Concept of producing of the Russian national system of functional food

Statistics show negative forecasts of the demographic indicators of the Russian population including their size and health. The human habitat which has been deteriorating in recent decades causes cardinal changes in the assortment and variety of food and significantly contributes to the reduction of their biological value. The depletion of food products (FP) of vegetable and animal origin in vital mineral elements, vitamins and other physiologically active components represents a serious long-term threat to human health and the national security. Industrial methods of enriching FP have certain limitations: a narrow set of micronutrients, their interaction among themselves and accessibility for not all groups of the population. One way to reduce the negative consequences is through the introduction and breeding of new for Russia species and varieties of agricultural plants and organize a mass production of functional foods (FF) that contribute to the prevention and/or suspension of the development of dangerous diseases and slowing down the aging process. The solution of this multifaceted problem lies in changing the consumption structure of foods and their chemical composition conditioned by both the assortment of grown plant species and cultivars of food plants, as well as the composition and quality of soils, fertilizers and the conditions for crop cultivation. Taking into account the prevailing demographic situation in the Russian Federation, it is necessary to create a comprehensive national program for the allocation of new high-content sources of FF ingredients based on traditional and underutilized crops, cultivars and forms of cereal, vegetable and fruit crops and their inclusion in agricultural production as well as existing and newly created technological processes in food industry. The advantages of creating and developing a national system of the functional food in Russia will be: the improvement of public health and life expectancy, the reduction of the Federal Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund expenditures and the development of business structures involved in the production of the FF

МАКРО- И МИКРОЭЛЕМЕНТЫ В ПОЧВАХ И КОРМОВЫХ ТРАВАХ ПРИФЕРМЕРСКИХ ПОЛЕЙ БАРНАУЛЬСКОГО ПРИОБЬЯ

The authors highlight significant and relevant problem, which is seen as fulfilling people needs in environmentally safe plant, and animal production, which is rich in minerals. The paper points out farmlands closely located to industrial centres that pollute environment and require specific controlling measures. The authors explore and assess macro and microelements composition of soils and plant production from farmlands of agricultural enterprises located in the suburbs of Barnaul. The researchers investigated soils and hay of perennial grasses from by-farm fields of Barnaulskoe enterprise and Sibirskie bychki enterprise. Mixed samples of soil were received from 0-20 sm plough-layer whereas grass hay was applied from rolls. Agrochemical properties of soils were investigated by means of general and standard methods. The researchers explored total concentration of macro and microelements in the soil and ash by means of atomic emission spectrometry and grating spectrograph PGS-2, arc argon two-spool plasmotron and multi-channel analyzer of emission spectrums. The researchers measured concentration of macro- and microelements in the soil in acetate-ammoniacal buffer solution with рН 4,8 by means of atomic emission spectrometry. Accuracy control was carried out by means of applying corresponding standards. The research results has shown lack of agrogenic or technogenic pollution caused by heavy metals and feeding grasses on by-farm fields of livestock enterprises located in the suburbs of the industrial city. Otherwise, the researchers revealed the problem of feeding crops in these farmlands. This problem deals with lack of concentration of elements P, Ca, Co, Cu, Mg, Mn, Na and Zn in feeding crops. Low concentration of elements in plant production shows insufficient mineral concentration and agrochemical problem, which is depletion of minerals necessary for plants.Обеспечение населения экологически безопасной и минерально полноценной продукцией растениеводства и животноводства - актуальная проблема. Особого внимания и контроля требуют сельскохозяйственные угодья вблизи промышленных центров, загрязняющих окружающую среду разными веществами. С этой целью изучен и оценен макро- и микроэлементный состав почв и растительной продукции прифермских полей сельхозпредприятий вблизи города Барнаула. Объектами исследования служили почвы и сено многолетних сеяных злаковых трав с прифермских полей ОАО Племпредприятие «Барнаульское» и ОАО «Сибирские бычки». Смешанные пробы почв брали из слоя 0-20 см пахотного горизонта, а сена трав - из рулонов. Агрохимические свойства почв изучали стандартными методами. Валовое содержание макро- и микроэлементов в почвах и золе растений определяли методом атомно-эмиссионной спектрометрии с использованием дифракционного спектрографа PGS-2, дугового аргонового двухструйного плазмотрона, многоканального анализатора эмиссионных спектров. Концентрацию подвижной формы макро- и микроэлементов в почвах в ацетатно-аммонийном буферном растворе с рН 4,8 измеряли методом атомно-абсорбционной спектрометрии. Контроль точности измерений макро- и микроэлементов в почвах и растениях проводили с использованием соответствующих стандартных образцов. Результаты исследования показали отсутствие экологической проблемы агрогенного и техногенного загрязнения тяжелыми металлами почв и кормовых трав на прифермских полях животноводческих предприятий вблизи крупного промышленного центра. Напротив, выявлена биогеохимическая проблема дефицита в кормовых культурах на этих сельскохозяйственных угодьях таких эссенциальных макро- и микроэлементов, как P, Ca, Co, Cu, Mg, Mn, Na, Zn. Их низкое содержание в растительной продукции указывает на её недостаточную минеральную полноценность и свидетельствует о наличии агрохимической проблемы - истощения в почвах запасов их подвижной и доступной растениям формы