Synthesis of 3-Hydroxy-1-(p-methoxyphenyl)-2-methylpyridine-4-one and Spectrophotometric Extraction Studies on its Complexation of Vanadium(V)

In this paper a single step synthesis of 3-hydroxy-1-(p-methoxyphenyl)-2-methylpyridine-4-one (HM) using starting maltol and p-anisidine in the presence of acid catalyst (p-toluenesulfonic acid or HCl) is described. The reaction is carried out by heating the aqueous solution of the reactants and a catalyst in a sealed thick-walled glass tube at 150 °C at different reaction times in order to retrieve an optimal yield. The complexation reactions of vanadium(V) with HM as well as the extraction of V(V) from aqueous to organic phase were studied spectrophotometrically. The optimum conditions for extraction of vanadium(V) from aqueous phase, containing chloride or thiocyanate ions, to chloroform solution of HM and complex formation have been evaluated. Based on the results obtained by Job’s and equilibrium shift methods the composition of the complexes has been found to be V(V) : Cl(SCN) : HM = 1:1:2

Design and Development of Symbol Based Services for Persons with Complex Communication Needs

Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) supports communication process of people who have communication disabilities and is based on the use of symbols. Multidisciplinary research is undertaken aiming to explore and create interoperable and scalable symbol based communication services for different user devices. The paper introduces model of the platform architecture for developing and deploying symbol based communication services and describes a model of adaptive symbol based AAC application

User interface adaptation for ICT based alternative and augmentative applications

Podrška informacijsko komunikacijske tehnologije za potpomognutu komunikaciju može olakšati uključivanje osoba sa složenim komunikacijskim potrebama u svakodnevni život. Takvim je osobama, zbog specifičnih i često individualnih potreba, nužno omogućiti jednostavnu prilagodbu grafičkog korisničkog sučelja u skladu s njihovim potrebama, sposobnostima, teškoćama i mogućnostima. U radu se predlaže inicijalna automatska prilagodba korisničkog sučelja aplikacija PK koja se obavlja samo jednom, a zatim distribuira ostalim aplikacijama PK putem razvijene platforme. Adaptacija je formalno definirana Petrijevim mrežama i evaluirana od strane grupe korisnika, pri čemu su rezultati evaluacije uključeni u sam model. Cilj modela jest implementacija programskih komponenti koje će se moći opetovano koristiti bez potrebe za evaluacijom od strane korisnika PK što je vrlo bitno obzirom na poteškoće i složene potrebe takvih korisnika. Ovakav će pristup u konačnici omogućiti brži razvoj usluga i aplikacija PK. Uz navedeno, u radu se predlažu i evaluiraju metode za odabir simbola.Support of ICT in Alternative and Augmentative Communication (AAC) has been recognized as the key enabler of better inclusion of persons with complex communication needs into everyday life. Due to complex, and often very individual, communication needs, such persons need the ability to quickly adapt graphical user interfaces according to their needs, skills, impairments and possibilities. The paper proposes initial automatic adaptation of AAC application user interfaces that is performed only once and then distributed across AAC applications through a specialized AAC platform. The adaptation is formally specified using timed Petri nets and evaluated on a group of users, aiming at producing components that can be re-used without the need for further evaluation, thus enabling rapid development of new applications without the need for real user testing, due to the nature and availability of AAC users. Finally, the paper proposes several methods of choosing symbols and weighs the benefits of each method according to evaluation results

Synthesis, Crystal and Molecular Structure of Novel Adamantyl Derivatives of N-Aryl Substituted 3-Hydroxy-2-methylpyridine-4-ones

Two novel potentially bioactive compounds, esters 2-methyl-1-phenylpyridine-4-one-3-yl adamantan-1-ylethanoate (1) and 1-(p-methoxyphenyl)-2-methylpyridine-4-one-3-yl adamantan-1-ylethanoate (2), were synthesized by esterification of adamantan-1-ylacetic acid with appropriate N-aryl substituted 3-hydroxypyridine-4-one derivatives. Both compounds are fully characterized using standard spectroscopic methods. Crystal and molecular structures of 1 and 2 were determined by the single crystal X-ray diffraction method. The crystal packing of both 1 and 2 shows separation of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions. The crystal structure of 1 is characterized by the two-dimensional hydrogen bonding layers parallel to (001). The crystal packing of 2 is characterized by hydrogen-bonded chains extended in the direction [010].(doi: 10.5562/cca2339

Response of Kalanchoe daigremontiana to wounding and infection with Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Background and Purpose: Transformation of plant tissue with Agrobacterium tumefaciens includes wounding of plant and subsequent infection by bacteria. Polyphenol oxidase activity and oxidative stress parameters – the content of H2O2, as well as activity and isoenzymes of antioxidative enzymes catalase, pyrogallol and guaiacol peroxidase were investigated as markers of plant response to wounding and infection. Materials and Methods: Five tissue types – healthy tissue, wounded tissue, tissue in immediate proximity of the wound, tumour tissue and tissue next to the tumourwere collected on 7th, 14th and 21st day afterwounding or infection. Activities of antioxidative enzymes were evaluated spectrophotometrically. Isoenzymes were separated electrophoretically in native conditions. H2O2 content was estimated by measuring the titanium hydro--peroxide complex. Results and Conclusion: All measured parameters were remarkably different in tumour in comparison to healthy tissue. Activities of peroxidases were significantly increased, accompanied with induction of new isoenzymes. After two weeks of the experiment catalase activity was also significantly increased in tumour tissue as well as in tissue next to the wound. H2O2 content was lower in tumour after three weeks. Aside from tumour tissue, polyphenol oxidase activity was significantly increased in tissue next to the tumour. Remarkably increased peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity in tumour tissue, additional isoenzymes of peroxidases as well as decreased H2O2 content, indicated changes in tissue organisation and induction of defence mechanisms against pathogen, in which these two groups of enzymes are involved.Wounded tissue, as well as tissue next to the wound or infection, did not show significant variation from healthy tissue

Perception of Oneself and One\u27s Environment Among Parents who Have Children with Developmental Disabilities and Parents of Typically Developing Children

Roditeljstvo djece s teškoćama donosi brojne izazove, a visoka razina stresa se povezuje s nedostatnom stručnom podrškom (Paster, Brandwein, Walsh, 2009). Nadalje, roditelji djece s razvojnim teškoćama često doživljavaju neuspjeh te svoje kompetencije u kontekstu roditeljstva nerijetko interpretiraju nerealno negativno (Kralj, 2012). S obzirom na oskudnost istraživačkih inicijativa na ovu temu, cilj rada je provjeriti postoje li razlike u samoprocjeni različitih životnih segmenata između roditelja djece s teškoćama i roditelja djece urednog razvoja. Istraživanje je provedeno tijekom projekta na kojem su se provodile aktivnosti osnaživanja roditelja djece s teškoćama i jačanja njihovih kapaciteta za bolji plasman na tržište rada. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo ukupno 60 roditelja - 30 roditelja koji imaju djecu s teškoćama i 30 roditelja djece urednog razvoja. Za potrebe istraživanja sastavljen je anketni upitnik u kojem je korištena skala Likertovog tipa od 1 do 5. S ciljem utvrđivanja razlika između navedenih skupina ispitanika korišten je neparametrijski test sume rangova (Mann Whitney U test). Utvrđeno je da postoje razlike u samoprocjeni osobnog zadovoljstva i vlastite uspješnosti u korist roditelja koji imaju djecu urednog razvoja, ali je isto tako utvrđeno da u ostalim segmentima njihove samoprocjene (kao što je npr. težnja za napretkom, pozitivan stav, zadovoljstvo razinom vlastitih postignuća/ciljeva, itd.) ne postoje značajne razlike između dvije navedene skupine. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju na pozitivan stav prilikom suočavanja s različitim izazovnim životnim situacijama kojeg je moguće tumačiti kroz postojanje vlastite osobnosti pojedinca te nizom individualnih događaja koji ga kroz život određuju (Lacković-Grgin, 2011), a ne pripadnosti jednoj od skupina.Parenting of children with developmental disabilities brings many challenges and stressful situations that are related to insufficient professional support (Paster, Brandwein, Walsh, 2009). Furthermore, parents of children with developmental disabilities often experience failure, which causes unreal interpretations regarding their role as parents. Due to the limited initiatives in this research area, the focus of this paper was on comparison of two different groups of parents - parents of children with developmental disabilities and parents who have typically developing children, with the emphasis on their own experience in different life segments. The study included 60 parents, 30 parents of children with developmental disabilities and 30 parents of typically developing children. A Likert scale was used in the research and respondents specified their level of agreement with a statement on a five-point scale. Since the aim was to determine if there was a difference between the two independent groups of parents, the non parametric rank-sum test (Mann-Whitney U test) was used. The results showed that there were significant differences between those two groups related to self-competence and their own perception regarding success, in favour of parents with typically developing children. Furthermore, no differences were found between parents who have children with developmental disabilities and parents who have typically developing children in any of the other domains that were observed (e.g. striving for progress, a positive attitude, productivity and achievements). The obtained results indicate a positive attitude in dealing with various challenging life situations, which could be explained through the existence of one’s own personality and a series of individual events that determine an individual through life (Lacković- Grgin, 2011), whereas belonging to a particular group does not need to be taken into account

3-Hydroxypyridin-4-ones (Part II): Biological Application as Iron Chelating Agents

Selektivnost prema keliranju trovalentnih kationa metala, u prvom redu Fe(III), osnova je brojnih bioloških učinaka derivata 3-hidroksipiridin-4-ona. Ti spojevi najviše potencijala pokazuju u liječenju oboljenja uslijed kojih dolazi do nakupljanja željeza u organizmu, kao što su razna krvna oboljenja poput talasemije i hemokromatoze te u liječenju neurodegenerativnih bolesti, primjerice Alzheimerove bolesti. Osim deferiprona, koji je već više od 30 godina u kliničkoj upotrebi kao kelator Fe(III), u ovom radu dan je pregled i ostalih najznačajnijih kelatora 3-hidroksipiridin-4-onske strukture s potencijalnom biološkom primjenom. Ovo djelo je dano na korištenje pod licencom Creative Commons Imenovanje 4.0 međunarodna.Selectivity towards trivalent metal cations, especially Fe(III), is the primary basis of a number of 3-hydroxypyridin-4-ones’ biological activities. These compounds have high potential in the treatment of iron overload diseases, in various blood pathologies such as thalassemia and hemochromatosis, as well as in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease. Beside deferiprone, the only 3-hydroxypyridin-4-one based iron(III) chelating agent which has been used clinically for more than 30 years, this review will also present other most significant and potentially biologically active chelators with 3-hydroxypyridin-4-one core. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

HPLC Monitoring of Acid Catalyzed Conversion of 7-Ethyltryptophol to Methyl Ester of Etodolac

Small scale experimental model for the preparation of methyl ester of etodolac, the key intermediate in the synthesis of nonsteroidal drug etodolac, is thoroughly investigated in order to define the key parameters needed for its large scale production. Oxa-Pictet-Spengler reaction of 7-ethyltryptophol and methyl 3-oxopentanoate with inorganic acids as catalysts was monitored over time using HPLC method with UV detection. HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of 7-ethyltryptophol and the product was developed first. The conversion of 7-ethyltryptophol to etodolac precursor was performed using different molar equivalents of acid (1-5 with respect to the β-ketoester) and starting 7-ethyltryptophol of different degrees of purity. Kinetic profiles and optimal reaction times were in each case defined and key parameters selected