺铁碳化硅陶瓷的制备及其吸波性能

将羰基铁和液态聚碳硅烷(LPCS)反应生成的铁(Fe)溶胶与固态聚碳硅烷(PCS)混合,合成出不同Fe质量分数的PCS先驱体,然后经氧化交联和高温热解制备了不同Fe质量分数的磁性碳化硅陶瓷(Fe/SiC),系统地研究了Fe元素的引入对SiC陶瓷的组成、结构、磁性能和介电性能的影响规律。研究发现,当Fe质量分数小于8.94%时,在热解过程中,Fe元素可以显著促进SiCxOy的分解,生成β-SiC,且随着Fe质量分数的增加,β-SiC的结晶峰越来越强;但随着Fe质量分数继续增加,达11.78%时,则主要生成Fe3Si;Fe/Si C陶瓷均呈铁磁性,其饱和磁化强度随着Fe质量分数的增加而呈指数形式增加;当Fe质量分数为4.19%时Fe/SiC陶瓷在12.4 GHz具有最小的反射损耗,为-9.4 dB,同时低于-5 dB的带宽为2.4 GHz,Fe质量分数为8.94%时,低于-5 dB的带宽则为3.7 GHz,可用作良好的微波吸收材料。国家自然科学基金(51603175);;中央高校基本科研业务费(20720150082)资助项目~

卤原子取代苯并噻二唑聚合物给体材料的合成及其光伏性能研究

通过对苯并噻二唑单元进行氟、氯等卤原子取代,并同时调节烷基侧链的长度,设计合成了一系列基于苯并噻二唑四噻吩类的聚合物太阳电池材料.不同卤原子取代以及烷基侧链的长度都会影响聚合物的结晶性和薄膜聚集形貌从而改变其带隙和电荷传输性质.氟、氯原子的引入可调节聚合物的能级结构,而且相对于氟原子而言,具有更大原子半径的氯原子的引入可在更大尺度下调节能级结构,从而大幅提高相应太阳电池的开路电压,同时通过侧链的优化可进一步调节聚合物的微观聚集结构,改善器件能量转换效率.结果表明,在氯原子和氟原子共同作用的情况下,引入较长的侧链有利于提升聚合物的开路电压和短路电流,从而获得较好的器件性能.其中,以氯、氟共同取代的聚合物PCFBT4T-2OD与PC71BM为活性层的器件性能最佳,能量转换效率可达8.84%.国家自然科学基金(基金号51773087,21733005);;广东省自然科学基金(基金号2016A030313637);;深圳市孔雀团队(项目号KQTD20140630110339343)资助项

各向同性沥青改性的中间相沥青纤维预氧化研究

以各向同性沥青改性的中间相沥青为原料,经熔融纺丝、氧化及碳化处理得到沥青基碳纤维,重点研究了原丝的氧化行为.偏光显微镜研究表明,混合沥青为两相不相容共混物,中间相沥青为连续相,各向同性沥青为分散相.氧化过程中,沥青的脂肪氢和芳氢被脱除,主要生成羰基,醚键.随着氧化时间的延长,纤维中含氧量逐渐提高.当氧化时间较短时,纤维氧化不足,碳纤维芯部出现孔洞,微观组织呈现大片层结构.随着氧化程度逐渐提高,截面孔洞逐渐减小并最终消失,同时,碳纤维的强度显著提高;但是当原丝过度氧化时,碳纤维强度反而下降

Preparation and in vitro evaluation of chitosan microspheres containing matrine

目的:以壳聚糖为囊材制备苦参碱结肠靶向给药微球及评价其体外释药情况。方法:用乳化化学交联法制备微球,以微球的粒径分布百分数、载药量及包封率为优化指标对影响微球制备的主要因素用正交试验设计优化制备条件;并对最佳制备工艺制得的微球进行3种不同递质(人工胃液、人工肠液及大鼠结肠液)中的体外释放度评价。结果:制得的苦参碱壳聚糖微球在电镜下,球形表面圆整,粒径分布适宜,微球平均粒径为(68.3±2.7)μm,平均载药量为(16.0±0.5)%,平均包封率为(66.3±4.2)%。苦参碱壳聚糖微球在人工胃液中2h不释药;在人工肠液中4h内释放不到1%,96h释药不到10%;在含大鼠结肠内容物的磷酸盐缓冲液(pH6.8)中4h释放10%左右,36h释药近50%,此后释药趋于缓慢,96h释药近80%。结论:苦参碱壳聚糖微球几乎不在上消化道释药,而是在结肠靶向释药。OBJECTIVE To preparate the chitosan microspheres containing matrine for the colon-specific drug delivery and evaluate its release in vitro.METHODS The chitosan microspheres containing matrine were prepared by emulsion-chemical crosslink technique.The better preparation procedure with respect to particles size distribution,embedding rate and drug loading were optimized by the orthogonal experimental design.In-vitro drug release were carried out in the artificial gastric,artificial intestinal and the phosphate buffered saline(pH(6.8)) containing rat colon contents.RESULTS The chitosan microspheres containing matrine was shown to have good spherical geometry,a smooth surface and suitable size distribution under scanning electron micrographs.Average diameter of microspheres was((68.3)±(2.7))μm,drug loading was((16.0)±(0.5))%,embedding rate ((66.3)±(4.2))%.Little release and a little release of matrine from the microspheres were observed in the artificial gastric juice and in the artificial intestinal juice,respectively.However,the release of matrine was markedly increased in the phosphate buffered saline(pH(6.8)) containing rat colon contents,which was near to 10%,50% and 80% at 4 h,36 h and 96 h,respectively.CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the chitosan microspheres containing matrine may be useful a dosage form for colon-specific drug delivery.甘肃省自然科学基金(编号ZS0001-A23-073-Y

Dendronized Carbohydrates Ⅱ——Liquid Crystallinity Study

E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected][中文文摘]以基于单糖为内核,楔形液晶基元DOBOB酸(3,4,5-三[对-(十二烷氧基)苄氧基]苯甲酸)为分枝的树状碳水化合物液晶为研究对象,利用DSC、热台偏光显微镜、XRD和CD/UV光谱等手段研究该类化合物的液晶性.研究发现分枝的数目对该类化合物的液晶性有显著影响,以2-乙酰氨基葡萄糖为内核的包含四个分枝的树状分子具有最高的液晶结构有序性,清亮点也显著高于另两种单糖内核(含五个分枝)的树状分子.此外,该类碳水化合物液晶形成的液晶相都具备超分子手性,为探索碳水化合物手性液晶相提供了一条新的思路.[英文文摘]Liquid crystallinity of dendronized carbohydrate liquid crystals, which contain carbohydrate core and mesogen branches DOBOB (3,4,5-tris(p-dodecyloxybenzyloxy) benzoic acid), was studied by DSC,thermal polarized optical microscopy, XRD and CD/UV spectrum. The number of branches affects the liquid crystallinity significantly. Dendrimer that contains four branches has the highest liquid crystal structure order, and the clearing point is also higher than the other two dendrimers which contain five branches. Otherwise, supramolecular chirality is also expressed in the mesophase formed by these dendronized carbohydrates,which may provide inspiration in searching for chiral mesophase of carbohydrate liquid crystals.国家自然科学基金(No.20774077)资助项

Optimization Electrode of GaN-Based Light-Emitting Diode

针对以蓝宝石为衬底的GaN基发光二极管出现的电流扩展不均的问题,采用有限元方法建立了GaN基发光二极管的三维网络模型,并对四种常见结构的器件进行数值模拟,发现影响二极管电流的因素不仅与发光二极管电极的位置有关,而且依赖于器件的结构参数。以电流扩展不均为指标确定出这四种器件中最佳的电极位置分布,同时对最佳电极位置分布的器件进行了结构参数优化,结果表明当p型金属层方块电阻与n型GaN的方块电阻接近时,电流扩展均匀性最好,且p-GaN的接触电阻和厚度越小,电流扩展越不均匀。A 3D networks model of GaN-based LED on sapphire substrate was built by finite element analysis to simulate the non-uniformity current spreading.Analog modeling was done on the four normal device structures,it was found that the factors effected the current of LED were the position of electrode and the parameters of device structure.Considering the practical structures of GaN-based LED,four LED designs were modeled and the optimal electrode distribution was obtained,meanwhile the structure parameters were optimized.It reveals that the smaller contact resistances and the thickness of p-GaN are,the more non-uniformity of current distribution is.国家自然科学基金(60276029);; 国家863计划(2004AA311020和2006AA032409);; 福建省科技项目和基金(2006H0092,A0210006,2005HZ1018

同步氢化/热缩聚法制备中间相沥青

通过同步氢化/热缩聚反应,制得中间相沥青(MP);重点研究了四氢萘(THN)用量对MP性质的影响。研究表明THN增加,MP的软化点(SP)随之降低,H/C随之提高,不溶分随之减少;偏振光显微镜研究表明THN用量少于8%时,MP的形貌为分布不均的各向异性与各向同性两种沥青的混合物;而随着THN的增加,各向异性沥青逐渐趋于以中间相小球形态,并且较为均匀地分布到各向同性沥青基质之中。MP经保温处理后,纺丝性能得到改善,最终制得横截面呈无规结构的沥青基碳纤维

沥青原料对沥青基碳纤维结构与性能的影响

以中间相萘沥青(AR树脂)和各向同性煤沥青(ICP)为原料,系统研究了沥青原料性质与由其制备的碳纤维结构、性能之间的关系。研究表明,AR树脂中的一维有序中间相结构在纺丝中被拉伸,形成不同中间相间的界面,成为应力集中区,在后续碳化过程因应力释放导致纤维开裂而损害其力学性能;而ICP沥青基本为无定形相结构,在纺丝过程中无明显的择优取向,碳化过程石墨化程度低,故其所成的碳纤维无应力集中和开裂问题,但也正是这无定形结构,使其最终力学性能也较差。以上结果说明,原料的性质可以"遗传"到沥青基碳纤维中。因此,改变沥青原料的性质是改善沥青基碳纤维结构和性能的有效途径之一

沥青原料对沥青基碳纤维结构与性能的影响

以中间相萘沥青(AR树脂)和各向同性煤沥青(ICP)为原料,系统研究了沥青原料性质与由其制备的碳纤维结构、性能之间的关系。研究表明,AR树脂中的一维有序中间相结构在纺丝中被拉伸,形成不同中间相间的界面,成为应力集中区,在后续碳化过程因应力释放导致纤维开裂而损害其力学性能;而ICP沥青基本为无定形相结构,在纺丝过程中无明显的择优取向,碳化过程石墨化程度低,故其所成的碳纤维无应力集中和开裂问题,但也正是这无定形结构,使其最终力学性能也较差。以上结果说明,原料的性质可以"遗传"到沥青基碳纤维中。因此,改变沥青原料的性质是改善沥青基碳纤维结构和性能的有效途径之一