Uticaj islamskih raskola na formiranje političkih sistema Saudijske Arabije i Irana

Different variations of Islam, Shia and Wahabi, played a key role in shaping the political systems of Saudi Arabia and Iran. On the example of Saudi Arabia we may see that the institutions of this authoritarian system w?re established under the crucial influence of Wahhabism. By adopting the Wahhabism as the royal family ideology, Al Saud’s absolute monarchy was strengthened with religious legitimacy. Today, Wahhabism remains the major determinant of the political processes in Saudi monarchy. That can be seen best through the powers given to the clerical circles in various areas of social life, and also by the fact that the state legal system is based exclusively on the fundamentalist interpretation of Islamic religious law. On the other hand, Islamic Republic of Iran owes its current political system to centuries long tradition of Shia imamate, which, along with a brief but strong tradition of parliamentary government, formed the precondition for a unique and highly complex political system. Uniqueness and complexity of the Iranian political system is a direct consequence of inability to achieve the highest religious imperative, the rule of Mahdi (righteous messiah), which led to the creation of “The Next Best Thing” alternative - the Islamic republic as Velayat- e faqih. It is important to notice the qualitatively different manner in which Islam has been incorporated into these political systems. Although considered to be a fundamentalist Islamic order, in which sharia law is most consistently respected and implemented, Saudi Arabia, however, is a monarchy in which the absolute power is still in the hands of secular ruler. Right to pass legislation in the form of royal decrees confirmes that, regardless of his religious title, the government of Saudi king is essentially secular. Therefore Wahhabism, although it’s undoubtedly the foundation of the Saudi state, in political life of the kingdom serves primarily as a pillar of the monarchy. Islamic Republic of Iran, based on the values of the Islamic Revolution, links its political dynamics to the institutionalization of clerical positions in government structures (Fagih, the Guardian Council, the Council of Experts), and therefore we can conclude that synthesis of Shia Islam and the politics in Iran is fully achieved

Politički sistem Turske na razmeđu kemalizma i islamizma

This paper determines, through the analysis of political institutions, as well as analysis of the key moments of the modern Turkish history, the main characteristics of the political system of Turkey. Also, the authors analyze the role of the military in the establishment and maintenance of the secular society, and try to illuminate the essence of the current Islamist shift in Turkish politics. The paper first gives a historical overview of Ataturk’s reforms and the emergence of the Turkish republic, followed by review of basic characteristic of its political institutions. Then the authors analyze the past and present role of the military in Turkish political life, as well as reform shift after the victory of Islamists on parliamentary elections in 2002. The final part of the paper raises the question of whether the current policies of the ruling AK party leads to ? greater democratization of society, its Islamization, or domination of one party over the entire political system

Endorsement and Social Role of the Ethos of Conflict in Serbia

The study’s aims are to analyze the endorsement of the ethos of conflict (EoC )‎narrative in the Serbian-Albanian conflict among the adults in Serbia, its relation ‎to political conservatism, and its role in pushing conservative political action. A total of N = 1613 adults (aged 18+) were recruited for face-to-face interviewing, ‎in a representative sampling procedure, in December 2019 in Serbia.‎ The results show high endorsement of EoC in the Serbian-Albanian fray; the‎ mediation effect of EoC (having both high EoC and high conservatism is associated‎ with greater political activism); the relation between EoC and political‎ activism is moderated by age (the older population endorsing higher EoC‎ was more politically active). In the future, we should address more actively the‎ mobilizers of reactionary political actions in public and individual spheres, to‎ better understand the mechanisms for achieving long-term peace.

Sanitary status of Pome and Stone Fruit Collection in Gene Bank in Republic of Srpska

Detection of viruses presence were carried out for the 225 a of pome and stone fruit trees from the collection of the Genetic Resources Institute of University of Banja Luka, located within the Botanical Garden of the University, tested by DAS-ELISA. The pome fruit trees were analyzed on presence of the following viruses: Apple Chlorotic Leaf Spot Virus (ACLSV), Apple Stem Grooving Virus (ASGV), Apple Stem Pitting Virus (ASPV) and Apple Mosaic Virus (ApMV). The stone fruits were analyzed on presence of Plum Pox Virus (PPV), Prune Dwarf Virus (PDV) and Prunus Necrotic Ring Spot Virus (PNRSV). All samples were tested serologically by DAS-ELISA. In addition to this, virus negative pear and apple accessions were tested for 'Candidatus Phytoplasma mali' and 'Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri' presence using nested-PCR/RFLP analyses

Sanitary Status of Pome and Stone Fruit Collection in Gene Bank in Republic of Srpska

Detection of viruses presence were carried out for the 225 a of pome and stone fruit trees from the collection of the Genetic Resources Institute of University of Banja Luka, located within the Botanical Garden of the University, tested by DAS-ELISA. The pome fruit trees were analyzed on presence of the following viruses: Apple Chlorotic Leaf Spot Virus (ACLSV), Apple Stem Grooving Virus (ASGV), Apple Stem Pitting Virus (ASPV) and Apple Mosaic Virus (ApMV). The stone fruits were analyzed on presence of Plum Pox Virus (PPV), Prune Dwarf Virus (PDV) and Prunus Necrotic Ring Spot Virus (PNRSV). All samples were tested serologically by DAS-ELISA. In addition to this, virus negative pear and apple accessions were tested for 'Candidatus Phytoplasma mali' and 'Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri' presence using nested-PCR/RFLP analyses