Historical basins sediments

Modifications of small water reservoirs in the past focused primarily on addressing issues of capacity and stability of the reservoir capture. By the impact of changes in the use of reservoir surroundings, by acceleration of the erosion processes on the adjecent land and non-periodical maintenance of the capture leads to morphological changes in the reservoir, which causes changes in the in the reduced flowage of the basin and thus in changes of the flood protection degree of adjacent land. This reduces the accumulation part of the basin and subsequently its economic use in fish rearing Bottom sediments of dams are products of erosion of agricultural and forest soils, the main flow of the river basin and tributaries connected to the dam or a system of dams. They have the basic properties of surface layers of soil erosion

SMALL WATER RESERVOIRS – SOURCES OF WATER OR PROBLEMS?

The design of small water reservoirs in Slovakia and neighbouring countries has common origins in the middle of the last century. Most of them were an alternative source of water for irrigation of field crops. Nowadays, we have to face new problems, such as the problems with the design of hydrological data and real current discharges, the problems with original and new design of the flood wave for the solution of the safety overflow. All of Q100 flows recorded nowadays are much higher than those which had been designed and built. The safety overflows no longer answer the purpose of the contemporary flows. The problems with the Framework Directive are also important – small water reservoirs are not resolved in the Directive as the water bodies of stagnant water because they have an area of less than 0.5 km2. The same problem is also with the preservation of continuity of the flow and the fact that they should let the fish pass. Unfortunately, the state, administrators of small dams, operators and nature conservationists have different points of view on the above-mentioned problems. The article elaborates these problems and suggests possible solutions to the problems

SMALL WATER RESERVOIRS – SOURCES OF WATER OR PROBLEMS?

The design of small water reservoirs in Slovakia and neighbouring countries has common origins in the middle of the last century. Most of them were an alternative source of water for irrigation of field crops. Nowadays, we have to face new problems, such as the problems with the design of hydrological data and real current discharges, the problems with original and new design of the flood wave for the solution of the safety overflow. All of Q100 flows recorded nowadays are much higher than those which had been designed and built. The safety overflows no longer answer the purpose of the contemporary flows. The problems with the Framework Directive are also important – small water reservoirs are not resolved in the Directive as the water bodies of stagnant water because they have an area of less than 0.5 km2. The same problem is also with the preservation of continuity of the flow and the fact that they should let the fish pass. Unfortunately, the state, administrators of small dams, operators and nature conservationists have different points of view on the above-mentioned problems. The article elaborates these problems and suggests possible solutions to the problems

Ocena dokładności powierzchniowego rozkładu wilgotności objętościowej w wierzchniej warstwie gleby sporządzonego metodami geostatystycznymi

W pracy wykazano wpływ gęstości pomiarów na dokładność wyznaczania powierzchniowego rozkładu wilgotności objętościowej w wierzchniej warstwie gleby. Do analiz zastosowano metody geostatystyczne, których wykorzystanie poprzedzono wstępną oceną klasycznych miar statystycznych. Po sprawdzeniu warunku stacjonarności zbudowano semiwariogramy empiryczne z najlepiej dopasowanymi modelami matematycznymi. Wykorzystano je podczas procedury krigingu, w celu sporządzenia powierzchniowych rozkładów wilgotności. Na podstawie badań polowych przeprowadzonych w miejscowości Sarbinowo położonej na terenie gminy Mielno wykazano, że zwiększenie dokładności określenia rozkładu wilgotności jest istotne, gdy „oczko” siatki punktów pomiarowych maleje do 1 m. Powierzchniowe zagęszczanie pomiarów wiąże się ze zwiększeniem pracochłonności badań i nie powoduje istotnych zmian w dokładności wyznaczenia rozkładu wilgotności