两段式固定床反应器上生物油水相部分的重整制氢反应

比较了不使用催化剂和使用商业催化剂Z204时两段式反应器生物油水相部分的重整制氢反应的特点,研究了反应温度和生物油水相部分蒸馏温度对生物油水相部分重整制氢反应的影响,考察了催化剂的寿命和蒸馏残渣的特性。实验结果表明,在两段式反应器上使用Z204催化剂时,H2收率最高可达47%,明显高于不加催化剂时的H2收率;在蒸馏温度为200℃、反应温度为750℃的条件下,反应在约4h的反应时间内H2收率基本维持在35%左右。对蒸馏残渣的特性考察表明生物油水相部分蒸馏残渣的变形温度要远高于反应时的温度

Z204催化剂上生物油水相重整制氢反应

比较了不使用催化剂和使用商业催化剂Z204时生物油水相重整制氢反应的特点，研究了催化剂的还原时间和反应温度对生物油水相重整制氢反应的影响，考察了催化剂的寿命和反应器阻力增大的原因。实验结果表明，使用Z204催化剂时，H2收率最高可达58％，明显高于不加催化剂时的H2收率；在催化剂还原时间1．0h、反应温度750℃的条件下，反应30min后H2收率达到42％，随后略有下降，在540min的反应时间内H2收率基本维持在35％左右。反应过程中生成的碳渣使反应器阻力增大，碳渣是由积碳和含有Fe，Ca，Al，Pb，Mn，Si，Na，Mg等无机元素的灰分组成的

镍基催化剂上生物油临氢催化改质的试验研究

采用等体积浸渍法，制备了系列镍基催化剂。以乙酸为模型化合物，对所制备的催化剂活性进行评价，并讨论不同反应条件、不同催化剂的处理方式对其活性的影响，对临氢催化改质机理进行了讨论。在筛选出的活性较高的Mo-10Ni／γ-Al2O3催化剂上，对生物油临氢催化改质进行了研究。实验结果表明，生物油经改质后pH值由2．16升至2．84，含水量由46．2％增至58．99％，表明通过对羧基临氢催化改质来降低生物油的酸性具有可行性

生物质快速热解油水相溶液超声乳化特性

使用生物油水相溶液与0#柴油乳化,筛选了四种常用乳化剂和一种助乳化剂进行复配乳化实验,考察了复配乳化剂型号、乳化剂用量、超声作用时间对乳化效果的影响。结果表明,六种乳化液超过30d不破乳,与0#柴油相比,密度和热值相差不大,含水量3%以下,黏度增大约40%,pH值降低一半。因素分析法表明,水相溶液与柴油质量比和不同的水相溶液对乳化效果影响较大。探讨了乳化机理,认为生物油水相溶液中水、醛、酸、酮等极性组分化合物稳定地被乳化剂包裹在W/O型乳化液液滴中,生物油水相溶液中少量的乙酸乙酯、芳香类化合物等则增溶于非离子乳化剂胶束中。热力学分析表明,超声乳化作用比静置作用具有更大的熵增,乳化液更趋于稳定平衡状态

Analysis of the COI sequence characteristics and genetic diversity of Oratosquilla oratoria in the Xiaoqing River Estuary and its adjacent sea

The Xiaoqing River Estuary has been severely polluted due to the quick development of industry and agriculture as well as the rapid increase in the population in the region. Mantis shrimp (Oratosquilla oratoria) is an important fishery resource in this area that is under great threat from overfishing and pollution. In this study, samples were collected in the Xiaoqing River Estuary and its adjacent sea during June-August 2020 to understand the population genetic diversity based on COI gene. A total of 90 haplotypes and 63 polymorphic loci, including 59 transition loci, 1 transversion loci, and 3 loci where both a transition and transversion existed, were defined based on 216 COI gene fragments with a length of 655 bp. The nucleotide diversity and haplotype diversity were 0.970 0 and 0.005 1, respectively. Compared with other sea areas, we found that the genetic diversity of the Xiaoqing River Estuary population was relatively high. Meanwhile, genetic structure analysis showed an obvious difference in the genetic variation of the mantis shrimp population on a large spatial scale, e.g., the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea, the East China Sea and the South China Sea. Whereas, it did not show any difference on a relatively smaller spatial scale, e.g., the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea. The genetic diversity background of the mantis shrimp population in the Xiaoqing River Estuary and its adjacent sea could provide a theoretical basis for resource management and germplasm bank establishment

Benthic food web structure of Xiaoqing River Estuary adjacent sea area revealed by carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis

To examine the benthos food web structure in the Xiaoqing River Estuary adjacent sea area, four potential food sources, including sediment organic matter (SOM), suspended particulate organic matter (POM), zooplankton and phytoplankton, and 35 aquatic organisms are collected in October 2020. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope technique and Bayesian mixing model (MixSIAR) are used to analyze the food web structure and the trophic relationship of benthos. The results show that the delta~(13)C and delta~(15)N values of potential food sources varies from-25.56 to-17.91 and 2.43 to 10.33 , respectively. Moreover, the delta~(13)C and delta~(15)N values of benthos varies from-23.48 to-18.31 and 8.79 to 18.01, respectively. The trophic levels of the main consumers rang from 1.65 (Arcuatula senhousia) to 3.54 (Ctenotrypauchen chinensis). Trophic relationship analysis showes that there are two main energy transfer pathways in the Xiaoqing River Estuary adjacent sea area. One is the planktonic food chain with plankton as the major energy source, in which bivalves (except Solen brevissimus), small shrimps, and polychaetes are the main primary consumers. The other is the benthic food chain with SOM as the major energy source, in which Solen brevissimus and gastropods are the main primary consumers. On the whole, there is a certain degree of niche overlap and fierce competition among species in the Xiaoqing River Estuary adjacent sea area