Long-term survival of patients with cerebrovascular accident in different age groups in the REGION-M registry

Aim. To study the two-year survival rate of patients with cerebrovascular accident (CVA) in different age groups.Material and methods. The outpatient part of the REGION-M registry included 684 patients assigned to the City Polyclinic № 64 in Moscow, discharged from the F. I. Inozemtsev City Clinical Hospital (Moscow) in the period from January 1, 2012 to April 30, 2017 with a confirmed diagnosis of stroke or transient ischemic attack. All patients were divided into 5 age groups: group 1 — from 18 to 50 years old (n=72 (10,5%)), group 2 — from 51 to 60 years old (n=122 (17,8%)), group 3 — from 61 to 70 years old (n=156 (22,8%)), group 4 — from 71 to 80 years old (n=185 (27,0%)) and group 5 — 81 years and above (n=149 (21,8%)). Patient survival was assessed after 2 years of follow-up.Results. The mortality rate of patients during the follow-up period significantly increased with age as follows: in patients of 18-50 years old — 4%, 51-60 years old — 9,8%, 61-70 years old — 23,7%, 71-80 years old — 34%, 81-100 years old — 55% (p<0,0001). The relative death risk was 2,3 in group 2 (NA), 6,8 in group 3 (p<0,001), 9,8 in group 4 (p<0,0001) and 18,5 in group 5 (p<0,0001) compared with group 1. With increasing age in the study cohort, the proportion of women increased as follows: from 47,2% in group 1 to 77,9% in group 5 (p<0,0001). However, mortality among men and women in the groups did not differ. Patients in older age groups were more likely to have comorbidities and disability before the CVA. With increasing age, ischemic stroke was significantly more common and transient ischemic attack was less common (p<0,001).Conclusion. Mortality of patients who underwent stroke was significantly higher in older age groups and did not differ among men and women

Clinical and Anamnestic Characteristics, Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Long-term Outcomes in Multimorbid Patients after COVID-19

Aim. To study the clinical and anamnestic characteristics, pharmacotherapy of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and long-term outcomes in post-COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular multimorbidity (CVMM), enrolled in the prospective hospital registry.Material and methods. In patients with confirmed COVID-19 included in the TARGET-VIP registry, the CVMM criterion was the presence of two or more CVDs: arterial hypertension (AH), coronary heart disease (CHD), chronic heart failure (CHF), atrial fibrillation (AF). There were 163 patients in the CVMM group and 382 – in the group without CVD. The information was obtained initially from hospital history sheet, and afterwards – from a telephone survey of patients after 30-60 days, 6 and 12 months, from electronic databases. The follow-up period was 13.0±1.5 months.Results. The age of post-COVID patients with CVMM was 73.7±9.6 years, without CVD – 49.4±12.4 years (p<0.001), the proportion of men was 53.9% and 58.4% (p=0.34). In the group with CVMM the majority of patients had AH (92.3-93.3%), CHD (90.4-91.4%), and minority – CHF (42.7-46.0%) and AF (42.9-43.4%). The combination of 3-4 CVDs prevailed (58.9-60.3%). The proportion of cases of chronic non-cardiac pathologies was higher in the CVMM group (80.9%) compared to the group without CVD (36.7%; p<0.001). The frequency of proper cardiovascular pharmacotherapy during the follow-up period decreased from 56.8% to 51.3% (p for trend = 0.18). The frequency of anticoagulant therapy in AF decreased significantly: from 89.1% at the discharge from the hospital to 56.4% after 30-60 days (p=0.001), 57.1% and 53.6% after 6 and 12 months of monitoring (p for a trend <0.001). There were no other significant changes in the frequency of other kinds of the proper cardiovascular pharmacotherapy (p>0.05). There were higher rate of all-cause mortality among patients with CMMM (12.9% vs 2.9%, p<0.001) as well as rates of hospitalization (34.7% and 9.9%, p<0.001) and non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI) – 2.5% vs 0.5% (p=0.048). The proportion of new cases of CVD in the groups with CVMM and without CVD was 5.5% and 3.7% (p=0.33). The incidence of acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI)/influenza was higher in the group without CVD – 28.3% vs 19.0% (p=0.02). The proportion of cases of recurrent COVID-19 in groups with CVMM and without CVD was 3.7 % and 1.8% (p=0.19).Conclusion. Post COVID-19 patients with CVMM were older and had the bigger number of chronic non-cardiac diseases than patients without CVD. The quality of cardiovascular pharmacotherapy in patients with CVMM was insufficient at the discharge from the hospital with following non-significant decrease during 12 months of follow-up. The frequency of anticoagulant therapy in AF decreased by 1.6 times after 30-60 days and by 1.7 times during the year of follow-up. The proportion of new cases of CVD was 5.5% and 3.7% with no significant differences between compared groups. The rate of all-cause mortality, hospitalizations and non-fatal MI was significantly higher in patients with CVMM, but the frequency of ARVI/influenza was significantly higher in patients without CVD. Recurrent COVID-19 was registered in 3.7% and 1.8% of cases, there were no significant differences between compared groups

Patients with a Combination of Atrial Fibrillation and Chronic Heart Failure in Clinical Practice: Comorbidities, Drug Treatment and Outcomes

Aim. To assess in clinical practice the structure of multimorbidity, cardiovascular pharmacotherapy and outcomes in patients with a combination of atrial fibrillation (AF) and chronic heart failure (CHF) based on prospective registries of patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD).Materials and Methods. The data of 3795 patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) were analyzed within the registries RECVASA (Ryazan), RECVASA FP (Moscow, Kursk, Tula, Yaroslavl), REGION-PO and REGION-LD (Ryazan), REGION-Moscow, REGATA (Ryazan). The comparison groups consisted of 3016 (79.5%) patients with AF in combination with CHF and 779 (29.5%) patients with AF without CHF. The duration of prospective observation is from 2 to 6 years.Results. Patients with a combination of AF and CHF (n=3016, age was 72.0±10.3 years; 41.8% of men) compared with patients with AF without CHF (n=779, age was 70.3±12.0 years; 43.5% of men) had a higher risk of thromboembolic complications (CHA2DS2-VASc – 4.68±1.59 and 3.10±1.50; p<0.001) and hemorrhagic complications (HAS-BLED – 1.59±0.77 and 1.33±0.76; p<0.05). Patients with a combination of AF and CHF significantly more often (p<0.001) than in the absence of CHF were diagnosed with arterial hypertension (93.9% and 83.8%), coronary heart disease (87.9% and 53,5%), myocardial infarction (28.4% and 14.0%), diabetes mellitus (22.4% and 7.7%), chronic kidney disease (24.8% and 16.2%), as well as respiratory diseases (20.1% and 15.3%; p=0.002). Patients with AF in the presence of CHF, compared with patients without CHF, were more often diagnosed with a permanent form of arrhythmia (49.3% and 32.9%; p<0.001) and less often paroxysmal (22.5% and 46.2%; p<0.001) form  of  arrhythmia.  Ejection  fraction  ≤40%  (9.3%  and  1.2%;  p<0.001),  heart  rate  ≥90/min  (23.7% and 19.3%; p=0.008) and blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg (59.9% and 52.2%; p<0.001) were recorded with AF in the presence of CHF more often than in the absence of CHF. The frequency of proper cardiovascular pharmacotherapy was higher, albeit insufficient, in the presence of CHF (64.9%) than in the absence of it (56.1%), but anticoagulants were prescribed less frequently when AF and CHF were combined (38.8% and  49, 0%; p<0.001). The frequency of unreasonable prescription of antiplatelet agents instead of anticoagulants was 52.5% and 33.3% (p<0.001) in the combination of AF, CHF and coronary heart disease, as well as in the combination of AF with coronary heart disease but without CHF. Patients with AF and CHF during the observation period compared with those without CHF had higher mortality from all causes (37.6% and 30.3%; p=0.001), the frequency of non-fatal cerebral stroke (8.2% and 5.4%; p=0.032) and myocardial infarction (4.7% and 2.5%; p=0.036), hospitalizations for CVD (22.8% and 15.5%; p<0.001).Conclusion. Patients with a combination of AF and CHF, compared with the group of patients with AF without CHF, were older, had a higher risk of thromboembolic and hemorrhagic complications, they were more often diagnosed with other concomitant cardiovascular and chronic noncardiac diseases, decreased left ventricular ejection fraction, tachysystole, failure to achieve the target blood pressure level in the presence of arterial hypertension. The frequency of prescribing proper cardiovascular pharmacotherapy was higher, albeit insufficient, in the presence of CHF, while the frequency of prescribing anticoagulants was less. The  incidence of mortality from all causes, the development of non-fatal myocardial infarction   and cerebral stroke, as well as the incidence of hospitalizations for CVDs were higher in AF associated with CHF

Long-term outcomes in patients after COVID-19: data from the TARGET-VIP registry

Aim. To assess long-term outcomes within 12 months after hospital treatment of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as part of a prospective registry.Material and methods. Outcomes in the posthospital period were assessed in 827 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 (age, 58,0±14,8 years; men, 51,3%). For periods of 30-60 days, 6 and 12 months after discharge from the hospital, cases of death, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke, hospitalization, acute respiratory viral infections/influenza were assessed. The follow-up period was 13,0±1,5 months.Results. During the follow-up period, 35 (4,2%) patients died, 6 (0,73%) and 4 (0,48%) cases of MI and stroke were registered. In addition, 142 (17%) patients were hospitalized, while 217 (26,2%) patients had acute respiratory viral infections/ influenza. Factors of age and length of intensive care unit stay were significantly associated (p<0,001) with the risk of all-cause death (hazard ratio (HR)=1,085 per 1 year of life and HR=6,98, respectively), with the risk of composite endpoint (death, non-fatal MI and stroke): HR=1,081 per 1 year of life and HP=4,47. Of the 35 deaths, 11 (31%) were within the first 30 days of follow-up, and 19 (54%) — 90 days after discharge from the hospital. A higher probability of hospitalization was associated with older age (odds ratio (OR)=1,038; p<0,001), while a higher probability of acute respiratory viral infections/influenza was associated with younger age (OR=0,976 per 1 year of life; p<0,001) and female sex (OR=1,414; p=0,03).Conclusion. A prospective follow-up of 827 patients in the TARGET-VIP registry revealed that 12-month mortality was 4,2%, while more than half of the deaths (54%) were registered in the first 90 days, including 31% — for the first month after discharge from the hospital. The most common events were hospitalizations (17,0%) and acute respiratory viral infections/influenza (26,2%), while the rarest were myocardial infarction (0,73%) and stroke (0,48%). The key factors associated with 12-month mortality in the post-COVID-19 period were older age and intensive care unit stay during the reference hospitalization. A higher readmission rate during the follow-up period was associated with older age, and the prevalence of acute respiratory viral infections /influenza during the follow-up period was associated with younger patients and female sex

Prehospital Period in Patients with COVID-19: Cardiovascular Comorbidity and Pharmacotherapy During the First Epidemic Wave (Hospital Registry Data)

Aim. Based on the data from the register of patients with COVID-19 and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), analyze the duration of the prehospital period, cardiovascular comorbidity and the quality of prehospital pharmacotherapy of concomitant cardiovascular diseases (CVD).Material and methods. Patients were included to the study which admitted to the FSBI "NMHC named after N.I. Pirogov" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation with a suspected or confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 and/or CAP. The data for prehospital therapy, information from medical histories and a patients’survey in the hospital or by telephone contact 1-2 weeks after discharge were study. The duration of the prehospital stage was determined from the date of the appearance of clinical symptoms of coronavirus infection to the date of hospitalization.Results. The average age of the patients (n=1130; 579 [51.2%] men and 551 [48.8%] women) was 57.5±12.8 years. The prehospital stage was 7 (5,0; 10,0) days and did not differ significantly in patients with the presence and absence of CVD, but was significantly less in the deceased than in the surviving patients, as well as in those who required artificial lung ventilation (ALV). 583 (51.6%) patients had at least one CVD. Cardiovascular comorbidity was registered in 222 (42.7%) patients with hypertension, 210 (95.5%) patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), 104 (91.2%) patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). The inclusion of non-cardiac chronic diseases in the analysis led to an increase in the total proportion of patients with concomitant diseases to 65.8%. Approximately a quarter of hypertensive patients did not receive antihypertensive therapy, a low proportion of patients receiving antiplatelet agents and statins for CHD was revealed – 53% and 31.8%, respectively, anticoagulants for AF – 50.9%.Conclusion. The period from the onset of symptoms to hospitalization was significantly shorter in the deceased than in the surviving patients, as well as in those who required ALV. The proportion of people with a history of at least one CVD was about half of the entire cohort of patients. In patients with CVD before COVID-19 disease, a low frequencies of prescribing antihypertensive drugs, statins, antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants (in patients with AF) were recorded at the prehospital stage

Combination of Atrial Fibrillation and Coronary Heart Disease in Patients in Clinical Practice: Comorbidities, Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes (Data from the REСVASA Registries)

Aim. Assess the structure of comorbid conditions, cardiovascular pharmacotherapy and outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and concomitant coronary artery disease (CAD) included in the outpatient and hospital RECVASA registries.Materials and methods. 3169 patients with AF were enrolled in outpatient RECVASA (Ryazan), RECVASA AF-Yaroslavl registries and hospital RECVASA AF (Moscow, Kursk, Tula). 2497 (78.8%) registries of patients with AF had CAD and 703 (28.2%) of them had a previous myocardial infarction (MI).Results. There were 2,497 patients with a combination of AF and CAD (age was 72.2±9.9 years; 43.1% of men; CHA2DS2-VASc – 4.57±1.61 points; HAS-BLED – 1.60±0,75 points), and the group with AF without CAD included 672 patients (age was 66.0±12.3 years; 43.2% of men; CHA2DS2-VASc – 3.26±1.67 points; HAS-BLED – 1,11±0.74 points). Patients with CAD were on average 6.2 years older and had a higher risk of thromboembolic and hemorrhagic complications (p<0.05). 703 patients with a combination of AF and CAD had the previous myocardial infarction (MI; age was 72.3±9.5 years; 55.2% of men; CHA2DS2-VASc – 4.57±1.61; HAS-BLED – 1.65±0.76), and 1794 patients didn't have previous MI (age was 72.2±10.0 years; 38.4% of men; CHA2DS2-VASc – 4.30±1.50; HAS-BLED – 1.58±0.78). The proportion of men was 1.4 times higher among those with the previous MI. Patients with a combination of AF and CAD significantly more often (p <0.0001) than in the absence of CAD received a diagnosis of hypertension (93.8% and 78.6%), chronic heart failure (90.1% and 51.2%), diabetes mellitus (21.4% and 13.8%), chronic kidney disease (24.8% and 17.7%), as well as anemia (7.0% and 3.0%; p=0.001). Patients with and without the previous MI had the only significant difference in the form of a diabetes mellitus higher incidence having the previous MI (27% versus 19.2%, p=0.0008). The frequency of proper cardiovascular pharmacotherapy was insufficient, mainly in the presence of CAD (67.8%) than in its absence (74.5%), especially the prescription of anticoagulants (39.1% and 66.2%; p <0.0001), as well as in the presence of the previous MI (63.3%) than in its absence (74.3%). The presence of CAD and, in particular, the previous MI, was significantly associated with a higher risk of death (risk ratio [RR]=1.58; 95% confidence interval [CI] was 1.33-1.88; p <0.001 and RR=1.59; 95% CI was 1.33-1.90; p <0.001), as well as with a higher risk of developing a combined cardiovascular endpoint (RR=1.88; 95% CI was 1.17-3 , 00; p <0.001 and RR=1.75; 95% CI was 1.44-2.12; p<0.001, respectively).Conclusion. 78.8% of patients from AF registries in 5 regions of Russia were diagnosed with CAD, of which 28.2% had previously suffered myocardial infarction. Patients with a combination of AF and CAD more often than in the absence of CAD had hypertension, chronic heart failure, diabetes, chronic kidney disease and anemia. Patients with the previous MI had higher incidence of diabetes than those without the previous MI. The frequency of proper cardiovascular pharmacotherapy was insufficient, and to a greater extent in the presence of CAD and the previous MI than in their absence. All-cause mortality was recorded in patients with a combination of AF and CAD more often than in the absence of CAD. All-cause mortality and the incidence of nonfatal myocardial infarction were higher in patients with AF and the previous MI than in those without the previous MI. The presence of CAD and, in particular, the previous MI, was significantly associated with a higher risk of death, as well as a higher risk of developing a combined cardiovascular endpoint

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА МУЛЬТИМОРБИДНОСТИ, МЕДИКАМЕНТОЗНОГО ЛЕЧЕНИЯ И ИСХОДОВ У БОЛЬНЫХ С СОЧЕТАНИЕМ ПЕРЕНЕСЕННОГО ОСТРОГО НАРУШЕНИЯ МОЗГОВОГО КРОВООБРАЩЕНИЯ И ФИБРИЛЛЯЦИИ ПРЕДСЕРДИЙ ПРИ НАЛИЧИИ ИЛИ ОТСУТСТВИИ АНАМНЕЗА ИНФАРКТА МИОКАРДА (ДАННЫЕ РЕГИСТРОВ РЕГИОН)

AIM. Within the framework of outpatient and hospital registers of REGION (REGIster of patients who have undergone acute cerebrovascular accident) to carry out a comparative assessment of demographic and clinical-anamnestical characteristics, medical treatment and outcomes in clinical practice in patients with a combination of undergone acute cerebrovascular accident (ACVA) and atrial fibrillation (AF) in the presence or absence of myocardial infarction (MI) in the medical history.MATERIAL AND METHODS. Outpatient registers REGION (Ryazan) and hospital register REGION (Moscow) included 1886 patients who have undergone ACVA (age 70.6 ± 12.5 years, 41.9% of men), of them 516 (27.4%) people with AF. Comparison groups included 152 (8.1%) patients with a combination of ACVA, AF and MI in medical history (ACVA + AF + MI group) and 364 (19.3%) patients with ACVA, AF without MI (ACVA + AF without MI group). The presence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), concomitant diseases, drug therapy and outcomes were analyzed.RESULTS. In the group of ACVA + AF + MI patients, compared to the ACVA + AF without MI group, the share of patients with AH (100% and 97.2%), IHD (100% and 87.1%), CHD (68.4% and 57.1%), repeated ACVA (36.9% and 23.9%), diabetes mellitus in women (39.5% and 20.4%) was statistically significantly higher. In the comparison groups, the share of smokers (13.3% and 15.5%), patients with burdened heredity of early development of CVDs (2.1% and 1.1%) and hypercholesterolemia (41.1% and 50.0%) did not differ significantly, however, in the group of ACVA + AF + MI, in comparison with the group of ACVA + AF without MI, there was a higher risk on the CHA2DS2-VASc scale (5.26 ± 1.32 and 4.09 ± 1.44; p < 0.001) and HAS-BLED scale (1.91 ± 0.76 and 1.62 ± 0.79; p < 0.01). Patients with AF of REGION register, both with and without MI, had insufficient frequency of proper medical prescriptions for CVDs (46.6% and 38.9% on average), especially prescription of anticoagulants (19.1% and 21.4%), statins in case of IHD (33.6% and 27.4%) and beta-adrenoblockers in case of CHD (39.4% and 35.6%).  During the four-year period of observation, in comparison with post-stroke patients without a history of MI, the mortality rate for all causes was 1.5 times higher (56.6% and 37.6%, p = 0.0001), the incidence of non-fatal MI was higher (2.0% and 0.3%,p = 0.04). CONCLUSION. Patients with a combination of ACVA, AF and MI history are a very high risk group for adverse outcomes observed on an outpatient stage. For these patients it is very important to improve the quality of drug therapy and the effectiveness of secondary prophylaxis.ЦЕЛЬ. В рамках амбулаторных и госпитального регистров РЕГИОН (РЕГИстр больных, перенесших Острое Нарушение мозгового кровообращения) провести сравнительную оценку демографических и клинико-анамнестических характеристик, медикаментозного лечения и исходов в клинической практике у больных с сочетанием перенесенного острого нарушения мозгового кровообращения (ОНМК) и фибрилляции предсердий (ФП) при наличии или отсутствии инфаркта миокарда (ИМ) в анамнезе.МАТЕРИАЛ И МЕТОДЫ. В амбулаторные регистры РЕГИОН (Рязань) и в госпитальный регистр РЕГИОН (Москва) включено 1886 пациентов, перенесших ОНМК (возраст 70,6 ± 12,5 лет, 41,9% мужчин), из них с ФП 516 (27,4%) человек. Группы сравнения составили 152 (8,1%) пациента с сочетанием перенесенного ОНМК, ФП и ИМ в анамнезе (группа ОНМК + ФП + ИМ) и 364 (19,3%) больных с ОНМК, ФП без анамнеза ИМ (группа ОНМК + ФП без ИМ). Проанализированы наличие сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний (ССЗ), сопутствующих заболеваний, медикаментозная терапия и исходы.РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. В группе пациентов ОНМК + ФП + ИМ, по сравнению с пациентами группы ОНМК + ФП без ИМ, была статистически значимо выше доля лиц с АГ (100% и 97,2%), ИБС (100% и 87,1%), ХСН (68,4% и 57,1%), повторного ОНМК (36,9% и 23,9%), сахарного диабета у женщин (39,5% и 20,4%). В группах сравнения доля курящих (13,3% и 15,5%), пациентов с отягощенной наследственностью раннего развития ССЗ (2,1% и 1,1%) и гиперхолестеринемией (41,1% и 50,0%) существенно не различалась, однако в группе ОНМК + ФП + ИМ, по сравнению с группой ОНМК + ФП без ИМ, был выше риск по шкале СHA 2DS2–VASc (5,26 ± 1,32 и 4,09 ± 1,44; p < 0,001) и шкале HAS-BLED (1,91 ± 0,76 и 1,62 ± 0,79; p < 0,01). У больных с ФП регистра РЕГИОН, как с перенесенным ИМ, так и без ИМ, частота должных медикаментозных назначений по поводу ССЗ была недостаточной (в среднем 46,6% и 38,9%), особенно назначения антикоагулянтов (19,1% и 21,4%), статинов при ИБС (33,6% и 27,4%) и бета-адреноблокаторов при ХСН (39,4% и 35,6%). За четырехлетний период наблюдения у больных группы ОНМК + ФП + ИМ, по сравнению с постинсультными пациентами без анамнеза ИМ, смертность от всех причин была в 1,5 раза выше (56,6% и 37,6%, p = 0,0001), чаще развивался нефатальный ИМ (2,0% и 0,3%, р = 0,04).ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Больные с сочетанием перенесенных ОНМК, ФП и анамнеза ИМ являются группой очень высокого риска неблагоприятного исхода при наблюдении на амбулаторном этапе. Для данных пациентов крайне важным является повышение качества медикаментозной терапии и эффективности вторичной профилактики

Comparative Characteristics of Patients with Cerebral Stroke and Myocardial Infarction in Outpatient Practice: Structure of Comorbidity, Risk Factors, Drug Treatment and Outcomes

Aim. To conduct a comparative analysis of clinical and anamnestic characteristics, risk factors, pharmacotherapy and outcomes in patients with previous stroke and myocardial infarction (MI) in outpatient practice based on data from prospective outpatient registries.Material and methods. On the basis of three outpatient clinics in Ryazan, based on the results of treatment in 2012-2013, an outpatient registry of patients who had stroke of any remoteness (REGION-AR) and an outpatient registry of patients who had previous myocardial infarction (REGATA) were created, which included, respectively, 511 patients (212 men, 41.5%) and 481 patients (247 men, 51.4%). Clinical and anamnestic characteristics, risk factors, prescribed pharmacotherapy, and its compliance with clinical guidelines were evaluated.Results. Most of the patients in the REGION-AR and REGATA registries were diagnosed with arterial hypertension (AH; 97.1% and 98.5%), coronary heart disease (СHD; 75.1% and 100%), chronic heart failure (CHF; 74.0% and 94.8%), and the proportion of atrial fibrillation (AF) cases were 20.9% and 23.3%, respectively. The share of smokers was significantly higher (23.4% vs 8.9%; p<0.0001) in the REGATA registry, and the share of people with high blood pressure at the inclusion visit (82.6% vs 67.6 %; p<0.0001) and hypercholesterolemia (63.8% vs 45.8%; p<0.0001) was higher in the REGION-AR registry. In both registries, there was a generally insufficient frequency of proper medication prescriptions, while patients in the REGION registry were statistically significantly less likely to receive mandatory prescriptions in general (44.4% vs 58.2%, p<0.0001), including antihypertensive therapy for hypertension, as well as angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in CHF, beta-blockers in CHF and MI history, statins in CHD, antiplatelet agents in CHD without AF. Over 3 years of follow-up, the degree of compliance of drug prescriptions with clinical recommendations increased both in the REGION-AR registry (from 44.4% to 58.2%) and in the REGATA registry (from 58.2% to 62.9%). For 36 months of prospective observation in the REGION-AR registry, as compared to the REGATA registry, there was a higher mortality rate (22.1% vs 17.0%; p=0.04), moreover the mortality rate among men was higher (22.2% vs 14.2%; p=0.03), and among women it did not differ significantly (22.1% and 20.0%; p=0.56).Conclusion. Outpatient registries of patients who survived after acute cerebrovascular accident and myocardial infarction were comparable in terms of the average age of patients, however, women prevailed in the REGION-AR study, and men - in the REGATA registry. In the registry of patients who had myocardial infarction, СHD, CHF, respiratory and digestive system diseases, chronic kidney disease, obesity were more often diagnosed, less often – heart defects and oncological diseases. This category of patients was more often prescribed ACE inhibitors/ARBs, beta-blockers, statins, antiplatelet agents. The proportion of compliance of prescriptions with clinical guidelines was higher in the registry of patients who underwent MI both at the stage of inclusion and during subsequent prospective observation. In both registries, an improvement in the quality of drug therapy was noted after 3 years of follow-up. Mortality from all causes over 3 years of follow-up was significantly higher in the registry of post-stroke patients compared to the registry of those with MI, and this was due to the higher mortality in men (1.6 times), but among women in the compared studies the death rate did not differ significantly

Outpatient Registry REGION: Prospective Follow-up Data and Outcomes in Patients After Acute Cerebrovascular Accident

Aim. To estimate outcomes and risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular (CV) mortality, and non-fatal CV events in patients with a history of acute cerebrovascular accident (ACVA) according to data of outpatient prospective registries.Material and methods. 986 patients with a history of ACVA (aged 70.6Ѓ}10.9 years; 56.8% women) were enrolled into the outpatient registry REGION-Ryazan, including the registry of patients with ACVA of any remoteness (ACVA-AR) – 511 (aged 70.4Ѓ}10.5 years; 58.5% women) and the registry of patients, visited outpatient clinics for the first time after ACVA (ACVA-FT) – 475 (aged 70.8Ѓ}11.3 years; 54.9% women). Outcomes, risk of all-cause and CV mortality, composite CV endpoint (CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction and ACVA), hospitalizations due to CV diseases (CVD) were evaluated during 37 (17;52) months of follow-up period.Results. 310 (31.2%) patients died during the follow-up. The most part of fatal outcomes (56.4%) was registered during the first year of follow-up, especially during the first 3 months (33.9%). Mortality among men (35.9%) was higher than among women (28.0%), р=0.008. 147 (28.8%) and 163 (34.3%) patients died in registries ACVA-AR and ACVA-FT, respectively (70.4% and 90.2% of fatal outcomes were from CV causes, respectively; р=0.04). The higher risk of death was associated with the following factors: age – hazard ratio (HR) 1.10 for each next year of age (95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.09-1.12); sex (men) – HR 2.01 (95%CI 1.55-2.62); atrial fibrillation (AF) – HR 1.42 (95%CI 1,09-1,86); recurrent ACVA – HR 1.64 (95%CI 1.23-2.19); history of myocardial infarction (MI) – HR 1.45 (95%CI 1.09-1.93); low blood hemoglobin level – HR 2.44 (95%CI 1.59-3.79); heart rate ≥80 beats/min – HR 1.51 (95%CI 1.13-2.03); diabetes – HR 1.56 (95%CI 1.16-2.08); chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) – HR 1.89 (95%CI 1.34-2.66); no antihypertensive therapy in arterial hypertension – HR 2.03 (95%CI 1.42-2.88). The lower risk of death was associated with the following factors: prescription of ACE inhibitors (ACEI) – HR 0.60 (95%CI 0.42-0.85); angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) – HR 0.26 (95%CI 0.13-0.50), beta-blockers – HR 0.71 (95%CI 0.50-0.99); statins – HR 0.59 (95%CI 0.42-0.82). Factors, listed above, had significant association not only with all-cause mortality but also with CV mortality and composite CV endpoint. The higher rate of hospitalizations due to CVD was associated with younger age (incidence rate ratio [IRR] for 1 year 1.03; 95%CI 1.02-1.05; р<0.001), female sex (IRR 2.40; 95%CI 1.79-3.23; р<0.001), COPD (IRR 2.44; 95%CI 1.63-3.65; р<0.001) and heart rate ≥80 beats/min (IRR 1.51; 95%CI 1.12-2.04; р=0.007).Conclusions. All-cause mortality in patients with a history of ACVA, enrolled in outpatient registry REGION, was 31.2% during 3-year follow-up. The proportion of CV death among the fatal cases was higher in the ACVA-FT registry than in ACVA-AR registry. The higher mortality rate was associated with the following factors: age, sex (male), recurrent ACVA, history of MI, diagnosis of AF, COPD and diabetes, low blood hemoglobin level, heart rate ≥80 beats/min, no antihypertensive therapy in arterial hypertension. The higher incidence of hospitalizations due to CVD was associated with younger age, sex (female), COPD and heart rate ≥80 beats/min. Prescription of ACEI, ARB, beta-blockers and statins was associated with lower risk of death and composite CV endpoint

Adherence to Attendance at Outpatient Clinic and Longterm Survival of Patients after Stroke in Outpatient Setting: the Data of REGION-M Registry

Aim. Assess the two-year survival rate of patients who have undergone acute cerebral circulation disorder, depending on their commitment to visiting the district polyclinic before and after discharge from the hospital.Material and methods. The outpatient part of the REGION-M register included 684 patients attached to the Moscow City Polyclinic №64, discharged from the Moscow City Clinical Hospital n.a. F.I. Inozemtsev of from 01.01.2012 to 04.30.2017 with a confirmed diagnosis of acute cerebral circulation disorder (cerebral stroke / transient ischemic attack).Results. Of the entire cohort, 83.2% of patients and 84.2% after hospital discharge attended the clinic during the year before the development of reference acute cerebral circulation disorder. Patients who attended the clinic before and after the reference stroke were older, more likely to have diabetes, comorbid disease and disability. For 22 months of follow-up, mortality was 28.8% (197 out of 684 people). Among those who applied and did not apply to the clinic before the reference acute cerebral circulation disorder, the difference in mortality tended to be reliable (27.4% versus 35.7%, p <0.1), while mortality was almost twice as low among patients who applied to the clinic at least 1 time after discharge (25.7%) than among patients who did not apply after discharge - 45.4%, p<0.0001. When adjusting for sex and age (the relative risk of death for them was 1.009, 95% confidence interval 1.005-1.01 2, p<0.0001 ), the statistical validity of reducing the risk of death was maintained when patients were committed to visiting the clinic after discharge - the relative risk of death 0.366 (95% confidence interval 0.269-0.500, p<0.0001 ).Conclusion. Lower mortality among those who visited the district polyclinic after undergoing stroke confirms the important role of medical observation in the posthospital period. At the same time, there is a reserve in improving the long-term prognosis of the lives of patients who have suffered a cerebral stroke or transient ischemic attack, due to greater coverage of patients with medical supervision in the clinic