14 research outputs found
Utjecaj dominantne i nedominantne strane tijela na specifiÄnu uspjeÅ”nost u taekwondou
To identify the gender-specific influence of dominant laterality of motor abilities on taekwondo techniques performed to the right and left body side, thirty-nine male and eighteen female taekwondoists (age range 10Ā±2 years) underwent two testing sessions to evaluate ambidexterity: (1) motor abilities measured on the left and the right body side; (2) quality of performance of taekwondo leg technique (front kick and roundhouse kick) measured on the right and the left body side. The results of t-test indicated gender differences in the taekwondo technique acquisition and flexibility and defined the body asymmetry differences in motor abilities assessed by the variables grip strength, frequency of alternate leg movements and alternate hand movements (p<.05). According to the regression analysis results for male athletes, motor abilities measured on both the left and the right side of the body were defined with strong linear correlation with taekwondo basic techniquesā performance to both body sides (MC from .75 to .81), while in female athletes, motor abilities measured on the right side of the body were not significant. Gender-based success-related dominant motor abilities profile structure does not condition their influence when it comes to the asymmetric taekwondo performance.Radi utvrÄivanja spolnih razlika u lateralnoj motoriÄkoj dominaciji te njihova utjecaja na uspjeÅ”nost izvoÄenja nožnih tehnika u taekwondou, provedeno je istraživanje na uzorku od trideset devet djevojÄica i osamnaest djeÄaka, u dobi od 10Ā±2 godine. Mjerenja su u svrhu procjene lateralne motoriÄke dominacije provedena u dvije etape: (1) mjerenje motoriÄkih sposobnosti na obje strane tijela; (2) procjena razine izvoÄenja nožnih tehnika u taekwondou (prednjeg i kružnog udarca) u lijevu i desnu stranu. Prema rezultatima t-testa, postoje znaÄajne razlike po spolu u uspjeÅ”nosti usvajanja prednjeg i kružnog udarca lijevom i desnom nogom i u fleksibilnosti, a utvrÄene su i znaÄajne razlike u motoriÄkim sposobnostima lijeve i desne strane tijela procijenjene varijablama jakost hvata maksimalne snage i frekvencije pokreta ruku i nogu (p<.05). Prema rezultatima regresijske analize u djeÄaka je utvrÄena znaÄajna linearna povezanost izmeÄu motoriÄkih sposobnosti mjerenih na lijevoj i desnoj strani tijela te izvoÄenja nožnih tehnika na dominantnoj i nedominantnoj strani (MC od ,75 do ,81), dok je na uzorku djevojÄica znaÄajna linearna povezanost s izvoÄenjem nožnih tehnika utvrÄena samo s motoriÄkim varijablama mjerenima na lijevoj strani tijela. Dominantna lateralna motorika i razlike zabilježene po spolu u konaÄnici ne definiraju asimetriju u izvedbi pojedinih tehnika
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on international studentsā perception of service quality (Case study of the University of Split)
Purpose: Development opportunities of higher education institutions (HEI) arising from international activities are constantly evolving, increasing at the same time their complexity. Consequently, numerous activities have been created to connect different higher education institutions across Europe, where the biggest challenge of internationalisation today is the European Universities Initiative. In that context, it is important to measure whether the European Union initiative created better resilience to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methodology: Empirical analysis was conducted that included international students who studied at UNIST for one semester during the pandemic. The following descriptive statistics methods were used for data analysis: percentages, mean, frequency distribution, the standard deviation correlation method, as well as the independent-samples t-test and the correlation method.
Results: The results show that from the perspective of international students, there is a positive relationship between perceived service quality and internationalisation during the COVID-19 pandemic period. A case study was presented on the internationalisation of the University of Split as one of the first universities that joined the European Universities Initiative.
Conclusion: Internationalisation is one of the keys to success if the perceived quality of higher education can be considered as a key to student satisfaction
Some Anthropologic Factors of Performance in Rhythmic Gymnastics Novices
The aim of the study was to determine motor and morphological factors, and to assess their impact on specific motor skill performance in rhythmic gymnastics (RG). Experimental training process aimed at learning and improving basic movement structures of rhythmic gymnastics was performed for nine months in a sample of 50 female rhythmic gymnastics novices (mean age 7.1Ā±0.3 years). Seven dimensions in total were isolated by factorial analysis of 13 motor, 11 morphological, and 20 specific rhythmic gymnastics tests. The factors of flexibility (Beta=0.26; p<0.05), explosive strength (Beta= 0.25; p<0.05) and adipose voluminosity (Beta=ā0.42; p<0.001) explains 41% of the success in performing RG basic body elements ā jumps, rotations, balance and flexibility (R=0.64), while the frequency of movement (Beta=0.44; p<0.001) and non-adipose voluminosity (Beta= 0.26; p<0.05) explains 26% of RG-specific manipulations with the apparatus ā club, ribbon and ball wrist manipulation (R=0.52; p<0.01). According to study results, the RG--training process intended for rhythmic gymnastics novices should be programmed, with preset objectives for the development of flexibility and explosive strength, speed and peripheral joint strength and adipose tissue reduction
Der Einfluss des anfangszustands von motorischen FƤhigkeiten auf das erwerben motorischer Kenntnisse bei der rhythmischen Gymnastik
The relations of some motor tests in the initial status to successfulness in rhythmic sports gymnastics (RSG) after a six - month learning process were investigated on the sample of 100 eleven - year - old pupils. The predictor system consisted of motor tests for evaluating coordination, realization of rhythmic structures, balance, flexibility, movement frequency, explosive and repetitive power. The criterion variables were represented by three rhythmic compositions, which are officially carried out at national championships for the category of girls in the required all-around RSG competitions. The most significant correlation to successful performance of RSG compositions was recorded with the tests of flexibility, strength and coordination in rhythm. The test of legs movement frequency (MBFTAZ) has an outstanding predictive value in the compositions with hand apparatus. The obtained pieces of information can be used in training sessions for developing such motor abilities that exhibit the greatest correlation to the performance, and, consequently, can show how to direct the training process in order to improve the final performance of the composition.Auf der Stichprobe von 100 elfjƤhrigen SchĆ¼lerinnen wurden die Zusammenhinge einiger motorischer Tests im Anfangszustand mit der Leistung bei der rhythmischen Gymnastik nach sechsmonatigen Trainingszeit untersucht. Die motorischen Tests zur Bewertung der Koordination, der Realisation rhythmischer Strukturen, des Gleichgewichts, der FlexibilitƤt, der Bewegungsfrequenz, sowie der Explosivkraft und der repetitiven Kraft bildeten das PrƤdiktorsystem. Die Kriteriumsvariablen umfassten drei im obligatorischen Mehrkampf an den Nationalmeisterschaften fĆ¼r MƤdchen angewandte rhythmische Kompositionen. Die wichtigsten Korrelationen mit der erfolgreichen AusfĆ¼hrung der rhythmisch-gymnastischen Kompositionen wurden in den Tests der FlexibilitƤt, der Kraft und der Rhythmuskoordination verzeichnet. Der Test der Beinbewegungsfrequenz hat den speziellen PrƤdiktionswert fĆ¼r die Komposition mit Handgerat. Die erzielten Informationen kƶnnen bei der Selektion sowie, noch wichtiger, im Trainingsprozess verwendet werden - zur Entwicklung derjenigen motorischen FƤhigkeiten, die die meisten Korrelationen mit der AusfĆ¼hrung der Komposition gezeigt haben
Der Einfluss des anfangszustands von motorischen FƤhigkeiten auf das erwerben motorischer Kenntnisse bei der rhythmischen Gymnastik
The relations of some motor tests in the initial status to successfulness in rhythmic sports gymnastics (RSG) after a six - month learning process were investigated on the sample of 100 eleven - year - old pupils. The predictor system consisted of motor tests for evaluating coordination, realization of rhythmic structures, balance, flexibility, movement frequency, explosive and repetitive power. The criterion variables were represented by three rhythmic compositions, which are officially carried out at national championships for the category of girls in the required all-around RSG competitions. The most significant correlation to successful performance of RSG compositions was recorded with the tests of flexibility, strength and coordination in rhythm. The test of legs movement frequency (MBFTAZ) has an outstanding predictive value in the compositions with hand apparatus. The obtained pieces of information can be used in training sessions for developing such motor abilities that exhibit the greatest correlation to the performance, and, consequently, can show how to direct the training process in order to improve the final performance of the composition.Auf der Stichprobe von 100 elfjƤhrigen SchĆ¼lerinnen wurden die Zusammenhinge einiger motorischer Tests im Anfangszustand mit der Leistung bei der rhythmischen Gymnastik nach sechsmonatigen Trainingszeit untersucht. Die motorischen Tests zur Bewertung der Koordination, der Realisation rhythmischer Strukturen, des Gleichgewichts, der FlexibilitƤt, der Bewegungsfrequenz, sowie der Explosivkraft und der repetitiven Kraft bildeten das PrƤdiktorsystem. Die Kriteriumsvariablen umfassten drei im obligatorischen Mehrkampf an den Nationalmeisterschaften fĆ¼r MƤdchen angewandte rhythmische Kompositionen. Die wichtigsten Korrelationen mit der erfolgreichen AusfĆ¼hrung der rhythmisch-gymnastischen Kompositionen wurden in den Tests der FlexibilitƤt, der Kraft und der Rhythmuskoordination verzeichnet. Der Test der Beinbewegungsfrequenz hat den speziellen PrƤdiktionswert fĆ¼r die Komposition mit Handgerat. Die erzielten Informationen kƶnnen bei der Selektion sowie, noch wichtiger, im Trainingsprozess verwendet werden - zur Entwicklung derjenigen motorischen FƤhigkeiten, die die meisten Korrelationen mit der AusfĆ¼hrung der Komposition gezeigt haben
Sprungleistung der 7-jƤhrigen AnfƤngerinnenin rhythmischer Gymnastik ist stark von dem Zustandderen motorischen FƤhigkeiten beeinflusst
The aim of this study was to establish the probable influence of the characteristic motor ability and skill factors on the jumping/leaping performance in a sample of 55 novice female gymnasts (mean age 7.1 Ā± 0.3 years), who had participated in a year of training. The sample of variables consisted of 12 tests of the basic motor abilities and 9 RG (rhythmic gymnastics) specific leaping performance tests, in which 5 experienced RG-judges evaluated their performance. Canonical correlation analysis was utilized to establish the relations between the scores of the motor tests and the leaping/jumping performance marks. According to the linear correlation and canonical correlation results, coordination (coordination in rhythm, primarily) and strength (leg power, in the first place), contributed mostly to the performance evaluation marks assigned for the RG leaping elements (65% variance explained). Although being expected, the influence of flexibility on the leaping performance of novices in RG was not evident.Uvod Skokovi su osnovna skupina elemenata tijelom u ritmiÄkoj gimnastici. Može se pretpostaviti da je dobro izvoÄenje skokova na svim težinskim razinama preduvjet za postizanje dobrih rezultata ritmiÄarki. Ackerman (1988) pretpostavlja da su opÄe motoriÄke sposobnosti presudne za izvedbu skokova na prvom stupnju usvajanja znanja iz ritmiÄke gimnastike (RG). Osnovni cilj ovog istraživanja je kanoniÄkom korelacijskom analizom utvrditi utjecaj motoriÄkih sposobnosti na uspjeh u izvoÄenju skokova kod poÄetnica u RG. Metode Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 55 sedmogodiÅ”njih poÄetnica u ritmiÄkoj gimnastici (prva godina vježbanja). Primijenjeno je 12 motoriÄkih testova koji pokrivaju podruÄje latentnih kretnih i energetskih dimenzija za koje se pretpostavlja da su nazoÄne i u ritmiÄkoj gimnastici. Odabrani su sljedeÄi motoriÄki testovi: (1) poligon natraÅ”ke; (2) koraci u stranu; (3) taping rukom; (4) taping nogom; (5) skok u vis - Sargent; (6) bacanje medicinke iz ležanja; (7) broj podizanja trupa iz ležanja na leÄima u minuti; (8) broj ÄuÄnjeva u minuti; (9) pretklon raznožno; (10) visoko prednoženje desnom nogom iz ležanja (mjereno u stupnjevima); (11) visoko prednoženje lijevom nogom iz ležanja (mjereno u stupnjevima) i (12) ritmiÄko bubnjanje. Za procjenu izvedbe skokova u ritmiÄkoj gimnastici odabrano je devet skokova bez sprave i sa spravom (težine razine A prema bodovnom pravilniku iz 2001. g.), primjerenih za poÄetnice u ritmiÄkoj gimnastici: (1) kozaÄki skok (bez sprave); (2) jelenji skok (bez sprave); (3) daleko-visoki skok (bez sprave); (4) trÄeÄi koraci i skok Å”kare kroz otvorenu vijaÄu okretanjem naprijed; (5) kruženje presavijenom vijaÄom u jednoj ruci, (6) kozaÄki skok; bacanje i hvatanje lopte, (7) jelenji skok - prolaz kroz obruÄ, (8) kozaÄki skok i kruženje Äunjevima, (9) jelenji skok, kruženje trakom i daleko-visoki skok. Uspjeh u izvoÄenju skokova procijenili su eksperti na temelju promatranja videozapisa. Pet sudaca neovisno je procjenjivalo uspjeÅ”-nost ritmiÄarki u svakom testu na Likertovoj ljestvici od pet stupnjeva. Povezanost motoriÄkih sposobnosti ritmiÄarki poÄetnica s uspjehom u izvoÄenju skokova utvrÄena je kanoniÄkom korelacijskom analizom. Rezultati, rasprava i zakljuÄak Svi primijenjeni testovi za procjenu uspjeÅ”nosti u izvoÄenju skokova sa spravama i bez njih imaju zadovoljavajuÄe vrijednosti objektivnosti (tablica 2), Å”to ukazuje na objektivno ocjenjivanje i slaganje sudaca. BuduÄi da su se provjeravala samo znanja osnovnih skokova (težina razine A) te osnovne tehnike spravama, možemo pretpostaviti da djevojÄice u poÄetnoj fazi uÄenja osnovnih elemenata iz ritmiÄke gimnastike najteže usvajaju daleko-visoki skok te skokove povezane s izbacivanjem sprave (lopte). Dobro izvoÄenje daleko-visokog skoka zahtijeva, osim eksplozivne snage, i najviÅ”i stupanj fleksibilnosti nogu, koja se kod poÄetnica joÅ” uvijek nije razvila do razine dostatne za kvalitetno izvoÄenje daleko-visokog skoka. KanoniÄkom korelacijskom analizom utvrÄena je povezanost izmeÄu rezultata motoriÄkih testova i izvoÄenja skokova u ritmiÄkoj gimnastici. Prema rezultatima linearne korelacijske i kanoniÄke korelacijske analize, koordinacija (osobito koordinacija u ritmu) te snaga (osobito eksplozivna snaga nogu) doprinose postizanju boljih rezultata u izvoÄenju skokova kod poÄetnica u ritmiÄkoj gimnastici. Premda je bio oÄekivan, utjecaj fleksibilnosti na skokove u ritmiÄkoj gimnastici nije utvrÄen. Prema predstavljenim rezultatima, sposobnost za motoriÄko uÄenje skokova u ritmiÄkoj gimnastici osobito je uvjetovana koordinacijom. Osim koordinacije, boljem izvoÄenju skokova doprinosi i eksplozivna snaga nogu. Autori pretpostavljaju da eksplozivna snaga nogu doprinosi izvoÄenju visokih skokova te tako omoguÄuje veÄu amplitudu pokreta.Die Absicht dieser Studie war, den wahrscheinlichen Einfluss von Faktoren der charakteristischen motorischen FƤhigkeit und Fertigkeit festzustellen auf die Sprungleistung von 55 AnfƤngerinnen in rhythmischen Gymnastik (das Durchschnittsalter 7,1 Ā± 0,3), die ein Jahr trainiert haben. Die Auswahl von Variablen umfasste 12 Tests der basischen motorischen FƤhigkeiten und 9 Tests der Sprungleistung, die fĆ¼r die rhythmische Gymnastik spezifisch sind, bei denen 5 erfahrene Schiedsrichter die Leistungen bewerteten. Die Analyse der kanonischen Korrelation wurde gemacht, um den Zusammenhang zwischen den Ergebnissen der motorischen Tests und den Noten fĆ¼r die gymnastische AusfĆ¼hrung festzustellen. Die Ergebnisse der linearen und kanonischen Korrelation zeigten, dass die Koordination (insbesondere die rhythmische Koordination) und die Kraft (in erster Linie die Beinkraft) die Noten fĆ¼r die Sprungelemente der rhythmischen Gymnastik beeinflussen, was den 65% des Unterschieds erklƤrt. Obwohl erwartet, war der Einfluss der FlexibilitƤt auf die Sprungleistung der Turnerinnen nicht festzustellen
Sprungleistung der 7-jƤhrigen AnfƤngerinnenin rhythmischer Gymnastik ist stark von dem Zustandderen motorischen FƤhigkeiten beeinflusst
The aim of this study was to establish the probable influence of the characteristic motor ability and skill factors on the jumping/leaping performance in a sample of 55 novice female gymnasts (mean age 7.1 Ā± 0.3 years), who had participated in a year of training. The sample of variables consisted of 12 tests of the basic motor abilities and 9 RG (rhythmic gymnastics) specific leaping performance tests, in which 5 experienced RG-judges evaluated their performance. Canonical correlation analysis was utilized to establish the relations between the scores of the motor tests and the leaping/jumping performance marks. According to the linear correlation and canonical correlation results, coordination (coordination in rhythm, primarily) and strength (leg power, in the first place), contributed mostly to the performance evaluation marks assigned for the RG leaping elements (65% variance explained). Although being expected, the influence of flexibility on the leaping performance of novices in RG was not evident.Uvod Skokovi su osnovna skupina elemenata tijelom u ritmiÄkoj gimnastici. Može se pretpostaviti da je dobro izvoÄenje skokova na svim težinskim razinama preduvjet za postizanje dobrih rezultata ritmiÄarki. Ackerman (1988) pretpostavlja da su opÄe motoriÄke sposobnosti presudne za izvedbu skokova na prvom stupnju usvajanja znanja iz ritmiÄke gimnastike (RG). Osnovni cilj ovog istraživanja je kanoniÄkom korelacijskom analizom utvrditi utjecaj motoriÄkih sposobnosti na uspjeh u izvoÄenju skokova kod poÄetnica u RG. Metode Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 55 sedmogodiÅ”njih poÄetnica u ritmiÄkoj gimnastici (prva godina vježbanja). Primijenjeno je 12 motoriÄkih testova koji pokrivaju podruÄje latentnih kretnih i energetskih dimenzija za koje se pretpostavlja da su nazoÄne i u ritmiÄkoj gimnastici. Odabrani su sljedeÄi motoriÄki testovi: (1) poligon natraÅ”ke; (2) koraci u stranu; (3) taping rukom; (4) taping nogom; (5) skok u vis - Sargent; (6) bacanje medicinke iz ležanja; (7) broj podizanja trupa iz ležanja na leÄima u minuti; (8) broj ÄuÄnjeva u minuti; (9) pretklon raznožno; (10) visoko prednoženje desnom nogom iz ležanja (mjereno u stupnjevima); (11) visoko prednoženje lijevom nogom iz ležanja (mjereno u stupnjevima) i (12) ritmiÄko bubnjanje. Za procjenu izvedbe skokova u ritmiÄkoj gimnastici odabrano je devet skokova bez sprave i sa spravom (težine razine A prema bodovnom pravilniku iz 2001. g.), primjerenih za poÄetnice u ritmiÄkoj gimnastici: (1) kozaÄki skok (bez sprave); (2) jelenji skok (bez sprave); (3) daleko-visoki skok (bez sprave); (4) trÄeÄi koraci i skok Å”kare kroz otvorenu vijaÄu okretanjem naprijed; (5) kruženje presavijenom vijaÄom u jednoj ruci, (6) kozaÄki skok; bacanje i hvatanje lopte, (7) jelenji skok - prolaz kroz obruÄ, (8) kozaÄki skok i kruženje Äunjevima, (9) jelenji skok, kruženje trakom i daleko-visoki skok. Uspjeh u izvoÄenju skokova procijenili su eksperti na temelju promatranja videozapisa. Pet sudaca neovisno je procjenjivalo uspjeÅ”-nost ritmiÄarki u svakom testu na Likertovoj ljestvici od pet stupnjeva. Povezanost motoriÄkih sposobnosti ritmiÄarki poÄetnica s uspjehom u izvoÄenju skokova utvrÄena je kanoniÄkom korelacijskom analizom. Rezultati, rasprava i zakljuÄak Svi primijenjeni testovi za procjenu uspjeÅ”nosti u izvoÄenju skokova sa spravama i bez njih imaju zadovoljavajuÄe vrijednosti objektivnosti (tablica 2), Å”to ukazuje na objektivno ocjenjivanje i slaganje sudaca. BuduÄi da su se provjeravala samo znanja osnovnih skokova (težina razine A) te osnovne tehnike spravama, možemo pretpostaviti da djevojÄice u poÄetnoj fazi uÄenja osnovnih elemenata iz ritmiÄke gimnastike najteže usvajaju daleko-visoki skok te skokove povezane s izbacivanjem sprave (lopte). Dobro izvoÄenje daleko-visokog skoka zahtijeva, osim eksplozivne snage, i najviÅ”i stupanj fleksibilnosti nogu, koja se kod poÄetnica joÅ” uvijek nije razvila do razine dostatne za kvalitetno izvoÄenje daleko-visokog skoka. KanoniÄkom korelacijskom analizom utvrÄena je povezanost izmeÄu rezultata motoriÄkih testova i izvoÄenja skokova u ritmiÄkoj gimnastici. Prema rezultatima linearne korelacijske i kanoniÄke korelacijske analize, koordinacija (osobito koordinacija u ritmu) te snaga (osobito eksplozivna snaga nogu) doprinose postizanju boljih rezultata u izvoÄenju skokova kod poÄetnica u ritmiÄkoj gimnastici. Premda je bio oÄekivan, utjecaj fleksibilnosti na skokove u ritmiÄkoj gimnastici nije utvrÄen. Prema predstavljenim rezultatima, sposobnost za motoriÄko uÄenje skokova u ritmiÄkoj gimnastici osobito je uvjetovana koordinacijom. Osim koordinacije, boljem izvoÄenju skokova doprinosi i eksplozivna snaga nogu. Autori pretpostavljaju da eksplozivna snaga nogu doprinosi izvoÄenju visokih skokova te tako omoguÄuje veÄu amplitudu pokreta.Die Absicht dieser Studie war, den wahrscheinlichen Einfluss von Faktoren der charakteristischen motorischen FƤhigkeit und Fertigkeit festzustellen auf die Sprungleistung von 55 AnfƤngerinnen in rhythmischen Gymnastik (das Durchschnittsalter 7,1 Ā± 0,3), die ein Jahr trainiert haben. Die Auswahl von Variablen umfasste 12 Tests der basischen motorischen FƤhigkeiten und 9 Tests der Sprungleistung, die fĆ¼r die rhythmische Gymnastik spezifisch sind, bei denen 5 erfahrene Schiedsrichter die Leistungen bewerteten. Die Analyse der kanonischen Korrelation wurde gemacht, um den Zusammenhang zwischen den Ergebnissen der motorischen Tests und den Noten fĆ¼r die gymnastische AusfĆ¼hrung festzustellen. Die Ergebnisse der linearen und kanonischen Korrelation zeigten, dass die Koordination (insbesondere die rhythmische Koordination) und die Kraft (in erster Linie die Beinkraft) die Noten fĆ¼r die Sprungelemente der rhythmischen Gymnastik beeinflussen, was den 65% des Unterschieds erklƤrt. Obwohl erwartet, war der Einfluss der FlexibilitƤt auf die Sprungleistung der Turnerinnen nicht festzustellen
Razlikovni uÄinci treninga juda, nogometa i atletike na antropoloÅ”ka obilježja sedmogodiÅ”njih djeÄaka
In this paper we studied the effects of nine months of physical training by comparing seven-year-old boys
participating in the 9-month-training in soccer, track-and-field and judo, with non-additionally physically
engaged same-aged controls. The experimental programmes consisted of additional 45-minute exercise
routines 3 times weekly. The morphological measures, motor-endurance changes and differences were
studied. No significant differences were found between the groups at the studyās onset, except in the 20m
dash, where the track-and-field group was superior to the control group. All the experimental programmes led to significant improvements in some anthropological characteristics among the participants compared to the control group. In conclusion, it is difficult to rank the experimental programmes in terms of multidimensional implications on some anthropological characteristics. It is much more appropriate to conclude that each programme had a specific influence on the variables of some anthropological characteristics that are highly important in a particular sport.U ovom istraživanju analiziran je utjecaj tri razliÄita devetomjeseÄna eksperimentalna programa (nogomet, atletika i judo) i kontrolnog programa (redovita nastava TZK) na koordinaciju, agilnost, fleksibilnost, miÅ”iÄnu i aerobnu izdržljivost, te potkožno masno tkivo kod sedmogodiÅ”njih djeÄaka bez dotadaÅ”njeg sportskog iskustva. Svi su ispitanici testirani dva puta (inicijalno i finalno), a treninzi su se provodili tri puta tjedno u trajanju od 45 minuta. Primijenjena je analiza varijance (ANOVA) s post-hoc usporedbom pomoÄu Scheffeās testa te je izraÄunata univarijatna analiza varijance razlika (one-way ANOVA) srednjih vrijednosti rezultata meÄu skupinama od inicijalnog do finalnog mjerenja za morfoloÅ”ke i motoriÄke varijable. U inicijalnom je mjerenju utvrÄeno da nema znaÄajnih razlika u primijenjenim varijablama izmeÄu skupina, osim u testu sprint na 20m i to u korist esperimentalne atletske skupine u odnosu na kontrolnu skupinu ispitanika. Ispitanici sve tri eksperimentalne skupine postigli su znaÄajan napredak u nekima od primijenjenih antropoloÅ”kih varijabla u usporedbi s kontrolnom skupinom. ZakljuÄno, nije moguÄe precizno rangirati primijenjene eksperimentalne programe prema kriteriju viÅ”estranog utjecaja na razvoj motoriÄkog statusa kod sedmogodiÅ”njih djeÄaka. Primjerenije je zakljuÄiti da je svaki eksperimentalni program imao specifiÄan utjecaj upravo na one sposobnosti koje su bitne za uspjeh u tom sportu
Utjecaj dominantne i nedominantne strane tijela na specifiÄnu uspjeÅ”nost u taekwondou
To identify the gender-specific influence of dominant laterality of motor abilities on taekwondo techniques performed to the right and left body side, thirty-nine male and eighteen female taekwondoists (age range 10Ā±2 years) underwent two testing sessions to evaluate ambidexterity: (1) motor abilities measured on the left and the right body side; (2) quality of performance of taekwondo leg technique (front kick and roundhouse kick) measured on the right and the left body side. The results of t-test indicated gender differences in the taekwondo technique acquisition and flexibility and defined the body asymmetry differences in motor abilities assessed by the variables grip strength, frequency of alternate leg movements and alternate hand movements (p<.05). According to the regression analysis results for male athletes, motor abilities measured on both the left and the right side of the body were defined with strong linear correlation with taekwondo basic techniquesā performance to both body sides (MC from .75 to .81), while in female athletes, motor abilities measured on the right side of the body were not significant. Gender-based success-related dominant motor abilities profile structure does not condition their influence when it comes to the asymmetric taekwondo performance.Radi utvrÄivanja spolnih razlika u lateralnoj motoriÄkoj dominaciji te njihova utjecaja na uspjeÅ”nost izvoÄenja nožnih tehnika u taekwondou, provedeno je istraživanje na uzorku od trideset devet djevojÄica i osamnaest djeÄaka, u dobi od 10Ā±2 godine. Mjerenja su u svrhu procjene lateralne motoriÄke dominacije provedena u dvije etape: (1) mjerenje motoriÄkih sposobnosti na obje strane tijela; (2) procjena razine izvoÄenja nožnih tehnika u taekwondou (prednjeg i kružnog udarca) u lijevu i desnu stranu. Prema rezultatima t-testa, postoje znaÄajne razlike po spolu u uspjeÅ”nosti usvajanja prednjeg i kružnog udarca lijevom i desnom nogom i u fleksibilnosti, a utvrÄene su i znaÄajne razlike u motoriÄkim sposobnostima lijeve i desne strane tijela procijenjene varijablama jakost hvata maksimalne snage i frekvencije pokreta ruku i nogu (p<.05). Prema rezultatima regresijske analize u djeÄaka je utvrÄena znaÄajna linearna povezanost izmeÄu motoriÄkih sposobnosti mjerenih na lijevoj i desnoj strani tijela te izvoÄenja nožnih tehnika na dominantnoj i nedominantnoj strani (MC od ,75 do ,81), dok je na uzorku djevojÄica znaÄajna linearna povezanost s izvoÄenjem nožnih tehnika utvrÄena samo s motoriÄkim varijablama mjerenima na lijevoj strani tijela. Dominantna lateralna motorika i razlike zabilježene po spolu u konaÄnici ne definiraju asimetriju u izvedbi pojedinih tehnika