Wydajność karp matecznych i jakość sadzonek zielnych kilku odmian dalii ogrodowej

Dahlia, together with chrysanthemums and tulips, is one of the most beautiful and the most willingly cultivated perennials in green areas and home gardens. Therefore, the producers seek for more effective methods of its propagation. In the years 2011–2014 in the Felin Experimental Farm of the University of Life Sciences in Lublin the research was undertaken to estimate the crowns efficiency of four Polish border dahlia cultivars. The tubers were taken out from storage in early spring, then planted in trays filled with peat and placed on the tables in a glasshouse. The soft stem cuttings snipped off from the sprouts arising from tubers were used for experiments which aim was to evaluate the quality of four types of rooted soft cuttings. It was stated that the number of sprouts appearing in spring on a mother plant depended on a cultivar and a season. Tubers of ‘Krynica’ and ‘Halinka’ cul-tivars formed the most sprouts. The most effective were crowns from which apical cuttings were snipped off (90–115) pieces from the 10th of February till the 20th of April. The number of soft stems that were used to obtain cuttings ‘with heel’, ‘without heel’ and 2-node’ ones ranged on average from 50 to 80 per season. The best quality rooted cuttings, in terms of a fresh weight, number of leaves and a fresh weight and number of roots, were the heel cuttings.Dalia, obok chryzantem czy tulipanów, jest jedną z najpiękniejszych i najchętniej uprawianych bylin. Ponieważ roślina ta coraz częściej wykorzystywana jest do nasadzeń w terenach zieleni miejskiej, producenci poszukują bardziej wydajnych sposobów jej rozmnażania. W latach 2011–2014 w Gospodarstwie Doświadczalnym Felin Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego w Lublinie przeprowadzono badania, w których oceniono wydajność karp czterech polskich odmian dalii rabatowych. Karpy wczesną wiosną wystawiano z przechowalni, sadzono do skrzynek i ustawiano na stołach w szklarni. Z pędów wyrastających na karpach pozyskiwano zielne sadzonki pędowe do dalszych do-świadczeń, celem których była ocena jakości czterech typów ukorzenionych sadzonek zielnych. Wykazano, że liczba pojawiających się wiosną pędów zielnych na roślinie matecznej zależała od odmiany i sezonu prowadzonych badań. Najwięcej pędów tworzyły karpy odmian ‘Krynica’ i ‘Halinka’. Najbardziej wydajne były karpy, z których cięto od 10 lutego do 20 kwietnia sadzonki wierzchołkowe (90–115 sadzonek). Liczba pędów zielnych, z których pozyskiwano sadzonki z piętką, bez piętki i dwuwęzłowe wynosiła w sezonie średnio od 50 do 80. Najlepszą jakością ukorzenionych sadzonek (świeża masa sadzonki, liczba liści na sadzonce, świeża masa i liczba korzeni) charakteryzowały się te z tzw. piętką

The effect of the cutting method on rooting of Dahlia pinnata Cav. cuttings

Dahlias are propagated through stem cuttings. In the years 2003–2005, in a glasshouse of the Experimental Station in Felin, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, the research was conducted to evaluate rooting of different types of dahlia cuttings. The studied Dahlia pinnata cultivars were: ‘Berliner Kleene’, ‘Gea’, ‘Orange’ and ‘Orietta’. Six types of cuttings were tested: cuttings with heel, without heel, tip ones, tip long ones, lateral and middle ones. The cuttings excision was started when sprouting shoots had 5–7 pairs of leaves. The tip part with 2–3 pairs of leaves was cut off, leaving at least 2 pairs of leaves on the stem (tip cuttings). After about 2 weeks, in the nodes, new shoots start to arise, which might be used as cuttings when they form 2–3 pairs of leaves. When the tip cuttings are excised, new shoots will sprout directly from a tuber. They might be excised with a part of a tuber as cuttings with heel or without it – cuttings without heel. It is also possible to place tuberous roots into a glasshouse early, let the sprouting shoots form 6–8 pairs of leaves, and then excise longer then before tips with 3–4 pairs of leaves (long tip cuttings). The remaining, middle parts of the stems with 2 pairs of leaves, might be also used as lateral cuttings. Different types of cuttings were used and all of them rooted very well. No matter the type of cutting, their survival exceeded 90%. The types of cuttings did not significantly affect the percentage of rooted cuttings. However, the intensity of taking the roots depended on the cutting method. The growth started the earliest in case of cuttings with heel and tip ones. Plants formed from these types of cuttings characterized with the highest weight of the underground part as well. During the three years of the experiment, the highest mean weight of the above ground part was observed in case of tip and long tip cuttings