Reconfigurable double inverted pendulum applied to the modelling of human robot motion

Reconfigurable double inverted pendulum applied to the modelling of human robot motio

Decline of Pelophylax lessonae in mixed populations of water frogs over the last 50 years

Two water frog species: the pool frog Pelophylax lessonae (L) and the marsh frog P. ridibundus (R) occur sympatrically in Central Europe and form mixed populations (genetic systems) with their hybrid, the edible frog P. esculentus (E). The aim of the study was to assess the species composition of water frogs in urban and rural populations and compare our current findings with the results of previous studies. We surveyed the same sites that were investigated by Berger et al. in 1962–1970 (Poznań, urban landscape) and 1977–1997 (Dezydery Chłapowski Landscape Park, rural landscape). Because some ponds surveyed in the past were destroyed or dried-up, we also explored others located in the adjacent areas. We captured frogs during breeding seasons 2020 and 2021 and identified them by the nuclear marker gene SAI-1. We found three types of populations in the urban area: R-E, E-E and R-E-L and four in the rural area: R-E, L-E, E-E and R-E-L. Compared to the historical data, we found a drastic decrease in the frequency of P. lessonae in urban and rural landscapes: from 89.1% and 68% to 2.7% and 1.8%, respectively. At the same time, the frequency of P. ridibundus increased from 2.2% and 0.1% to 40% and 29.6%, respectively. A similar pattern was found for P. esculentus whose frequency increased from 8.7% and 31.9% to 57.3% and 68.6%, respectively. Additionally, we confirmed the presence of a cryptogenic Balkan water frog, P. kurtmuelleri, which was recently discovered in south-western Poland. The frequency of SAI-1 allele specific for this taxon reached 7.3%. The patterns found in both types of landscapes are in line with the current situation of both parental species in Europe. Such dynamic changes show the need for long-term monitoring of the population compositions of water frogs, what is crucial for their conservation management

Ion selective electrodes sensitive to magnesium ions in magnesium speciation research in human organism

Application of magnesium selective electrodes to magnesium ion determination in biomedical samples has been introduced to analytical chemistry since 1990- ies. Using ion selective electrode, the ionized magnesium concentration is determined. Until this time, mainly concentration of total magnesium was determined. In this work, the importance of magnesium and its role in the human organism is shortly presented. Then, we present basics of ion selective electrodes and their application in clinical analyzers. We show exemplary applications of ionized and total magnesium concentration determination in clinical samples, such as blood serum or plasma and erythrocytes, in healthy people and in patients with various diseases. In every case, the ionized magnesium concentration in erythrocytes appears to be the most sensitive indicator of hypomagnesemia that is the pathophysiologically lowered magnesium level in organism. The knowledge of this parameter allows physicians for better diagnosis of magnesium status in human organism

Gallbladder sludge in a pregnant woman as a cause of severe complicated hemorrhagic-necrotizing pancreatitis with a spectacular manifestation

Pancreatitis is an obvious but a rare event in pregnancy. From mild disease to multiorgan failure and sepsis acute pancreatitis has numerous causes and an often unpredictable outcome. The authors present a case of 22-year-old pregnant woman with severe pancreatitis due to biliary sludge. An unusual clinical manifestation of pancreatitis in our patient is worth emphasizing: massive bleeding from upper alimentary tract and concomitant two pancreatic fistulas. The bleeding is a manifestation of the pancreatic juiceinduced injury to the splenic artery, whereas the fistulas are consequence of the disconnected duct syndrome and superficial necrosis of the pancreatic head. After two and a half years lasting treatment the patient was on regular oral diet with supplementation of pancreatic enzymes, and showed normal glycaemia level. She returned to fully physical activity

Gallbladder sludge in a pregnant woman as a cause of severe complicated hemorrhagic-necrotizing pancreatitis with a spectacular manifestation

Pancreatitis is an obvious but a rare event in pregnancy. From mild disease to multiorgan failure and sepsis acute pancreatitis has numerous causes and an often unpredictable outcome. The authors present a case of 22-year-old pregnant woman with severe pancreatitis due to biliary sludge. An unusual clinical manifestation of pancreatitis in our patient is worth emphasizing: massive bleeding from upper alimentary tract and concomitant two pancreatic fistulas. The bleeding is a manifestation of the pancreatic juiceinduced injury to the splenic artery, whereas the fistulas are consequence of the disconnected duct syndrome and superficial necrosis of the pancreatic head. After two and a half years lasting treatment the patient was on regular oral diet with supplementation of pancreatic enzymes, and showed normal glycaemia level. She returned to fully physical activity

Separation of CO2 from flue gas in air-sparged hydrocyclone (ASH) reactor

Laboratory results of an initial study on CO2 removal from gas mixture by means of the air-sparged hydrocyclone (ASH) technology are reported. The CO2 absorption rate into sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was studied on a laboratory and pilot scale. The air flow rate was 900 dm³/min and the alkaline solution flow rate was 15 dm³/min in the case of pilot scale. The influence of CO2 concentration, pH of the liquid phase, the gas flow rate, and the alkaline solution flow rate on the efficiency of the process was investigated. An increase in the alkaline concentration significantly enhanced the CO2 absorption. A very low distribution of bubble sizes enhanced the carbon dioxide absorption, too

Isotonic drinks in the diet of athletes

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki ankiety przeprowadzonej na 100 osobach. W ankiecie poruszono temat spożywania napojów izotonicznych. Dokonano charakterystyki 5-ciu napojów izotonicznych dostępnych na rynku.The article presents the results of a survey conducted on 100 people. The survey addressed the topic of consuming sports drinks. There have been five characteristics of the 5-sports drinks on the market