Agiunta alla conosenza delle salsice secche di carne equina ("Piketa") dei dintorne di Pakrac

Upotreba konjskog mesa u našoj zemlji nije uvriježena, iako je konjsko meso po svom kemijskom sastavu vrlo pogodno za prehranu. Posebice se ističe mala količina kolesterola, što ga čini iznimno pogodnim u dijetalnoj prehrani. U Hrvatskoj postoji tradicija proizvodnje proizvoda od konjskog mesa stara više od 100 godina. U selima oko Pakraca tu tradiciju je sa sobom iz pradomovine donijela i očuvala talijanska nacionalna manjina. Oni u domaćoj radinosti proizvode trajan proizvod, kobasicu od konjskog mesa. U ovom radu je opisan proces proizvodnje kobasica od konjskog mesa u seoskim domaćistvima. Izneseni su rezultati organoleptičke, kemijske i bakteriološke pretrage kobasica koje su potjecali iz 5 domaćinstava koje tradicionalno proizvode kobaisce.Though the horsemeat is very suitable for human diet owing to its chemical composition, it does not come as a usual product in our country. Its special quality is a low amount of cholesterol, which makes it especially fit for selected diets. The production of horsemeat products persists as a traditional course in Croatia for more than 100 years. It was brought and preserved in the villages around Pakrac by the Italian minority from their fatherland. Horsemeat sausages are still produced in the households there as one of domestic products. This study describes the production of sausages of horsemeat and presents the results of sensory, chemical and bacteriological analysis of traditionally produced sausages from 5 households.Der Gebrauch von Pferdefleisch ist in unserem Land keine Gewohnheit, obwohl das Pferdefleisch nach seiner chemischen Zusammensetzung sehr günstig für die Ernährung ist. Besonders tut sich der niedrige Cholesterolspiegel hervor, was für die Diäternährung sehr günstig ist. In Kroatien besteht eine 100-jährige Tradition der Herstellung von Erzeugnissen aus Pferdefleisch. In den Dörfern um Pakrac hat die italienische nationale Minderheit diese Tradition aus ihrer Urheimat mit sich gebracht und aufbewahrt. Sie herstellen in der heimischen Produktion eine Dauerwurst, die Wurst aus Pferdefleisch. In dieser Arbeit ist der Prozess der Herstellung von Wurst aus Pferdefleisch in dörferlichen Haushalten beschrieben. Es sind Resultate der organoleptischen, chemischen und bakteriologischen Untersuchungen dargestellt, u.zw. von Würsten, die aus 5 Haushalten stammen, die diese Wurst traditionell herstellen.Nel nostro paese non si usa tanto la carne di cavallo, pur essendo questa carne molto accettabile nell’alimentazione per la sua composizione chimica. Bisogna accentuare la quantità minima di colesterolo, il fatto che rende questa carne molto adeguata all’alimentazione dietale. La produzione della carne di cavallo in Croazia esiste da più di 100 anni. La minoranza italiana ha portato e conservato questa tradizione nei villaggi nei dintorni di Pakrac. Loro fanno a casa i prodotti di lunga durata, la salsiccia di carne equina. In questo testo è stato descritto il processo di produzione delle salsicce di carne di cavallo fatte a casa in suddetti villaggi. I risultati della ricerca organolettica, chimica e batteriologica valgono per le salsicce da 5 case orientate tradizionalmente alla produzione delle salsicce

MAIZE HYBRID SEED PRODUCTION ON AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTE OSIJEK

Poljoprivredni institut Osijek osnovan je 1875. godine na inicijativu tadašnjeg „Hrvatskog gospodarskog društva" u Osijeku, imenom "Agro-kulturno kemijski zavod". Pod nazivom Poljoprivredni institut Osijek radi neprekidno od 1961 . godine. U svom dugogodišnjem radu je značajno utjecao na unapređenje proizvodnje kvalitetnog sjemena. Tako su izgrađeni centri na: PIK-u Belje, VUPIK-u Vukovar, IPK-Oranica Osijek, PP Garešnica itd. U suradnji s poljo-privrednim kombinatima organizirao je proizvodnju i doradu sjemena te plasirao velike količine sjemena na domaćem i inozemnom tržištu. Prve količine sjemena hibridnog kukuruza (dvostruki križanci) Institut je proizveo 1958. godine u količini od 5.384 kg. Značajna proizvodnja OS hibrida kukuruza pocinje 70-ih godina, a komercijalno povećanje sjetvenih površina od 1975. godine. Najveća proizvodnja sjemena OS hibrida kukuruza bila je 1978. godine (7.846 ha- 12.239 t) a najmanja 1998. godine (147 ha-250 t). Poljoprivrednom Institutu je do danas priznato 116 hibrida kukuruza, od kojih se u širokoj proizvodnji nalazi svake godine 10-12 hibrida, FAO grupe 100-700. U strukturi sjetve merkantilnog kukuruza OS hibridi zauzimaju od 15 do 18% sjetvenih površina. Sjeme OS hibrida kukuruza danas se proizvodi u: Mađarskoj, Turskoj, Srbiji i Crnoj Gori, Slovačkoj, Kazakstanu.Agricultural Institute Osijek is the oldest institution for breeding and seed production in Croatia. Agricultural Institute Osijek established in 1875, on initiative „Croatian managing society“ with the name „Agro-cultur chemical Institut“. With the name Agricultural Institute Osijek work since 1961 and thru many years it has significant influence on quality seed production improvement. In the purpose of seed production improvement, Agricultural Institute Osijek has started with establishing particulary processing centers in cooperation with other managing subject, like technicaly key for further development and improvement of seed production. Processing centers has build on PIK Belje, VUPIK Vukovar, IPK Oranica Osijek, PP Garešnica etc. Agricultural Institut Osijek in cooperation with Agricultural combinat already organized production and processing of seed and also delivered a large amounts of seed on domestic and foreign market. The first hybrid maize seed (double - cross) Agricultural Institute Osijek produced in 1958 in amounts of 5 384 kg. Significant production of OS maize hybrids began in the early 70\u27s and commercial increasing of sowing surface f rom 1975. The largest production of OS maize hybrids was in 1978 with (7 .846 ha- 12.239 t ) and the smallest in 1998 (142 ha- 250 t). Today, Agricultural Institute Osijek has 116 registered maize hybrids FAO group 100-700. 10 to 12 of them are widespread in production every year. In total sowing structure in Croatia, OS maize hybrids occupied 15-18% of totaly sowing surface. Today, OS maize hybrid seed production established in some foreign countries like Hungary, Turkey, Slovenia, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia and Kazahstan

Učinci lindana na reprodukcijske pokazatelje u štakora.

The effects of lindane (γ-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane) on male reproductive parameters were studied in sexually mature rats. Epididymal sperm numbers and motility, as well as α-glucosidase activity in the epididymis, were determined after i.p. treatment of lindane at concentrations of 9 and 18 mg kg-1 body wt, twice a week for 60 days. The values of epididymal sperm numbers were significantly lower (P<0.001) in the animals treated with both doses compared to the control values. Sperm numbers decreased by 42% after treatment with the lower lindane dose, while the drop in sperm count in the animals exposed to the higher dose extended to about 50%. In addition, dose-related changes in epididymal sperm motility were detected in lindane-treated animals. Motility decreased by about 45% to 68% at 9 and 18 mg kg-1 body mass, respectively. Relative organ masses (epididymis, prostate, anterior pituitary and testis) were measured at the end of the treatment. A significant decrease (P<0.01) in prostate weight was detected in both groups treated, while the weight of the pituitary decreased (P<0.05) only in the animals treated with the higher dose. α-Glucosidase activity in the epididymides did not show any statistically significant change after exposure to lindane. A histopathological analysis of testicular tissue from treated rats showed cell disorganization. Cells were irregularly shaped, with marked intercellular space between the spermatogenic cells. Our results imply that organochlorine insecticides like lindane can cause reproductive disorders, and therefore more attention should be directed towards understanding the affects of persistent pesticide residues on reproductive outcomes.Učinci lindana (γ-1,2,3,4,5,6-heksaklorocikloheksan) na reprodukcijske pokazatelje istraživani su u spolno zrelih štakora. Broj i pokretljivost spermija, te aktivnost α-glukozidaze u epididimisu određivani su nakon i.p. primjene lindana u koncentracijama od 9 i 18 mg kg-1 tjelesne mase dvaput tjedno tijekom 60 dana. U usporedbi s kontrolnim vrijednostima broj spermija u epididimisu značajno je bio smanjen (P<0,001) u obje lindanom obrađene skupine životinja. Nakon davanja manje doze broj spermija je bio niži za 42%, dok je kod više doze smanjenje iznosilo oko 50%. Također su u pokretljivosti spermija utvrđene promjene ovisno o dozi lindana. Smanjenje pokretljivosti iznosilo je 45%, odnosno 68% uz primijenjene doze od 9 i 18 mg kg-1 tjelesne mase. Relativne mase organa (epididimis, prostata, hipofiza i testis) mjerene su po završetku obrade. Značajno smanjenje težine prostate (P<0,01) utvrđeno je u obje obrađene skupine, dok je težina hipofize bila smanjena (P<0,05) samo uz višu dozu lindana. Izloženost lindanu nije prouzročila statistički značajne promjene aktivnosti α glukozidaze u epididimisu. Patohistološka analiza tkiva testisa pokazala je propadanje stanica. Stanice su poprimile nepravilne oblike uz dosta međustaničnog prostora između spermatogenih stanica. Ovi rezultati pokazuju da organoklorirani insekticidi poput lindana mogu izazvati reprodukcijske poremećaje, te da je potrebno više pažnje usmjeravati razjašnjenju učinaka ostataka postojanih pesticida na reprodukcijske ishode

Utjecaj levamizola na koncentraciju kortizola i promjene u perifernoj krvi svinja izloženih stresu

The objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of levamisole (LEV) application in pigs stressed by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) injection on the total and differential leukocyte count, blood erythrocyte count, haemoglobin concentration and cortisol level during and for 16 days after the treatment. Swedish Landrace boars aged 6 to 7 months were divided into three groups. Group 1 received levamisole 2.5 mg/kg/body mass/day intramuscularly over 3 days and ACTH 10 μg/kg/body mass/day intravenously for 3 days. Group 2 received ACTH 10 μg/kg/body mass/day intravenously for the next 3 days and group 3 received saline intramuscularly for 6 days (control group). Cortisol concentration was increased in both ACTH treated groups during all three days of administration and the day after the last ACTH treatment. A significantly increase in total leukocyte count and a decrease in lymphocyte percentages was recorded during ACTH treatment. Use of levamisole before stress induction caused an increase in total leukocyte count in the 16 day period after cessation of ACTH treatment and also a lymphocyte increase in stressed animals on the first day of ACTH injection. Pigs that received levamisol and ACTH did not show eosinophilia in contrast to pigs that received ACTH only. In both groups of stressed animals, an elevated percentage of neutrophilic granulocytes was recorded on days 2 and 3 of ACTH treatment. However, administration of levamisole led to faster normalization of neutrophils and prevented neutropenia one week after termination of stress. According to the data presented, levamisole can influence pig immunity during and after stress induction by ACTH administration.Istraživanje utjecaja levamizola na promjene u perifernoj krvi i koncentraciju kortizola provedeno je u svinja u stresu izazvanom davanjem adrenokortikotropnog hormona (ACTH). Pokus je proveden na nerastima švedskoga landrasa, u dobi 6 do 7 mjeseci, podijeljenih u tri skupine. Svinje u prvoj skupini dobivale su levamizol (2,5 mg/kg/tj. mase/dan, i.m.) tijekom tri dana i ACTH (10 μg/kg/tj. mase/dan, i.v.) tijekom 3 dana, a u drugoj skupini ACTH (10 μg/kg/tj. mase/dan, i.v.) također tijekom slijedeća 3 dana. Treća skupina bila je kontrola koja je dobivala fiziološku otopinu i.m. 6 dana. U pokusu je praćen broj leukocita, diferencijalna krvna slika, broj eritrocita, koncentracije hemoglobina i kortizola. Tijekom trodnevnog davanja ACTH kao i dan nakon zadnje primjene u obje pokusne skupine zabilježeno je povećanje kortizola u serumu. Istovremeno je primjena ACTH izazvala značajno povećanje ukupnog broja leukocita, ali i smanjenje broja limfocita. Primjenom levamizola prije izazivanja stresa izazvalo se povećanje ukupnoga broja leukocita 16 dana nakon prestanka davanja ACTH. U obje pokusne skupine svinja utvrđeno je povećanje broja neutrofila drugi i treći dan primjene ACTH. Međutim, davanje levamizola prije izazivanja stresa dovelo je do brže uspostave fiziološkoga udjela neutrofi la. U svinja koje su dobile i levamizol i ACTH nije došlo do porasta udjela eozinofila kao što je to zabilježeno u skupini koja je dobila samo ACTH. S obzirom na dobivene rezultate istraživanja može se pretpostaviti da primjena levamizola može posredno utjecati na imunosni odgovor u svinja tijekom i nakon stresa potaknutog s ACTH

Influence of Fungicides Application and Seed Processing on Sunflower Seed Quality

The aim of the research was to determine influence of methods of seed processing and application of fungicides on mass of 1000 seeds, intergrowth energy and seed germination of sunflower hybrids ‘Favorit’ and ‘Apolon’ in 2005 and 2006. Selected untreated seeds of both sunflower hybrids (control) had a minimal mass of 1000 seeds (55-59 g), intergrowth energy (18-37 %) and seed germination (39-52 %). In both years of research maximal seed quality, mass of 1000 seeds (67-69 g), intergrowth energy (84-85 %) and seed germination (87-89 %) were after application of the method of seed processing T-4 and aft er the fungicides application TF-4. The results showed that unfavorable weather conditions over the production year result with low quality seeds. However, by applying the target methods of seed processing and optimal combination of fungicide doses we can produce the sunflower seeds with regular legislation quality for the market