1 research outputs found
Distributions of Dissolved Heavy Metals in Central Taiwan Hardwoods
No full text本研究自2010年6月至2012年5月於臺灣中部北東眼山、惠蓀林場及蓮華池3處闊葉林為試驗樣區，分別收集森林生態系林外雨、穿落水、土壤水及溪流水，檢測其中具移動性之重金屬及分析土壤重金屬含量及性質，探討可能影響重金屬移動之原因。觀察發現Co為3試驗地年輸入量最高之重金屬，另依序為Co > Ni > Pb > Fe > Cu > Zn > Cr > Mn ≧ Cd，且以冬春季及降雨量較多之期間重金屬濃度較高。林外降雨經過冠層之穿落水重金屬濃度皆上升，土壤水的重金屬濃度為最高，其中惠蓀林場Cr、Mn、Fe及Zn濃度較高，並隨著深度增加濃度呈現下降趨勢，蓮華池溪流水中Mn和Fe與林外雨濃度比較，則分別增加5.5、1.9倍，而多數重金屬於溪流水中濃度與林外雨相似。綜合試驗中重金屬濃度與pH值、溶解性有機碳 (dissolved oganic carbon, DOC)、土壤重金屬含量比較發現，與pH值呈顯著負相關 (p Ni> Pb>Fe>Cu>Zn>Cr>Mn≧Cd at three sites, and the concentrations were higher in spring and winter. Most heavy metal concentrations in throughfall were higher than that in bulk precipitation, the highest concentrations were Cr, Mn, Fe and Zn in soil solution of Hui-Sun experiment forest, and decreased with depth. The concentrations of Mn and Fe in streamwater in Lienhuachih increased 5.5,1.9 times than that in bulk precipitation, respectively, and the others were mostly equal to concentrations of bulk precipitation.
Significant negative correlations between the heavy metal concentrations and pH were found for Cr, Cu, Zn and Cd in bulk precipitation; Mn, Co, Cu, Cd and Pb in thoughfall; Cr, Mn, Zn, Cd and Pb in soil solution; Mn and Fe in streamwater (p < 0.05). Significant positive correlations between dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and heavy metal concentrations were found for Cu and Cd in bulk precipitation; Ni, Cu, Cd and Pb in thoughfall; Cr、Mn and Zn in soil solution; Cu in streamwater. Furthermore, Mn and Pb concentrations in soil solution were significant positive correlated with that in soil. Most of Kd values (Kd = [Metal] soil / [Metal] solution) of heavy metal were smaller in Hui-Sun experiment forest and Lienhauchi. The mobility heavy metal was increased with higher temperature and precipitation in Hui-Sun experiment forest and Lienhauchi. It would cause the acidification of soil and accelerate the decomposition of organic matter, like the low values of pH and high DOC concentrations in Hui-Sun experiment forest and Lienhauchi. These would also accelerate to release the heavy metal from soil. Concentrations of Fe and DOC was significant positive correlated with precipitation in soil solution and streamwater, and these would increase when higher precipitation.摘要....................................................................................................................................i
Abstract.............................................................................................................................ii
目次..................................................................................................................................iii
表目次.............................................................................................................................vii
圖目次............................................................................................................................viii
一、 前言..........................................................................................................................1
二、 前人研究..................................................................................................................3
(一) 重金屬來源及型態...........................................................................................3
1. 水溶性金屬離子........................................................................................3
2. 具可交換性................................................................................................3
3. 有機態之鍵結............................................................................................3
4. Fe及Mn之氧化物沉澱.............................................................................3
5. 重金屬以碳酸鹽、磷酸鹽及硫化物型態固定土壤中之型態..................4
6. 矽酸鹽鍵結結構........................................................................................4
(二) 影響重金屬移動性因子...................................................................................4
1. pH值..........................................................................................................5
2. 溶解性有機碳 (dissolved organic carbon, DOC).......................................5
3. 溫度與降雨量............................................................................................6
三、 材料與方法..............................................................................................................8
(一) 試驗地概況.......................................................................................................8
1. 北東眼山....................................................................................................8
2. 惠蓀林場....................................................................................................8
3. 蓮華池........................................................................................................8
(二) 水樣種類與收集...............................................................................................9
1. 降水的收集................................................................................................9
2. 穿落水的收集............................................................................................9
3. 土壤水的收集............................................................................................9
4. 溪流水的收集..........................................................................................10
(三) 水樣分析.........................................................................................................10
1. 水樣pH值................................................................................................10
2. DOC測定.................................................................................................10
3. 水樣重金屬..............................................................................................10
(四) 土壤收集與分析.............................................................................................11
1. 土壤pH值................................................................................................11
2. 置換性陽離子、CEC及鹽基飽和濃度...................................................11
3. 有機質......................................................................................................11
4. 土壤總重金屬含量..................................................................................12
(五) 林外雨重金屬年輸入量計算.........................................................................12
(六) 土壤重金屬Kd值推估....................................................................................12
(七) 統計分析.........................................................................................................12
四、 結果........................................................................................................................13
(一) 環境背景資料.................................................................................................13
1. 溫度與降雨量..........................................................................................13
2. 土壤化學物理性質..................................................................................14
3. 土壤總重金屬含量..................................................................................14
(二) 重金屬、pH值與DOC濃度於試驗地變化....................................................16
1. 林外雨溶解性重金屬年輸入量..............................................................16
2. 重金屬、pH值及DOC濃度變化.....................................................17
(1) 重金屬濃度變化...............................................................................17
a. Cr................................................................................................17
b. Mn..............................................................................................17
c. Fe...............................................................................................17
d. Co...............................................................................................17
e. Ni...............................................................................................18
f. Cu...............................................................................................18
g. Zn...............................................................................................18
h. Cd...............................................................................................19
i. Pb...............................................................................................19
(2) pH值變化.........................................................................................22
(3) DOC濃度變化..................................................................................23
(三) 重金屬濃度與pH、DOC濃度時間變化........................................................24
1. 重金屬濃度月變化..................................................................................24
(1) Cr.......................................................................................................24
(2) Mn.....................................................................................................24
(3) Fe.......................................................................................................24
(4) Co......................................................................................................24
(5) Ni.......................................................................................................25
(6) Cu......................................................................................................25
(7) Zn......................................................................................................25
(8) Cd......................................................................................................25
(9) Pb......................................................................................................25
2. pH值月變化............................................................................................29
3. DOC濃度月變化.....................................................................................29
(四) 溶解性重金屬和pH值、DOC濃度、土壤性質的相關性..............................32
1. 溶解性重金屬與pH值相關性................................................................32
2. 溶解性重金屬與DOC濃度相關性........................................................32
3. 溶解性重金屬與土壤重金屬含量相關性..............................................32
(五) 溶解性重金屬和溫度、降雨量的相關性.......................................................34
(六) 重金屬固液態比例Kd值 (Kd = [Metal]soil / [Metal]solution) 評估.................35
1. 各林分土壤重金屬Kd值.........................................................................35
2. Kd值與土壤性質相關性.........................................................................35
五、 討論........................................................................................................................37
(一) 臺灣中部3處闊葉林重金屬輸入..................................................................37
(二) 重金屬濃度變化探討.....................................................................................37
1. Cr..............................................................................................................37
2. Mn............................................................................................................38
3. Fe..............................................................................................................39
4. Co.............................................................................................................40
5. Ni..............................................................................................................40
6. Cu.............................................................................................................41
7. Zn.............................................................................................................42
8. Cd.............................................................................................................42
9. Pb.............................................................................................................42
(三) 重金屬濃度月變化.........................................................................................43
1. 林外雨及穿落水重金屬輸入月變化......................................................43
2. 土壤水重金屬月變化..............................................................................44
3. 溪流水重金屬月變化..............................................................................45
(四) 重金屬固液態比例Kd值 (Kd = [Metal]soil / [Metal]solution) 評估.................46
六、 結論........................................................................................................................50
七、 引用文獻................................................................................................................51
八、 附錄........................................................................................................................5
