Histopathological view of benign essential blepharospasm: Orbicularis oculi hormone receptor levels

Objectives: Benign essential blepharospasm (BEB) is a focal dystonia characterized by involuntary contractions of the orbicularis oculi and periocular muscles. We aimed to investigate the effects of muscle receptor levels on the etiopathogenesis of blepharospasm by evaluating the orbicularis oculi estrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) levels. Methods: Four blepharospasm patients (2 females and 2 males) who underwent upper lid blepharoplasty and/or orbicularis myomectomy and 4 healthy cases (2 females, 2 males) that had upper lid blepharoplasty were included. The pretarsal, preseptal, and orbital parts of the orbicularis muscles of the patients who underwent orbicularis myomectomy and the waste muscle tissue materials taken from the preseptal orbicularis muscles of the patients who had only upper blepharoplasty were analyzed. Immunohistochemical staining was performed with estrogen alpha and androgen. Results: In healthy men, the orbicularis oculi muscle was stained with ER at a moderate intensity and with AR at a high intensity. In men with blepharospasm, the orbicularis oculi were not stained with ER at all, but at a high intensity with AR. In healthy women, the orbicularis oculi were stained with ER and AR at a high intensity (>50%). In women with blepharospasm, the staining intensities of both receptors were moderate. Conclusion: We determined a decrease in ER and AR in females and almost the absence of ER in males with BEB. This decrease in ER may be associated with a functional abnormality in mitochondria and the decrease in hormonal receptors may be associated with sarcopenia in orbicularis oculi muscle fibers

Serum osteopontin levels in children with allergic conjunctivitis

Congress of the European-Academy-of-Allergy-and-Clinical-Immunology (EAACI) -- MAY 26-30, 2018 -- Munich, GERMANYWOS: 000441690402228…European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunolog

The Long-Term Effects of Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lenses on the Ocular Surface and Tear Function Tests

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of three different silicone hydrogel contact lenses, i.e. Balafilcon A (Pure Vision, Bausch & Lomb), Senofilcon A (Acuvue Oasys, Johnson & Johnson), and Confilcon A (Biofinity, CooperVision), on ocular surface after one, three, and sıx months of wear. Materials and Methods: Silicone hydrogel contact lenses (SHCL) were fitted to 58 patients (Balafilcon A to 40 eyes: Group 1, Senofilcon A to 42 eyes: Group 2, and Confilcon A to 34 eyes: Group 3) who have not used any contact lenses before. All groups were graded according to the Cornea and Contact Lens Research Unit’s grading score, and were performed ocular surface disease index scoring (OSDI), tear break-up time (BUT), and Schirmer 1 test. Results: The mean age was 22.45±5.96, 20.76±3.70, 21.00±3.84 years in Groups 1,2, and 3, respectively (p>0.05). While the increase in papillary hypertrophy as well as palpebral and bulbar hyperemia at 1st month in Group 1 and at 6th month at Group 2 were significant, there were no change in Group 3 with the use of SHCL (p<0.05). The mean OSDI, BUT did not show any difference in and between the groups (p>0.05). In Group 3, the Schirmer test was lower than in Groups 1 and 2, which was statistically significant (p=0.048, p=0.003). Conclusion: Factors like lens material, modulus, the presence of an internal wetting agent, and water content play an important role in the effects of SHCL on the ocular surface. In this study, it is demonstrated that SHCL does not cause clinically significant dry eye. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2014; 44: 201-6

Alterations in corneal biomechanical and topographic features after accelerated crosslinking: 1-year results

Objectives: To determine the biomechanical and topographic alterations within the first year after accelerated crosslink-ing (CXL) treatment in patients with keratoconus. Methods: In this prospective study, 52 eyes of 52 patients with progressive keratoconus underwent accelerated CXL were included. All patients had a detailed preoperative ophthalmologic examination, including slit-lamp evaluation, Gold-mann tonometry, fundoscopy, topography by Scheimpflug imaging (Sirius), and corneal biomechanical evaluation with a biomechanical waveform analysis device (ORA). Alterations in visual acuity and topographic findings were evaluated before the treatment and at 12 months follow-up. Corneal biomechanical features were obtained before the treatment, and at 1st, 3rd, 6th and 12th months. Results: Uncorrected-visual acuity and best-corrected visual acuity both statistically significantly improved at 12th month (p=0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in keratometry values, whereas maximum K (AKfront) and symmetry index front (SIfront) decreased significantly (p=0.015 and p=0.009, respectively). Corneal thinnest point and volume also decreased significantly at 12th month (p=0.001 for both). Goldmann-correlated intraocular pressure (IOPg) and corneal compensated IOP (IOPcc) values transiently increased in the first three months, while corneal hysteresis (CH) and the corneal resistance factor (CRF) transiently decreased, with the difference not statistically significant (p>0.05). However, central corneal thickness significantly decreased at the end of the 12th month (p=0.001). Conclusion: Accelerated CXL seems to be effective in stopping the progression of keratoconus. Our findings showed transient alterations in biomechanical features, which will end with the preoperative values at the end of the 12th month. Further studies are needed to demonstrate the changes in corneal biomechanics in vivo

The Long-Term Effects of Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lens Wear on Corneal Morphology

Pur po se: To evaluate the effects of silicone hydrogel contact lenses (SHCL) on central corneal thickness (CCT), corneal endothelial cell morphology, and tear functions. Ma te ri al and Met hod: Fifty-five eyes of 28 SHCL wearers (Group 1) and 52 eyes of 26 healthy subjects (Group 2) were included in this study’. According to their contact lens wearing time, the contact lens wearing subjects were divided into 2 groups: Group 1a - wearing time less than 1 year and Group 1b - wearing time more than 1 year. CCT, epithelial thickness, corneal endothelial cell morphology, ocular surface disease index score (OSDI), and tear break-up time (TBUT) were evaluated. Re sults: In Group 1 and Group 2, the mean CCT was 561.85±39.98 µm and 537.25±27.12 µm, respectively (p: 0.001).The epithelial thickness was 50.38±5.41 µm and 55.64±5.32 µm, respectively (p: 0.001). In Group 1a and Group1 b, the mean CCT was 573.39±33.86 µm and 546.96±42.98 µm (p: 0.014) and the epithelial thickness was 49.51±4.78 µm and 51.50±6.04 µm (p>0.05), respectively. In Group 1, the percentage of endothelial cells larger than 700µ was low, while the percentage of endothelial cells between 200 and 400µ was high (p<0,05). Dis cus si on: With SHCL wear, the corneal morphology is more affected in the short-term period. During long-term contact lens wear, the cornea enters an adaptation period and shows near-normal morphology. Tear functions are not affected by short- or long-term SHCL wear. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2012; 42: 91-6

Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty vs. Fixed Combinations with Timolol in Practice: A Replacement Study in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma

Objectives: To evaluate the potential of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) in two arms (360˚ vs. 180˚) as a replacement for fixed combinations (FCs) with timolol in primary open angle glaucoma over 6 months. Materials and Methods: Of 40 patients in a prospective, comparative, interventional case series, 18 eyes and 22 eyes were randomized to SLT 180º and SLT 360º groups, respectively, along with 40 fellow-control eyes. FC with timolol was discontinued on the day of treatment for the eye to be operated on, while ongoing therapy was not interrupted for the contralateral eye. Eyes were examined for intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation 1 hour and 1 day after SLT. The follow-up visits were then scheduled for 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after, during the which the IOP of both eyes and any possible complications were evaluated. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in mean IOPs through 6 months among the groups with exception of postlaser 1 hour and postlaser 1 day (p<0.001 and p=0.010, respectively). Multiple comparison analysis showed significantly higher IOP in both SLT 180º and SLT 360º subgroups compared to their controls at postlaser 1 hour (p=0.007, p<0.001) but significantly lower IOP only in SLT 360º subgroup compared to the controls at postlaser day 1 (p=0.013). Conclusion: SLT offers promising potential as a substitute equivalent to efficacy of FCs with timolol. However, SLT 360˚ may not achieve additional IOP reduction

Efficacy of keratometric values obtained from Sirius topographer® in nidek axial length-scan® for intraocular lens calculation after penetrating keratoplasty

Background: To evaluate the accuracy of keratometric values obtained from Scheimpflug (Sirius) topography using Nidek AL-Scan optical biometry (OB) for intraocular lens (IOL) power calculating after penetrating keratoplasty (PK). Methods: Thirty eyes of 26 patients were included in this study. The demographic information, complete ophthalmic examination, IOL calculation technique, and its effect on final refractive results were evaluated. Results: The mean age of the patients was 52.76 ± 16.20 years. The mean K readings using Nidek AL-Scan OB, mean simulated K (SimK) (3mm), and mean pupillary power (MPP) (4.5mm) K readings using Sirius were 41.92 ± 5.05 D, 42.99 ± 5.78 D, and 43.30±6.23 D (p= 0.515). Conclusions: Both devices correctly calculated IOL power after PK; however, Sirius SimK (3mm) gave the lowest mean absolute error (MAE) results and can be safely used for IOL power calculation

Changes in anterior chamber dimensions following small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE)

Purpose To evaluate the changes in anterior chamber dimensions including horizontal anterior chamber diameter (HACD), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and iridocorneal angle (ICA) following small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) using Scheimpflug-Placido disk tomographer (Sirius). Methods The records of the 73 eyes of 47 patients who received SMILE for myopia and myopic astigmatism were retrospectively reviewed. Preoperative and 6-month postoperative measurements of central corneal thickness (CCT), HACD, ACD, ICA, nasal anterior chamber angle (nACA), and temporal anterior chamber angle (tACA) were obtained by tomography, and compared with paired t-tests. Pearson's correlation and linear regression tests were used to evaluate the relationship between these parameters. Results The CCT, HACD, and ACD values decreased significantly at 6-month postoperatively (p < 0.05 for all). ICA, nACA, and tACA showed no statistically significant difference postoperatively (p = 0.54, p = 0.118, and p = 0.255, respectively). Pearson's correlation analysis confirms negative relationship between Delta-HACD and Delta-tACA (r = -0.475, p < 0.01), and a loose negative relationship between change in ACD and change in ICA (r = -0.282, p = 0.016). Age and Delta-tACA were found as predictive parameters for Delta-HACD and, Delta-ICA was a predictor for Delta-ACD. Conclusion While HACD and ACD decreased significantly, there was no significant change in ICA, nACA and tACA. Changes in HACD and ACD should be considered in terms of subsequent surgeries after SMILE