The influence of functional pinealectomy and exogenous melatonin application on healing of burr hole in adult rat calvaria: a histological and immunohistochemical study

Background: Even today, repair of the cranial defects still represents a significant challenge in neurosurgery and various options have been used for their reconstruction to date. but there are very few studies investigating the effects of exogenous administration of melatonin (MEL) as an agent that promotes bone regeneration. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of functional pinealectomy (Px) and exogenous MEL administration on the bone repair properties and surrounding connective tissue alterations in a rat calvaria model. Materials and methods: The total of 30 adult female Wistar-Albino rats was randomly divided into three groups (n = 10): control (CO) group (12 h light/12 h dark exposure), functional Px group (24 h light exposure, light-induced functional Px), and Px+MEL group (light-induced Px plus MEL, 20 mg/kg/day for 12 weeks). Critical-sized burr-hole defects (diameter = 3.0 mm) were surgically created by a single operator in the calvarium of all rats, using an electric drill. Animals in Px+MEL group received MEL 20 mg/kg/day for 12 weeks. At the end of the study, bone healing and connective tissue alterations surrounding drilled defect area in the rat calvaria were determined in hematoxylin/eosin-stained and mallory azan slices applied in anti-bone sialoprotein (BSP). Image Pro Express 4.5 program was used for histomorphometric calculation of areas of new bone and fibrotic tissue. Normality control was performed by Shapiro Wilk test. Variance homogeneities were examined by Shapiro Wilk and Levene tests; Tukey HSD test was used as a post hoc method since there was no homogeneity problem. All hypothesis tests were performed at the 0.05 significance level. Results: Histological analysis showed that the bone repair process in the Px+MEL group was similar to that of the CO group, whereas the functional Px group showed a delay. Histomorphometrically, it was found that the Px group had the largest hole diameter and the most fibrotic scar area, although no binary statistical significance was found between the CO and Px+MEL groups (p=0.910). In terms of vascularization, it was observed that the most vascular structure was found in the Px+MEL group among the scar tissue and ossification areas, while the vascularization was the least in the Px group (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our findings revealed that bone repair process was impaired in functional Px group, but exogenous MEL replacement was able to restore this response. Thus, it is concluded that utilization of MEL may improve the bone repair in calvarial defects

Laryngoscopic Examination During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Turkish Voice Speech and Swallowing Disorders Society and Turkish Professional Voice Society Recommendations

COVID-19 is highly transmissible and spreads rapidly in the population. This increases the occupational risk for health care workers. In otolaryngology clinic practice, patients with upper respiratory tract infection symptoms are common. Also, routine head and neck examinations such as oral cavity examination, nasal/nasopharyngeal examination, or video laryngostroboscopic evaluation are highly risky because of the aerosol formation. To emphasize this issue, two leading otolaryngology organizations in Turkey; 'Voice Speech and Swallowing Disorders Society', and 'Professional Voice Society' gathered a task force. This task force aimed to prepare a consensus report that would provide practical recommendations of the safety measurements during routine clinical care of laryngology patients. To fulfill this, universal aim, on the 2nd and 9th of May 2020, two web-based meetings were conducted by 20 expert physicians. This eighteen items list was prepared as an output

Bombogor inscription: Tombstone of a Turkic quncuy ("princess")

Turkic Runic inscriptions, discovered in Mongolia during the second half of the 20th century and especially in the last decade, are remarkable. The Bombogor, consisting of five-lines, is one of them. This article is an attempt to re-read the mentioned inscription which was first published by Ts. Battulga. According to my proposed reading, the text was written on a tombstone which was erected in honour of a Turkish qun?cuy ("princess") who might have been married into the Karluk tribe. © The Royal Asiatic Society 2015

Endüstriyel makine imalatı yapan işletmelerde maliyet sisteminin oluşturulması ve bir uygulama

TEZ 657.42/ŞİReKaynakça: 135-151 ss.[Özet Yok

Pentoxifylline reduces injury of the brain in transient ischaemia

PubMed ID: 9684030Objective - The beneficial effect of pentoxifylline (PTX) on ischaemic-reperfusion injury was assessed in a rat model of transient global cerebral ischaemia. Design - Randomized, controlled, prospective study. Setting - University research laboratory. Subjects - Thirty-six male Wistar albino rats. Interventions - Ischaemia was induced with a four-vessel occlusion technique in 24 animals with the duration of 15 minutes. Group I animals (n = 12) received PTX treatment started 20 minutes before the occlusion of carotid arteries (60 mg/kg bolus followed by infusion at 0.1 mg/kg/min). A similar volume of saline solution was used in animals of the control group (group 2, n = 12). The animals in group 3 (sham group, n = 12) were anaesthetized and subjected to operative dissections without vascular occlusion. Measurements - Physiological parameters and somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) were monitored in animals before ischaemia, during ischaemia and in the first 30 minutes of reperfusion. Their neurological outcome had been clinically evaluated and scored up to 4 days post ischaemia. The intergroup differences were compared. Then the animals were sacrificed and their brains were processed for histopathological examination. Main results - In group 3, SEP amplitudes did not change during the procedures, and all animals recovered without neurologic deficits. At the end of the ischaemic period, the average amplitude was reduced to 4 ± 3% of the baseline in all ischaemic animals. This was followed by a gradual return to 92 ± 9% and 82 ± 8% of the initial amplitude after 30 minutes of reperfusion in group 1 and group 2, respectively (p < 0.05). The average neurological score was significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2 in the post-ischaemia period (p < 0.05). Histological observations were clearly correlated with the neurological findings. Conclusion - The results suggest that PTX reduces cerebral injury and preserves neurologic function in transient global ischaemia in rats

Neuroprotective effects of preischemia subcutaneous magnesium sulfate in transient cerebral ischemia

PubMed ID: 9726620Objective: Neurological injury due to transient cerebral ischemia is a potential complication of cardiovascular surgery. The neuroprotective effect of magnesium, when given subcutaneously before the ischemia, was assessed in a rat model of transient global cerebral ischemia. Methods: Thirty-six male Wistar albino rats were included to this randomized, controlled, prospective study. In 24 animals, ischemia was induced with four-vessel occlusion technique with the duration of 15 min. MgSO4 was given 600 mg/kg subcutaneously 48 h before the procedure in group 1 (n = 12). Similar volume of saline solution was used in animals of control group (group 2, n = 12). The animals in group 3 (sham group, n = 12) were anesthetized and subjected to operative dissections without vascular occlusion. Physiological parameters and somatosensory evoked-potentials (SEP) were monitored in animals before ischemia, during ischemia and in the first 30 min of reperfusion. Their neurological outcome had been clinically evaluated and scored up to 4 days postischemia. The intergroup differences were compared. Then the animals were sacrificed and their brains were processed for histopathological examination. Results: In group 3, SEP amplitudes did not change during the procedures, and all animals recovered without neurologic deficits. At the end of ischemic period, the average amplitude was reduced to 5 ± 3% of the baseline in all ischemic animals. This was followed by a gradual return to 87 ± 10% and 83 ± 8% of the initial amplitude after 30 min of reperfusion in group 1 and group 2, respectively (P &gt; 0.05). The average neurological score was significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2 at 48, 72 and 96 h after the ischemic insult (P &lt; 0.05). Histological observations were clearly correlated with the neurological findings. Conclusion: The results suggest that subcutaneous MgSO4 reduces cerebral injury and preserves neurologic function when given two days before the transient global ischemia in rats