Dietary habits of Serbian preschool and schoolchildren with regard to food of animal origin

The goal of this study was to explore attitudes and habits of Serbian preschool and school children in consumption of meat products, milk and milk products, eggs and egg products and honey and bee products. The survey was conducted on a sample of 227 children, divided into three different age groups: preschool (ages 4-6), primary school I-IV grade (ages 7-11) and primary school V-VIII grade (ages 12-15). The results showed that all examined groups of children consumed meat products, milk and milk products, eggs and egg products, and honey and bee products. In all groups of children, the most frequently consumed food (among our food category choices) was dried ham (consumed by 19.64% of preschool children; 23.75% of schoolchildren from I-IV grade; 19.74% of schoolchildren from V-VIII grade). Fewer preschool children consumed sterilized milk compared to children of school age. The results showed that in all three groups of children, the most commonly consumed milk products were yoghurt (from 12.20 to 15.29% of children consumed these) and sour cream (from 11.57 to 12.74% of children consumed this), while kefir was the least-consumed product. In addition, there was no difference in consumption of boiled or fried eggs in the examined groups of children, while the consumption of egg products (mayonnaise) was higher in the group of preschool children than in the group of schoolchildren from V-VIII grade. Preschool children consumed honey 14.99% more often than schoolchildren from I-IV grade, and 14.49% more often than did schoolchildren from grade V-VIII

Milk: Past and Present

Although milk/dairy consumption is part of many cultures and is recommended in most dietary guidelines around the world, its contribution to overall diet quality remains a matter of controversy, leading to a highly polarized debate within the scientific community, media and public sector. The present article, at first, describes the evolutionary roots of milk consumption, then reviews the milk-derived bioactive peptides as health-promoting components. The third part of the article, in general, presents the associations between milk nutrients, disease prevention, and health promotion

Merenje konkurentnosti na tržištu industrije mesa - da li u Srbiji postoje oligopoli?

Production of meat and processing of meat products is a very significant part of the food industry. In order to secure economic growth and development, especially in the meat industry, it is very important to provide free competition for the business entities that operate within it. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to measure market concentration using the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), in order to determine the competition level in the Serbian market. Furthermore, the HHI should provide evidence of any business entities that hold monopolistic or oligopolistic positions on the market. Moreover, another aim of this study was to define to what extent business entities in the Serbian meat industry export products and goods to international markets. The 350 companies that reported the highest revenues during 2013-2017 and which are registered in this sector were studied.Proizvodnja mesa I mesnih prerađevina je veoma značajan deo prehrambene industrije. Da bi se postigao ekonomski rast I razvoj, posebno u mesnoj industriji, veoma je važno obezbediti slobodnu konkurenciju za privredna društva koji posluju u njoj. Stoga, glavni cilj ovog rada je da se, pomoću Herfindahl-Hirschman indeksa (HHI), izmeri koncentracija tržišta, kao I da se utvrdi nivo konkurencije na srpskom tržištu, ali I da se utvrdi da li postoje subjekti koji na tržištu imaju poziciju monopola ili oligopola. Drugi cilj ovog rada je da se definiše u kojoj meri poslovni subjekti iz srpske mesne industrije izvoze svoje proizvode I robu na međunarodnom tržištu I da li je nivo koncentracije isti. U istraživanju je korišćen uzorak od 350 privrednih društava registrovanih u ovom sektoru, a koja su obelodanila najviše prihode u izveštajnom periodu od 2013. do 2017. godine

Meat in traditional Serbian cuisine

The use of meat in traditional Serbian cuisine can be divided into three periods. The first period is the time from the arrival of Slavs in the Balkans, through the Middle Ages to the early 19 th century. The second period, the 19 th and the first half of the 20 th centuries, can be marked as special due to significant changes that impacted traditional Serbian cuisine, compared to the first period. It was a period during which the Europeanization of Serbia took place in all spheres of life, including cuisine. After World War II, Serbia and many surrounding countries eperienced a great surge in industrialization in all economic fields, including that of food production. The last sixty years has seen the globalization of our food supply, with food being transported globally from one part of the world to another, and which resulted in neglected traditional, local cuisines. Therefore, many countries, including Serbia, recognize a need for preserving traditional cuisine. This recognition has initiated several mechanisms for maintaining Europe's gastronomic herit-age. Preservation of traditional cuisine in Serbia has special significance for tourism development

Household food waste in Belgrade - sin and unconcern

The aim of this study was to examine the actual procedures with food in households and consumer attitudes about food waste. The survey was conducted in 83 households in Belgrade, Serbia. All participants were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire. The results obtained show that awareness of food waste is at a satisfactory level, but the actual situation is that food is discarded in large quantities, even though people are aware of what a global problem this is. Large contradictions were observed among the respondents answers in this study. Respondents who stated that they never discard food, in further responses, declared they throw away significant amounts of food for various reasons (too long storage, overconsumption, improper preparation, etc.). We conclude that people are either unaware of how much food they discard, or they do not want to admit it to themselves. However, participants largely have a sense of guilt about discarding food. This indicates consumer awareness of food waste, and is an encouraging sign that further education could be effective in consumers taking into account their food waste habits, starting from procurement planning, through storage and preparation

Effect of commercial starter cultures on survival of Yersinia enterocolitica and microbiological status of Sremska sausages

The aim of this study was to determine the survival of Yersinia enterocolitica (biotype 1, serotype O:8), and the microbiological status (lactic acid bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae), water activity and pH values of Sremska sausage (traditional dry-fermented sausage from Northern Serbia) during ripening (18 days). Four different groups of Sremska sausage were manufactured: CI group - control without starter culture; CII group - control with starter culture; EI group - was inoculated with 108 CFU mL-1 of Y. enterocolitica ATCC 9610, without starter culture and EII group - was inoculated with 108 CFU mL-1 of Y. enterocolitica ATCC 9610 and with starter culture. During ripening, microbiological examination was conducted according to ISO methods, on days 0, 3, 7, 12 and 18. In the inoculated sausages, Y. enterocolitica did not grow after day 12 of the ripening period. The results revealed that the use of starter cultures increased the number of lactic acid bacteria, while completely reducing the Enterobacteriaceae count compared with the Sremska sausage without starter culture. Also, the sausages manufactured with starter culture had lower pH values compared to the sausages without starter culture. In conclusion, the use of starter cultures contributes to improving the microbial safety of Sremska sausage

Kvalitet paniranih proizvoda od ribe na našem tržištu

Breaded fish products and amniotic fluid are acceptable to consumers because of the rapid preparation methods and relatively low prices. These products are marketed frozen. The quality of these products on the market is very variable due to the different quantities of fish and different quantities and ratios of additives used in the preparation of the jacket weight. This is due to the fact that regulations on the quality of these types of products do not define the amount of basic ingredients (fish) or added ingredients. Producers place these products on the market based on product specifications, and consumers are informed about the quality of these products on the basis of the declaration. The aim of this study was to examine the quality parameters of breaded fish products, or squid on the basis of declared data.Panirani proizvodi od ribe i plodova voda su za potrošače prihvatljivi zbog brzog načina pripreme i relativno niske cene. Ovi proizvodi se u promet stavljaju zamrznuti. Kvalitet ovih proizvoda je na tržištu veoma varijabilan zbog različite količine ribe i različite količine i odnosa dodataka koji se koriste za pripremu obložne mase. To je posledica činjenice da propisi o kvalitetu ove vrste proizvoda ne definišu bliže ni količinu osnovnih sastojaka (ribe) ni dodatih sastojaka. Proizvođači ove proizvode stavljaju u promet na osnovu proizvođačke specifikacije, a potrošači se o kvalitetu ovih proizvoda informišu na osnovu deklaracija. Cilj ovog rada bio je ispitivanje parametara kvaliteta paniranih proizvoda od ribe, odnosno lignje na osnovu podataka iz deklaracije

Brza hrana u ishrani adolescenata

In order to improve the nutrition of adolescents and to achieve their optimal body weight, considerable effort is invested to highlight the harmful effects of consuming fast food and the need of its reduction. In a survey conducted for this study, 1000 respondents were interviewed, aged 15-19, in the territory of the Republic of Serbian, during April 2014. The survey was made up of questions that are related to general demographics, questions about the type of food that respondents most often consumed, and part of the questions was related to the nutritional value and quality of fast food. Statistically significant differences were determined (p lt 0.05; p lt 0.01) in the answers of adolescents relating to the frequency of consumption and knowledge of the harmful effects of fast food. The aim of this study was to examine consumption, eating habits and basic knowledge of adolescents about fast food.U cilju poboljšanja ishrane adolescenata i postizanja njihove optimalne telesne mase ulaže se mnogo napora kako bi se ukazalo na štetne efekte konzumiranja brze hrane i potrebu njene redukcije. U istraživanju koje je sprovedeno za potrebe ovog rada anketirano je 1000 ispitanika uzrasta 15-19 godina, na teritoriji Republike Srpske, tokom aprila meseca 2014. godine. Anketa je sačinjena od pitanja koja su se odnosila na opšte demografske podatke, pitanja o vrsti hrane koju ispitanici najčešće konzumiraju, a deo pitanja se odnosio i na nutritivnu vrednost i kvalitet brze hrane. Utvrđene su statistički značajne razlike (p lt 0,05; p lt 0,01), u odgovorima adolescenata koji se odnose na učestalost konzumiranja i poznavanje štetnog dejstva brze hrane. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se ispita potrošnja, navike u ishrani i osnovna znanja adolescenata o brzoj hrani

Uticaj svinjskog mesa i masti na zdravlje ljudi

Meat has a significant role in human evolution and is essential for proper growth and development, primarily because it represents a valuable source of proteins, as well as vitamins B, folic acid and vitamins A and D. Red meat also contains large amounts of iron, zinc, and other mineral substances and their bioavailability is much higher from meat then from plant sources. In recent years, red meat, especially pork meat and lard are associated with a negative health image, and their consumption is associated with a number of diseases including cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes. Fat is most often mentioned as cause of these conditions, which is why the meat industry tends to reduce levels of fat in meat and meat products. However, fat is an important source of fatty acids, and according to recommendations, in order to improve human health, it is more important to balance the ratio between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, rather than exclude fat from the diet. Despite the negative image that has been created in the public, pork still represents the type of meat with the highest production and consumption globally.Meso ima značajnu ulogu u ljudskoj evoluciji i neophodno je za pravilan rast i razvoj organizma, pre svega jer predstavlja značajan izvor proteina, ali i vitamina B grupe, folne kiseline i vitamina A i D. Crveno meso takođe sadrži velike količine gvožđa, ali i cinka i drugih mineralnih materija, a njihova iskoristivost iz mesa je mnogo veća nego iz biljnih izvora. Poslednjih godina crveno, a pre svega svinjsko meso, kao i svinjska mast pominju se u negativnom kontekstu, a njihova upotreba u ishrani povezuje se sa mnogobrojnim oboljenjima kao što su kardiovaskularna oboljenja, kancer i dijabetes. Kao uzrok ovih oboljenja najčešće se pominje mast, zbog čega industrija mesa teži ka redukciji nivoa masti u mesu i proizvodima od mesa. Međutim, mast predstavlja značajan izvor masnih kiselina, a mnogobrojne preporuke na osnovu velikog broja istraživanja baziraju se na balansiranju odnosa zasićenih i nezasićenih masnih kiselina pre nego na izbacivanju masti iz ishrane. Ipak i pored negativne slike koja je stvorena u javnosti, svinjsko meso je i dalje vrsta mesa sa najvećom proizvodnjom i potrošnjom na globalnom nivou

Sigurnost hrane – stanje i prognoze

Zbornik radov