Policy and the K–12 music teacher: a literature review

Music teaching lies at the intersection of policy, research, and practice. An awareness of policy context and how policies affect teachers is essential for those in the music education profession. In particular, such an understanding can allow teachers to better adapt to and implement policies so that they might maintain and grow their programs and feel more satisfied in their jobs. This review of literature investigates scholarly literature published in music education research journals with implications for teachers’ classroom practice and their professional lives. It includes studies of resources, organizations, and educational reform, teachers and teaching, institutions and actors, and access, in addition to descriptions of policy. Implications for teachers related to policy awareness, access for all students to a variety of musical activities, and music education advocacy are discussed.Accepted manuscrip

Becoming music teachers: preservice music teachers' early beliefs about music teaching and learning

A major component in the socialisation of teachers is the development of a belief system, which is closely related to their identities. A better understanding of the belief systems and identities of preservice teachers when they begin the process of secondary socialisation could influence approaches to teacher preparation. The purpose of this study was to understand preservice teachers’ initial beliefs about music education as well as their conceptualisations of their identities. Data were drawn from selected assignments completed by students who were enrolled in an introductory-level music education course at a university in the northeastern United States. Through an analysis of the data using a constant comparative approach, three broad themes emerged: A desire to share and develop passion; expressing, feeling, and emotional growth; and providing opportunities for all students. Implications for teacher educators and suggestions for further research are discussed.Accepted manuscrip

Domestic open market operations during 2001

Open market operations ; Monetary policy ; Federal Open Market Committee

Treasury and federal reserve foreign exchange operations

During the third quarter of 2001, the dollar depreciated 7.3 percent against the euro and 4.1 percent against the yen. On a trade-weighted basis, the dollar ended the quarter 2.6 percent lower. Economic data released even before the terrorist attacks on September 11 suggested that the U.S. economic slowdown would likely be more protracted than previously expected, which generally weighed on the dollar. The attacks heightened pre-existing concerns about the weakness of the U.S. economy and lent further momentum to the general trends that prevailed earlier in the quarter. The U.S. monetary authorities did not intervene in the foreign exchange markets during the quarter.Foreign exchange rates

Domestic open market operations during 2002

Open market operations ; Monetary policy ; Federal Open Market Committee