28 research outputs found

    Oddzia艂ywanie preparat贸w pestycydowych oraz heteroauksyny na kom贸rki dro偶d偶y Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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    Yeast are often used as a model organism in studies on non-specific effects of xenobiotics. This paper investigates susceptibility of yeast cells of different strains differing in effectiveness of antioxidant system on commercial preparations Betokson Super 025 SL and Fusilade Forte 150 EC which are used as pesticides, and on phytohormone indoleacetic acid (IAA). The experiment was carried out on a wild strain of yeast and mutant sod1 devoid of cytosolic superoxide dismutase activity, ctt1cta1 with no catalase activity, and also the mutant C4 with a low level of glutathione. Susceptibility of the cells was estimated upon their ability to grow on solid medium that contained the investigated substances. The results suggest that the enzyme superoxide dismutase plays an important role in protection of yeast cells against the effects of active substances in preparations Fusilade Forte 150 EC, Betokson Super 025 SL and IAA.Dro偶d偶e s膮 cz臋sto wykorzystywane jako organizm modelowy w badaniach nad niespecyficznym oddzia艂ywaniem ksenobiotyk贸w. W przedstawionej pracy badano wra偶liwo艣膰 kom贸rek dro偶d偶y szczep贸w r贸偶ni膮cych si臋 sprawno艣ci膮 systemu antyoksydacyjnego na handlowe preparaty: Betokson Super 025 SL i Fusilade Forte 150 EC stosowane jako 艣rodki ochrony roslin oraz na fitohormon heteroauksyn臋 IAA. Do艣wiadczenia przeprowadzano na szczepie dzikim dro偶d偶y, mutancie sod1 pozbawionym aktywno艣ci cytoplazmatycznej dysmutazy ponadtlenkowej, mutancie ctt1cta1 pozbawionym ca艂kowicie aktywno艣ci katalazowej oraz mutancie C4 o niskim poziomie glutationu. Wra偶liwo艣膰 tych kom贸rek oceniano na podstawie ich zdolno艣ci do wzrostu na po偶ywce sta艂ej zawieraj膮cej badane substancje. Uzyskane wyniki sugeruj膮, 偶e enzym dysmutaza ponadtlenkowa odgrywa wa偶n膮 rol臋 w ochronie kom贸rek dro偶d偶y przed szkodliwym dzia艂aniem substancji czynnych preparat贸w Fusilade Forte 150 EC i Betokson Super 025 SL oraz fitohormonu IAA

    Metabolizm energetyczny kom贸rek dro偶d偶y Saccharomyces cerevisiae a toksyczno艣膰 menadionu

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    Menadione (2-methyl-l,4-naphthoquinone) is a prooxidant agent commonly used in laboratory practice. It can induce oxidative damage to many cell biomolecules. The results of earlier studies show that the efficiency of the antioxidant system plays a significant part in the protection of yeast cells from toxic effects induced by menadione. The purpose of this study was to determine the sensitivity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells with different types of energy metabolism to menadione. The cells of the wild strain SP4 and its isogenlc respiratory mutant SP4rho~ were used in the experiment. By growing yeast on media containing different carbon sources (fermentable and non-fermentable) cells of different respiratory activity were obtained. The viability of the yeast cells was determined by calculating the colonies grown on solid media in the presence of this prooxidant. Under condition of full respiratory activity of yeast in the presence of the non-fermentable carbon source, ie ethanol, greater sensitivity of yeast cells to menadione was observed than under conditions of repression of the respiratory system (medium containing 2 % or 10 % glucose) in the case of cells of mutants incapable of aerobic respiration and in the presence of the slightly fermentable carbon source, ie raffinose. The results obtained show that the toxicity of menadione is not only connected with the efficiency of cell antioxidant mechanisms but it also depends on the type of energy metabolism of yeast cells.Menadion (2-metylo-1,4 naftochinon) jest powszechnie stosowanym w praktyce laboratoryjnej czynnikiem prooksydacyjnym. Generuje oksydacyjne uszkodzenia makromoleku艂 kom贸rkowych. Wyniki wcze艣niejszych bada艅 wskazuj膮, 偶e sprawno艣膰 systemu antyoksydacyjnego jest bardzo wa偶na w ochronie kom贸rek dro偶d偶owych przed toksycznymi efektami indukowanymi menadionem. Celem prezentowanej pracy by艂o okre艣lenie wra偶liwo艣ci kom贸rek dro偶d偶y Saccharomyces cerevisiae o r贸偶nym metabolizmie energetycznym na menadion. W badaniach wykorzystano kom贸rki szczepu dzikiego SP4 oraz jego izogenicznego mutanta oddechowego SP4 rho-. Hoduj膮c dro偶d偶e w po偶ywkach zwieraj膮cych r贸偶ne 藕r贸d艂a w臋gla (ulegaj膮ce fermentacji i nie ulegaj膮ce fermentacji), uzyskano kom贸rki o r贸偶nej aktywno艣ci oddechowej. Poziom prze偶ywalno艣ci kom贸rek dro偶d偶y oznaczono poprzez liczenie kolonii wyros艂ych na po偶ywkach sta艂ych w obecno艣ci tego prooksydantu. W warunkach pe艂nej aktywno艣ci oddechowej dro偶d偶y w obecno艣ci nie ulegaj膮cego fermentacji 藕r贸d艂a w臋gla, jakim jest etanol, zanotowano wi臋ksz膮 wra偶liwo艣膰 kom贸rek dro偶d偶y na menadion ni偶 w warunkach represji uk艂adu oddechowego (po偶ywka zawieraj膮ca 2 % lub 10 % glukoz臋), w przypadku kom贸rek mutanta niezdolnego do oddychania tlenowego oraz w obecno艣ci s艂abo fermentowalnego 藕r贸d艂a w臋gla jakim jest rafinoza. Uzyskane wyniki sugeruj膮, 偶e toksyczno艣膰 menadionu jest zwi膮zana nie tylko ze sprawno艣ci膮 kom贸rkowych mechanizm贸w antyoksydacyjnych, ale tak偶e zale偶y od typu metabolizmu energetycznego kom贸rek dro偶d偶y

    Oddzia艂ywanie preparat贸w herbicydowych: Betokson super, Fusilade oraz kwasu indolilooctowego (IAA) na wybrane procesy fizjologiczne rzodkiewki (Raphanus sativus L.) oraz dro偶d偶y (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)

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    Studies of non-specific effect of herbicides concern not only plants but also other organisms, mostly those which are directly exposed to the influence of herbicides in the natural environment. Reports on studies concerning a reaction on herbicides of phylogenetically distant organisms are more and more frequent. The author of this study examined the effect of commercial pesticide preparations Betokson super containing beta-naphthaleneacetic acid (NOA), Fusilade containing fluazifop-p-butyl and indoleacetic acid (IAA) on selected parameters of the process of germination of the radish (Raphanus sativus L.) seeds and the growth of the yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cells. In the case of radish the effect of these preparations on the dynamics of seed germination and elongation of seedlings was analyzed. In the case of yeast, the effect of the preparations on the dynamics of growth of cells in the wild strain in liquid medium was examined. The experiments show that sprouts and seedlings are the most sensitive to the examined preparations; significant inhibition of elongation of seedling organs was observed in the presence of examined preparations in concentrations lower than 10 ug o cm^-3. In this case it was observed that the strongest effects were induced by Betokson super preparation. The dynamics of sprouting of radish seeds and growth of yeast cells did not undergo significant changes under these conditions. Distinct inhibition of the process of sprouting and cell divisions in yeast was observed after adding the examined preparations in concentrations higher than 10 ug o cm_-3. The parameters which characterise the growth of yeast cells may be used in studies of non-specific effect of herbicides.Badania dotycz膮ce niespecyficznych oddzia艂ywa艅 pestycyd贸w koncentruj膮 si臋 nie tylko na rganizmach ro艣linnych, ale tak偶e obejmuj膮 inne organizmy, szczeg贸lnie te kt贸re s膮 bezpo艣rednio nara偶one na ich dzia艂anie w 艣rodowisku naturalnym. Coraz cz臋艣ciej spotyka si臋 relacje z bada艅 dotycz膮cych odpowiedzi na herbicydy odleg艂ych filogenetycznie organizm贸w. W prezentowanej pracy badano oddzia艂ywanie preparat贸w pestycydowych Betokson super (zawieraj膮cy kwas beta-naftoksyoctowy, NOA), Fusilade (zawieraj膮cy fluazifop-p-butylowy) i heteroauksyny (IAA) na wybrane parametry procesu kie艂kowania nasion rzodkiewki (Raphanus sativus L.) oraz wzrostu kom贸rek dro偶d偶y (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Oznaczono wp艂yw badanych substancji na dynamik臋 kie艂kowania nasion i wyd艂u偶anie organ贸w siewek rzodkiewki oraz na dynamik臋 wzrostu kom贸rek dro偶d偶y w po偶ywce p艂ynnej. Najbardziej wra偶liwe na badane substancje okaza艂y si臋 kie艂ki i m艂ode siewki. Wysoki poziom inhibicji wyd艂u偶ania organ贸w siewek zanotowano dla mniejszych ni偶 10 ug o cm^-3 st臋偶e艅 substancji aktywnych badanych preparat贸w. Najsilniejsze efekty hamowania wyd艂u偶ania siewek i korzeni zaobserwowano po zastosowaniu preparatu Betokson super. Natomiast dynamika kie艂kowania nasion rzodkiewki i przyrost liczby kom贸rek dro偶d偶y w tych warunkach nie ulega艂y znacz膮cym wahaniom. Wyra藕ne hamowanie procesu kie艂kowania i podzia艂贸w kom贸rkowych dro偶d偶y zaobserwowano dopiero po zastosowaniu wi臋kszych ni偶 10 ng o cm^-3 st臋偶e艅 badanych substancji. Parametry charakteryzuj膮ce wzrost kom贸rek dro偶d偶y mog膮 by膰 wykorzystywane w badaniach nad niespecyficznymi oddzia艂ywaniami herbicyd贸w

    Do antioxidants counteract the toxic effects of pyrethroids on Saccharomyces cerevisiae yest?

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    Pyretroidy s膮 estrami alkoholi pierwszo- lub drugorz臋dowych zawieraj膮cych przynajmniej jedno wi膮zanie podw贸jne i kwasu chryzantemowego lub halogenowych analog贸w tego kwasu. Zwi膮zki te znalaz艂y zastosowanie jako insektycydy. Mechanizm ich toksycznego dzia艂ania na owady polega na hamowaniu aktywno艣ci kana艂贸w jonowych w kom贸rkach nerwowych. Wed艂ug danych literaturowych, te pestycydy mog膮 wywo艂ywa膰 u r贸偶nych organizm贸w szereg niespecyficznych reakcji, kt贸rych wsp贸lnym mechanizmem mo偶e by膰 generowanie reaktywnych form tlenu. Celem prezentowanej pracy by艂o zbadanie, czy dodatek antyoksydant贸w do po偶ywki uchroni kom贸rki dro偶d偶y Saccharomyces cerevisiae przed zabiciem powodowanym inkubacj膮 z pyretroidami. Kom贸rki dro偶d偶y inkubowano przez 2 h z wybranymi pyretroidami, a nast臋pnie wysiewano na po偶ywk臋 sta艂膮 zawieraj膮c膮 r贸偶ne antyoksydanty. Por贸wnywano prze偶ywalno艣膰 kom贸rek dro偶d偶y na po偶ywkach kontrolnych i wzbogaconych o antyoksydanty. W przypadku kom贸rek dro偶d偶y nie stwierdzono ochronnej roli zastosowanych antyoksydant贸w przed toksyczno艣ci膮 pyretroid贸w.Pyrethroids are synthetic esters of primary or secondary alcohols containing at least one double bond and chrysanthemic acid [2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylpropenyl)-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid] or halogen analogues of this acid. These compounds have been used as insecticides. Their mechanism of toxic action on insects consists in inhibiting the activity of ion channels in nerve cells. According to data from the literature, generation of reactive forms of oxygen may be the mechanism of numerous non-specific reactions induced by these pesticides in various organisms. The aim of this study was to determine whether supplementing media with antioxidants protects Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells from loss of viability caused by incubation with pyrethroids. The yeast cells were incubated for 2 h with selected pyrethroids and then plated on solid medium containing various antioxidants. The survival rates of yeast cells grown on control media and enriched media were compared. The antioxidants applied were not found to protect the yeast cells from the toxicity of the pyrethroids

    Czy antyoksydanty przeciwdzia艂aj膮 skutkom toksycznego oddzia艂ywania pyretroid贸w na kom贸rki dro偶d偶y Saccharomyces cerevisiae?

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    Pyrethroids are synthetic esters of primary or secondary alcohols containing at least one double bond and chrysanthemic acid [2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylpropenyl)-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid), or halogen analogues of it. These compounds have been used as insecticides. Their mechanism of toxic action on insects consists in inhibiting the activity of ion channels in nerve cells. According to data from the literature, generation of reactive forms of oxygen may be the mechanism of numerous non-specific reactions induced by these pesticides in various organisms. The aim of this study was to determine whether supplementing media with antioxidants protects Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells from loss of viability caused by incubation with pyrethroids. The yeast cells were incubated for 2 h with selected pyrethroids and then plated on solid medium containing various antioxidants. The survival rates of yeast cells grown on control media and enriched media were compared. The antioxidants applied were not found to protect the yeast cells from the toxicity of the pyrethroids.Pyretroidy s膮 syntetycznymi insektycydami, w swojej strukturze chemicznej zawieraj膮, alkohol pierwsze- lub drugorz臋dowych (zawieraj膮cych przynajmniej jedno wi膮zanie podw贸jne) po艂膮czony estrowo z kwasem chryzantemowym [kwasu 3-(2,2-dimetylowinylo)-2,2-dimetylo cyklopropanokarboksylowego] lub analogiem tego kwasu. Zwi膮zki te znalaz艂y zastosowanie jako insektycydy. Mechanizm ich toksycznego dzia艂ania na owady polega na hamowaniu aktywno艣ci kana艂贸w jonowych w kom贸rkach nerwowych. Wed艂ug danych literaturowych te pestycydy mog膮 wywo艂ywa膰 u r贸偶nych organizm贸w szereg niespecyficznych reakcji, kt贸rych wsp贸lnym mechanizmem mo偶e by膰 generowanie reaktywnych form tlenu. Badaj膮c toksyczne dzia艂anie pyretroid贸w na kom贸rki dro偶d偶y, stwierdzono wyst臋powanie mian charakterystycznych dla stresu oksydacyjnego, takich jak: zmiany aktywno艣ci katalazy i dysmutazy ponadtlenkowej, zmniejszenie zredukowanego glutationu, zmniejszenie st臋偶enia zredukowanego glutationu i grup tiolowych, obni偶enie ca艂kowitej zdolno艣ci antyoksydacyjnej. Celem prezentowanej pracy by艂o zbadanie, czy dodatek antyoksydant贸w do po偶ywki uchroni kom贸rki dro偶d偶y Saccharomyces cerevisiae przed zabiciem powodowanym inkubacj膮 z pyretroidami. Kom贸rki dro偶d偶y inkubowano przez 2 h z wybranymi pyretroidami, a nast臋pnie wysiewano na po偶ywk臋 sta艂膮 zawieraj膮c膮 r贸偶ne antyoksydanty fenolowe, a tak偶e witaminy i ich pochodne. Por贸wnywano prze偶ywalno艣膰 kom贸rek dro偶d偶y na po偶ywkach kontrolnych i wzbogaconych o antyoksydanty. W przypadku kom贸rek dro偶d偶y nie stwierdzono ochronnej roli zastosowanych antyoksydant贸w przed toksyczno艣ci膮 pyretroid贸w

    Heme synthesis in yeast does not require oxygen as an obligatory electron acceptor.

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    In a previous paper (Krawiec, Z., Bili艅ski, T., Sch眉ller, C. & Ruis, H., 2000, Acta Biochim. Polon. 47, 201-207) we have shown that catalase T holoenzyme is synthesized in the absence of oxygen after treatment of anaerobic yeast cultures with 0.3 M. NaCl, or during heat shock. This finding suggests that heme moiety of the enzyme can either be formed de novo in the absence of oxygen, or derives from the preexisting heme pool present in cells used as inoculum. The strain bearing hem1 mutation, resulting in inability to form 未-aminolevulinate (ALA), the first committed precursor of heme, was used in order to form heme-depleted cells used as inocula. The cultures were supplemented with ALA at the end of anaerobic growth prior the stress treatment. The appearance of active catalase T in the stressed cells strongly suggests that heme moiety of catalase T is formed in the absence of oxygen. This finding suggests the necessity to reconsider current opinions concerning mechanisms of heme synthesis and the role of heme as an oxygen sensor

    Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Raspberry, Blackberry and Raspberry-Blackberry Hybrid Leaf Buds

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    In our investigation, the chemical composition and bioactive potential of leaf buds of raspberry, blackberry, and a raspberry-blackberry hybrid were determined. Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties were tested in water (W), ethanol-water (EW), and glycerol-water (GW) extracts from the buds. These plant organs contain relatively large amounts of minerals, especially Fe. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) measured by the ABTS and DPPH methods ranged from 2.86 to 12.19 and 6.75 to 24.26 mmol per 100 g fresh weight (FW) of buds, respectively. TAC values were generally higher in the raspberry than in the case of blackberry and raspberry-blackberry hybrid extracts. The antioxidant properties of the extracts were strongly positively correlated with their content of total phenolic (TP). No such relationship was noted for ascorbic acid (AA), whose concentration in all extracts was at a similarly low level. Antioxidant properties determined in vitro were confirmed for the GW extract from raspberry leaf buds in biological test based on the growth parameters of 螖sod1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant cells in hypertonic medium. The extracts also exhibited strong antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis and weaker against Enterobacter aerogenes. The studied leaf buds could be therefore an unconventional source of minerals, natural antioxidants and antibacterial compounds with potential applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries

    Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Raspberry, Blackberry and Raspberry-Blackberry Hybrid Leaf Buds

    No full text
    In our investigation, the chemical composition and bioactive potential of leaf buds of raspberry, blackberry, and a raspberry-blackberry hybrid were determined. Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties were tested in water (W), ethanol-water (EW), and glycerol-water (GW) extracts from the buds. These plant organs contain relatively large amounts of minerals, especially Fe. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) measured by the ABTS and DPPH methods ranged from 2.86 to 12.19 and 6.75 to 24.26 mmol per 100 g fresh weight (FW) of buds, respectively. TAC values were generally higher in the raspberry than in the case of blackberry and raspberry-blackberry hybrid extracts. The antioxidant properties of the extracts were strongly positively correlated with their content of total phenolic (TP). No such relationship was noted for ascorbic acid (AA), whose concentration in all extracts was at a similarly low level. Antioxidant properties determined in vitro were confirmed for the GW extract from raspberry leaf buds in biological test based on the growth parameters of Δsod1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant cells in hypertonic medium. The extracts also exhibited strong antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis and weaker against Enterobacter aerogenes. The studied leaf buds could be therefore an unconventional source of minerals, natural antioxidants and antibacterial compounds with potential applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries

    Ocena toksyczno艣ci azoksystrobiny dla saprofitycznych grzyb贸w oraz rzodkiewki we wczesnych stadiach wzrostu

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    The aim of the study was to assess the toxicity of azoxystrobin, a fungicide belonging to the strobilurin class, for selected saprophytic fungi (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Penicillium sp.) and for radish (Raphanus sativus L.) The parameters of fungi growth and the early development stages of radish were analysed. Based on the sensitivity of the organisms and their physiological processes to azoxystrobin, they can be arranged in the following order: growth of sod1 S. cerevisiae mutant, growth of wild-type S. cerevisiae, growth of Penicillium sp., respiration of germinating radish seeds, early seed germination, elongation of roots and seedlings, late seed germination. The mechanism of azoxystrobin toxicity seems to be associated with cellular antioxidant status.Celem bada艅 by艂a ocena toksyczno艣ci azoksytrobiny, fungicydu nale偶膮cego do klasy strobiluryn dla saprofitycznych grzyb贸w (Saccharomyces cerevisiae i Penicillium sp.) oraz rzodkiewki (Raphanus sativus L.). Analizowano wzrost dro偶d偶y szczepu dzikiego i jego mutanta bezdysmutazowego sod1, grzyba strz臋pkowego Penicillium sp. oraz parametry biochemiczne i fizjologiczne kie艂kuj膮cych nasion rzodkiewki i powsta艂ych z nich siewek. Najbardziej wra偶liwym na azoksytrobin臋 okaza艂 si臋 wzrost dro偶d偶y (mutanta sod1, nast臋pnie szczepu dzikiego wt) w nast臋pnej kolejno艣ci: wzrost grzybni Penicillium, oddychanie kie艂kuj膮cych nasion rzodkiewki, proces kie艂kowania oznaczany po 24 godzinach od wysiewu nasion, wyd艂u偶anie korzeni, wyd艂u偶anie siewek, proces kie艂kowania okre艣lany po 96 godzinach. Mechanizm toksyczno艣ci azoksytrobiny wydaje si臋 by膰 powi膮zany z aktywno艣ci膮 kom贸rkowego systemu antyoksydacynego
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