The Distance from “Zhuzi Jiali (朱子家礼)”-Read “Naigai kan Sakki (内外艱箚記) ” of Inaba Mokusai-

The text“Zhuzi Jiali 朱子家札”compiled by Zhu Xi in South Song is a manual which concretely formed his doctrine in the performance of cappings, weddings, funerals, and ancestral rites. A lot of document on concerning this text were produced in Japan Edo period. These documents include two parts, that is, annotation of the book and practical records concerning the book. When we study on the situation of acceptance of this book in Japan, we have to consider the latter as well as the former. But the study on it was mainly concerned to the former, because records of the practice were not much in the past. In this paper, I will investigate Inaba Mokusai 稲葉黙斎(1732～1799)\u27s Naigai kan Sakki 内外艱箚記 written depending on "Zhuzi Jiali" and trace his thought under the context of Zhu Xi and Japan Edo period

A transformation of the Zhuzi jiali: The case of Yingchou huixuan

The “transformation” suggested in the title of this paper does not mean an intrinsic transformation of the text of the Zhuzi jiali itself - an alteration deriving from the struggle between fundamentalist （prescriptive） and situational（ adaptive） readings of the text or notes-rather, it denotes an extrinsic transformation. This extrinsic transformation may be seen in the Qing‒dynasty Yingchou huixuan considered here. This work consists of two volumes: a collection of letters and the text of the Jiali; the latter volume also contains a number of prefaces and appreciations, positioning the Jiali（ or the concept of the Jiali） within the category of yingchou, or social intercourse. In other words, the attention and emphasis is directed outside the text itself, where a variety of social intercourse outside the clan has been routinized in the form of letters of greeting and appreciation（ tieshi）. It is here that we can see the transformation, not so much in the text of the Jiali itself, but in the significance of the Jiali or the concept of it. Through the Yingchou huixuan the text extends its antennae toward society and the community, and a Jiali-or an image of it-appears as a point of contact in human relations

"Cannot ventilate, cannot intubate" situation after penetration of the tongue root through to the epipharynx by a surfboard: a case report

BACKGROUND: Surfing is an increasingly popular activity and surfing-related injuries have increased accordingly. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no reports of penetrating upper airway injuries in surfers. We present a "cannot ventilate, cannot intubate" situation following penetrating neck injury by a surfboard fin. CASE PRESENTATION: A previously healthy 29-year-old Japanese man was swept off his board by a large wave and his left mandible, tongue root, and right epipharynx were penetrated by the surfboard fin. He presented with severe hypovolemic shock because of copious bleeding from his mouth. Direct laryngoscopy failed, as did manual ventilation, because of the exacerbated upper airway bleeding and distorted upper airway anatomy. Open cricothyrotomy was immediately performed, followed by surgical exploration, which revealed extensive ablation of his tongue root and laceration of his lingual artery. After definitive hemostasis and intensive care, he returned home with no sequelae. CONCLUSIONS: The long, semi-sharp surfboard fin created both extensive crushing upper airway lesions and a sharp vascular injury, resulting in a difficult airway. This case illustrates that surfing injuries can prompt a life-threatening airway emergency and serves as a caution for both surfers and health care professionals

Ether's Force of Destiny Versus the Trend of Events : on Zhu Xi 朱熹 's understanding of history

That history moves on down in the repetitive pattern of order and chaos constitutes the general framework of Zhu Xi's understanding of history. But this basically pessimistic attitude is then connected with his theory of ether (qi 氣), the force of which heaven, earth, and the myriad beings are composed, and which is increasingly weakened as time passes on. Yet this ether influences history as the irresistible force of destiny that causes the arising of selfish movements in some periods. Separate from this transcendental power, ether's force of destiny (qishu 氣數), Zhu Xi also acknowledges the force of necessity inherent in the course of history itself. This he calls the trend of events (shishi 事勢). In Zhu Xi's understanding of history based on the four forces of ether, trend (shi 勢), principle (li 理), and man (ren 人), his detached view of the reality of history can be recognized, as much as his enthusiasm about its salvation