Using the Laser Scanning Technology in the Evaluation of a Building Located on Ion Neculce Street from Cluj-Napoca

Laser scanning describes a method by which a surface is sampled or scanned using laser technology. The science of valuation has become more and more sophisticated as the development of society in general and of the economy in particular, in order to meet, eventually, complex information needs. The main idea of this project is to carry out scanning works in the framework of the evaluation report of a property. For this project, The Leica Scanstation C10 laser scanner was used and the following methods were applied for the scan operation: Backward Intersection Method, Deletion Method. For the valuation we used Market approach and Cost approach. The use of the laser scanner led to the expected results, namely the retrieval of an enormous volume of information collected from the field, of extremely high accuracy which subsequently helped to model a large number of details necessary to improve the evaluation process

Development of Gis and Web Maps in Order to Extend Water Supply and Sewerage Infrastructure in Lechința Village, Iernut Town, Mureș County

In Romania’s most rural parts, the urban networks are not sufficiently developed. In order to improve the living standards of the inhabitants of Lechinta village, Iernut city, Mures county, it is necessary to extend water supply and sewerage infrastructure. For a better visualization and understanding of the interest area, a database was created in which the constructions, buildings, electrical and optical fiber networks, infrastructure and access ways were digitized. Considering the created database and the digital elevation model of the terrain, it was possible to easily design the water supply and sewerage infrastructure that allowed a better management of the field measurements. In order to ensure a higher degree of details, but also to complete and verify the measurements made with GPS receivers, photogrammetric and LiDAR data were obtained using a UAS equipped with the TopoDrone LiDAR 100 Lite sensor and the Zenmuse X4S DJI camera. The field data were imported into the ArcGIS application and analyzed in order to achieve the water supply and sewerage infrastructure. In order to visualize the digitization of the elements in the field, web maps were made using ArcGIS online application. The first map allows a 3D view of the area of interest and the second map includes 5 applications: database visualization, selection of desired layers, determination of distances and surfaces, use of different basemaps as well as sharing information through email, Facebook, etc. Database and webmaps that were created contribute to an easier design of urban networks and the visualization of the land in real time

An Evaluation of the National Program of Systematic Land Registration in Romania Using the Fit for Purpose Spatial Framework Principles

The National Program of Systematic Land Registration aims to register all land property in Romania by 2023. The goal has proven difficult to achieve, as by June 2022 only 4% of the localities in the country were completed. The aim of this research is to find the similarities and differences between the fit for purpose principles of land administration for the spatial framework and the practices in The Romanian National Program of Systematic Land Registration. This is the first study that analyzes the Romanian land registration program through the lens of the fit for purpose concept. The research shows that there are similarities with the fit for purpose spatial framework principles for the use of aerial images and the participatory nature of the process. However, The National Program of Systematic Land Registration uses almost exclusively fixed boundaries and does not have different standards of accuracy and procedures for incremental improvement. Registering the parcels earlier in the process, flexibility for accuracy, and technical standards and regulations for incremental improvement of the system can speed up the registration in a fit for purpose manner

Use of UAS and TLS technology in 3D modeling of constructions with complex architecture

3D building models are widely used in many applications. The use of terrestrial laser scanning and UAS photogrammetry for 3D modelling is a popular practice especially for constructions with complex architecture. The present article presents an example of using these technologies successfully for 3D modelling of the Episcopal Cathedral of the Holy Trinity from Baia Mare, Romania.  A number of 51 control and verification points were determined by the closed circuit travel method and the intersection method. All measurements were processed in Terramodel software. The control points used in the georeferencing of the scans were materialized by metal stakes and the verification points were materialized by reflective targets. Depending on the construction configuration, the field of view and the minimum/maximum scanning distances were subsequently set. A total of 45 scans were performed to model the entire cathedral. The photogrammetric flight was performed in RTK mode, with corrections being transmitted from the DJI D-RTK-2 Mobile Station base to the RTK drone. All retrieved frames had geolocation and frame orientation elements recorded by the IMU module. A total number of 222 photograms were taken, as a result of a double grid photogrammetric flight, with the camera oriented at 60 degrees, but also as a result of manual acquisition by performing orbital flights at different heights: an orbital flight on the ground floor, an orbital flight at the level of about 40 meters and an orbital flight around the tower

An evaluation of the national program of systematic land registration in Romania using the fit for purpose spatial framework principles

The National Program of Systematic Land Registration aims to register all land property in Romania by 2023. The goal has proven difficult to achieve, as by June 2022 only 4% of the localities in the country were completed. The aim of this research is to find the similarities and differences between the fit for purpose principles of land administration for the spatial framework and the practices in The Romanian National Program of Systematic Land Registration. This is the first study that analyzes the Romanian land registration program through the lens of the fit for purpose concept. The research shows that there are similarities with the fit for purpose spatial framework principles for the use of aerial images and the participatory nature of the process. However, The National Program of Systematic Land Registration uses almost exclusively fixed boundaries and does not have different standards of accuracy and procedures for incremental improvement. Registering the parcels earlier in the process, flexibility for accuracy, and technical standards and regulations for incremental improvement of the system can speed up the registration in a fit for purpose manner

Non-Destructive Measurements for 3D Modeling and Monitoring of Large Buildings Using Terrestrial Laser Scanning and Unmanned Aerial Systems

Along with the development and improvement of measuring technologies and techniques in recent times, new methods have appeared to model and monitor the behavior of land and constructions over time. The main purpose of this research was to develop a new methodology to model and monitor large buildings in a non-invasive way. The methods proposed in this research are non-destructive and can be used to monitor the behavior of buildings over time. A method of comparing point clouds obtained using terrestrial laser scanning combined with aerial photogrammetric methods was used in this study. The advantages and disadvantages of using non-destructive measurement techniques over the classic methods were also analyzed. With a building located in the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca campus as a case study and with the help of the proposed methods, the deformations over time of the facades of that building were determined. As one of the main conclusions of this case study, it can be stated that the proposed methods are adequate to model and monitor the behavior of constructions over time, ensuring a satisfactory degree of precision and accuracy. The methodology can be successfully applied to other similar projects