Glucocorticoid-regulated kinase CAMKIγ\gamma in the central amygdala controls anxiety-like behavior in mice

The expression of the Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase I gamma (encoded by the Camk1g gene) depends on the activation of glucocorticoid receptors (GR) and is strongly regulated by stress. Since Camk1g is primarily expressed in neuronal cells of the limbic system in the brain, we hypothesized that it could be involved in signaling mechanisms that underlie the adaptive or maladaptive responses to stress. Here, we find that restraint-induced stress and the GR agonist dexamethasone robustly increase the expression of Camk1g in neurons of the amygdalar nuclei in the mouse brain. To assess the functional role of Camk1g expression, we performed a virally induced knock-down of the transcript. Mice with bilateral amygdala-specific Camk1g knock-down showed increased anxiety-like behaviors in the light-dark box, and an increase in freezing behavior after fear-conditioning, but normal spatial working memory during exploration of a Y-maze. Thus, we confirm that Camk1g is a neuron-specific GR-regulated transcript, and show that it is specifically involved in behaviors related to anxiety, as well as responses conditioned by aversive stimuli

The analysis of fluctuating asymmetry based on research of fingerprint children and parents.

Celem pracy było przedstawienie asymetrii fluktuującej w badanej grupie. Jej natężenie jest miernikiem stabilności rozwojowej organizmu i pozwala odpowiedzieć na pytania jak organizm radził sobie w życiu płodowym z presją środowiskową i czynnikami stresogennymi.Materiałem i podstawą do analizy stanowiły ekspertyzy antropologiczne zawierające dermatoglify wykonywane w celu dochodzenia ojcostwa. Przeprowadzano je w latach 70, 80 i 90 XX wieku na Zakładzie Antropologii Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego przez jego pracowników.Badaną grupę stanowiła 95 rodzin: pewna matka, dziecko + ojciec z rangą minimum bardzo prawdopodobnego wg skali Hummelsa (1971) co razem stanowiło 285 osób (147 płci męskiej i 138 płci żeńskiej). Analizowano współczynniki skośności pojedynczych cech, a także różnic cech bilateralnych i w dalszej części pracy skupiono się na tych cechach, które posiadały niewielkie odchylenia od rozkładu normalnego (były to różnice w uwzorowaniu palców i liczby listewek pomiędzy homologicznymi palcami prawej i lewej ręki).Dokonano oceny częstości występowania wzorów w badanej grupie. Oceniono, że badana grupa jest grupą reprezentatywną populacji Polskiej.Oceniono natężenie asymetrii fluktuującej wg wzorów zaproponowanych przez Żądzińską (2004). Oceniano poziom FA1i FA2 dla 5 cech uwzorowania i 5 cech liczb listewek skórnych. Porównywano natężenie asymetrii kobiet i mężczyzn. Badano, czy asymetria fluktuująca dermatoglifów ma związek z czynnikami środowiskowymi takimi jak miejsce urodzenia, region urodzenia i czas urodzenia.Porównywano zależności między grupami krwi, a uwzorowaniem listewek skórnych i natężeniem asymetrii. Badania asymetrii fluktuującej dotyczących cech dermatoglificznych pozwalają odpowiedzieć na szereg pytań związanych z rozwojem organizmu i jego ekosensytywnością. W powyższej pracy próbowano odpowiedzieć na szereg ważnych pytań. Warto jednak przeprowadzić podobne pytania na wyższej liczbie osobników, które dadzą dokładniejsze i bardziej wiarygodne wyniki, gdyż analiza FA ma szczególne znaczenie również w monitorowaniu populacji współcześnie żyjących w Polsce i na świecie, a także rekonstruować warunki życia i kondycję biologiczną populacji historycznych, a także pradziejowych.The aim of this study was to show fluctuating asymmetry in the group. Its intensity is a measure of stability and development of the body and allows you to answer the question of how the body was doing in its fetal life with the pressure of environmental and stress factors.The material and the basis for the forensic analysis was the investigation of paternity made in the 70, 80, 90 th century to the Department of Anthropology of the Jagiellonian University by its employees. The study group represented 95 families according to the model: a mother, child + father of rank at least very likely (according to the scale of Hummels, 1971), which together accounted for 285 people (147 males and 138 females).Analyzed the skewness coefficients of individual characteristics, and attributes the differences bilaterally and the rest of the work focuses on those features that have small deviations from the normal distribution. An evaluation of the incidence patterns in the group. It has been estimated that the test group is representative of the Polish population.Fluctuating asymmetry analysis was done according to formulas proposed by Żądzińska. Assessed the level of FA2 FA1 and frequency patterns for 5 features of patterns and 5 features of number of dermal ridges. Compared the intensity of asymmetry between men and women. A higher coefficients of skewness and higher intensity of asymmetry observed in males.It was found that environmental factors such as place of birth, region of birth and time of birth affect the level of fluctuating asymmetry. The most stress manifesting itself in high-intensity asymmetries were exposed persons born during the war (time of birth), northern Poland (region of birth) and villages (place of birth). In turn, such factors as time away from the wars, city and Southern Poland characterized by the lowest unemployment rates favored the symmetrical development of the strips of skin and lowest asymmetry.Were investigated the relationship between blood groups and pattern strips of skin and the intensity of asymmetry. Research on the characteristics of fluctuating asymmetry features of dermatoglyphics allow to answer several questions related to the development of the organism and its eco-tenderness. In this work attempts to answer several important questions. It is, however, carry a similar question in a higher number of individuals that will give more accurate and reliable results, as the analysis of FA is of particular importance in monitoring the population living in Poland today and in the world, and also to reconstruct the conditions of life and health of the population biological history, and prehistoric

Glucocorticoid-Regulated Kinase CAMKIγ in the Central Amygdala Controls Anxiety-like Behavior in Mice

The expression of the Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase I gamma (encoded by the Camk1g gene) depends on the activation of glucocorticoid receptors (GR) and is strongly regulated by stress. Since Camk1g is primarily expressed in neuronal cells of the limbic system in the brain, we hypothesized that it could be involved in signaling mechanisms that underlie the adaptive or maladaptive responses to stress. Here, we find that restraint-induced stress and the GR agonist dexamethasone robustly increase the expression of Camk1g in neurons of the amygdalar nuclei in the mouse brain. To assess the functional role of Camk1g expression, we performed a virally induced knock-down of the transcript. Mice with bilateral amygdala-specific Camk1g knock-down showed increased anxiety-like behaviors in the light-dark box, and an increase in freezing behavior after fear-conditioning, but normal spatial working memory during exploration of a Y-maze. Thus, we confirm that Camk1g is a neuron-specific GR-regulated transcript, and show that it is specifically involved in behaviors related to anxiety, as well as responses conditioned by aversive stimuli

Raw dataset and additional data for article "Nonmotor symptoms associated with progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease"

<p>Dataset from the project investigating the presence of nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson's disease in a mouse model of progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons (namely,TIF-IADATCreERT2 strain). Mice were tested for executive and cognitive functions (males: Operant Sensation Seeking test, OSS; females: Probabilistic Reversal Learning Task in Intellicages), olfactory acuity (males: buried food test), saccharin preference (males and females), and motor performance (males and females: test using CatWalk apparatus).</p><p>The dataset includes files used to perform statistical analyses but their names may vary from the ones used in the scripts. For the purpose of recreating our analyses, please refer to the GitHub page, where both scripts and input data file names (in 'Raw data files' section) are compliant: https://github.com/annaradli/tif-pd-behavior.</p><p><strong>Description of files:</strong></p><p><i>Raw data files:</i></p><ul><li>animals_info.csv - animals data: genotype, sex, age, Intellicage tag identifier</li><li>catwalk_run_statistics_all_females.csv - data recorded in CatWalk apparatus for females</li><li>catwalk_run_statistics_all_males.csv - data recorded in CatWalk apparatus for males</li><li>females_weight_raw_data_revised.csv - females' body weight  (revised for containing Polish words)</li><li>intellicage_raw_data.csv - data recorded in IntelliCage exported to .csv format</li><li>intellicage_raw_data_R.RData - data recorded in IntelliCage in .RData format</li><li>males_weight_raw_data.csv - males' body weight</li><li>olfactory_time_digging_raw_data.csv - time to start digging at the right place in the buried food test</li><li>olfactory_time_retrieve_raw_data.csv- time to retrieve cracker in the buried food test</li><li>oss_raw_data.csv - data recorded in the OSS test</li><li>saccharin_preference_males_raw_data.csv - saccharin preference test results for males</li><li>snvta_cells_count.csv - number of TH+ cells in SN and VTA in male mice (3+3) 14 weeks after tamoxifen treatment</li></ul><p><i>Additional data files:</i></p><ul><li>all_anova.xlsx - summary of two-way ANOVAs of all behavioral tests and weight measurements for males and females</li><li>catwalk_complete.xlsx - CatWalk complete dataset with datapoints</li><li>catwalk_correlation_between_paws.xlsx - correlation coefficients of CatWalk parameters between the left and right paws</li><li>catwalk_reduced.xlsx - CatWalk parameters used in linear regression model reduction of data</li><li>intelli.xlsx - IntelliCage data summarized in bins</li><li>oss.xlsx - operant sensation-seeking data</li></ul><p>v2 contains the corrected 'animals_info.csv' file without an unnecessary column.</p><p>v3 has a revised version of file containing females' weight measurements and also added a file with midbrain cell counts</p><p>v4 has a whole section of 'Additional data files' added</p&gt