Induction of somatic embryogenesis in Pinus heldreichii culture

The potential for somatic embryogenesis in zygotic embryo and megagametophyte cultures of Pinus heldreichii was examined. Somatic embryogenesis was initiated from megagametophytes containing immature zygotic embryos at early stages of development. An induction frequency of up to 6.7% was obtained on Gresshoff and Doy medium in the presence of 2 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.5 mg/l benzyladenine (BA). Formation and further proliferation of embryogenic tissue were achieved upon transfer of explants to a medium with reduced levels of growth regulators. Somatic embryos are being cultured for further development. .U kulturi izolovanih zigotskih embriona i ovula munike (Pinus heldreichii) ispitivan je efekat hranljive podloge i regulatora rastenja na indukciju somatske embriogeneze. Somatska embriogeneza je indukovana u kulturi ovula koje su sadržavale embrione na ranom stupnju razvića. Najviša frekvencija indukcije od 6.7% postignuta je kada su ovule 5 dana gajene na Gresshoff i Doy (GD) hranljivoj podlozi u prisustvu 2,4-D 2 mg/l i BA 0.5 mg/l, a zatim prenete na GD podlogu u kojoj je koncentracija regulatora rastenja bila 5 puta niža. U cilju dugotrajnog održavanja u kulturi, embriogeno tkivo je izolovano i gajeno na GD podlozi sa 2,4-D 0.2 mg/l i BA 0.05 mg/l. Mikroskopskom analizom je utvrđeno da se tkivo sastoji od brojnih embriona na ranim stupnjevima razvića. Za klonalnu propagaciju ove značajne endemoreliktne četinarske vrste u kulturi in vitro, neophodna su dalja istraživanja sa ciljem povećanja frekvencije indukcije somatske embriogeneze, kao i frekvencije sazrevanja embriona. .nul

Induction of somatic embryogenesis in Pinus heldreichii culture

The potential for somatic embryogenesis in zygotic embryo and megagametophyte cultures of Pinus heldreichii was examined. Somatic embryogenesis was initiated from megagametophytes containing immature zygotic embryos at early stages of development. An induction frequency of up to 6.7% was obtained on Gresshoff and Doy medium in the presence of 2 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.5 mg/l benzyladenine (BA). Formation and further proliferation of embryogenic tissue were achieved upon transfer of explants to a medium with reduced levels of growth regulators. Somatic embryos are being cultured for further development. .U kulturi izolovanih zigotskih embriona i ovula munike (Pinus heldreichii) ispitivan je efekat hranljive podloge i regulatora rastenja na indukciju somatske embriogeneze. Somatska embriogeneza je indukovana u kulturi ovula koje su sadržavale embrione na ranom stupnju razvića. Najviša frekvencija indukcije od 6.7% postignuta je kada su ovule 5 dana gajene na Gresshoff i Doy (GD) hranljivoj podlozi u prisustvu 2,4-D 2 mg/l i BA 0.5 mg/l, a zatim prenete na GD podlogu u kojoj je koncentracija regulatora rastenja bila 5 puta niža. U cilju dugotrajnog održavanja u kulturi, embriogeno tkivo je izolovano i gajeno na GD podlozi sa 2,4-D 0.2 mg/l i BA 0.05 mg/l. Mikroskopskom analizom je utvrđeno da se tkivo sastoji od brojnih embriona na ranim stupnjevima razvića. Za klonalnu propagaciju ove značajne endemoreliktne četinarske vrste u kulturi in vitro, neophodna su dalja istraživanja sa ciljem povećanja frekvencije indukcije somatske embriogeneze, kao i frekvencije sazrevanja embriona. .nul

The photoperiodic control of growth and development of Chenopodium rubrum L. plants in vitro

Influence of the photoperiod on growth, flowering, and seed development in vitro of Chenopodium rubrum L., a short day annual, was examined. Chenopodium rubrum plants modify their growth and reproductive development in accordance with the photoperiod. With an increase of day length, growth was stimulated, flowering was delayed, seed development occurred earlier, and the plants produced more seeds. By altering photoperiods during induction and evocation of flowering, it is shown that the photoperiod experienced by seedlings during early reproductive development determines the pattern of plant growth to the end of ontogenesis, the time to flowering, and the course of seed development. It is therefore concluded that growth and reproductive development of C. rubrum are photoperiod-sensitive to during a precise short part of its life cycle.

DOI:10.2298/ABS0703203M THE PHOTOPERIODIC CONTROL OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF CHENOPODIUM RUBRUM L. PLANTS IN VITRO

Abstract – Influence of the photoperiod on growth, flowering, and seed development in vitro of Chenopodium rubrum L., a short day annual, was examined. Chenopodium rubrum plants modify their growth and reproductive development in accordance with the photoperiod. With an increase of day length, growth was stimulated, flowering was delayed, seed development occurred earlier, and the plants produced more seeds. By altering photoperiods during induction and evocation of flowering, it is shown that the photoperiod experienced by seedlings during early reproductive development determines the pattern of plant growth to the end of ontogenesis, the time to flowering, and the course of seed development. It is therefore concluded that growth and reproductive development of C. rubrum are photoperiod-sensitive to during a precise short part of its life cycle

In vitro propagation of Tacitus belhts

Tacitus bellus Moran & J. Meyran, syn. Graptopetalum bellum, fam Crassulaceae was discovered in 1972 in a mountainous areas in Mexico and southwest of the USA. Rosettes, up to 10 cm in diameter, lie almost flat to the ground, while large clusters of star like, pink till deep red, flowers appear in May and June, which makes it one of the most fascinating new succulent plants. Sterilized lower rosette leaves were aseptically placed on medium containing, mineral and vitamin solution supplemented with sucrose (3 %), benzylaminopurine (BAP) (2.25 mg dm-3) and naphtalenacetic acid (NAA) (0.186 mg dm-3) arid gelled with agar (0.7 %), Murashige and Skoog, 1962,. Callus and a large number of buds were observed on the explants bases after six months of cultivation on the two-phase medium. The bud multiplications were performed on MS media supplemented with BAP (0.1-0.5 mg dm-3) and NAA (0.1 mg dm-3), while rooting of small rosettes were performed on NAA (0.1 - 0.2 mg dm-3). Spontaneous rooting (80 %) were noticed on hormone free medium while NAA (0.1 or 0.2 mg dm-3) stimulated it up to 100%, depending on clones. Rooted plants were easily acclimatized.Tacitus bellus Moran & J. Meyran, syn. Graptopetalum bellum, fam Crassulaceae je pronađena 1972 godine u planinskim regionima Meksika i jugozapadne Amerike. Rozete, 10 cm u prečniku, leže gotovo na zemlji. Stabljike sa mnogobrojnim zvezdolikim ružičastim cvetovima, pojavljuju u maju i junu, što ovu biljku čini jednom od najprivlačnijih sukulentnih biljaka. Površinski sterilisani donji listovi rozete su postavljani na podlogu koja sadrži MS mineralni i vitaminski rastvor, saharozu (3 %), BAP (2.25 mg dm-3) i NAA (0.186 mg dm-3) i agar (0.7 %). Posle šest meseci kultivacije na dvofaznom medijumu, primećen je kalus i veliki broj pupoljaka u osnovi eksplantata. Medijumi za multiplikaciju pupoljaka sadržali su BAP (0.1 - 0.5 mg dm-3) i NAA (0.1 mg dm-3), dok su medijumi za ožiljavanje malih rozta sadržali NAA (0.1 ili 0.2 mg dm-3). Spontano ožiljavanje (80 %) je uočeno na podlozi bez hormona, dok je NAA (0.1 i 0.2 mg dm-3) stimulisala ožiljavanje do 100%, u zavisnosti od klona. Ožiljene biljke su lako aklimatizovane.Projekat ministarstva br. 171

In vitro propagation of Tacitus belhts

Tacitus bellus Moran & J. Meyran, syn. Graptopetalum bellum, fam Crassulaceae was discovered in 1972 in a mountainous areas in Mexico and southwest of the USA. Rosettes, up to 10 cm in diameter, lie almost flat to the ground, while large clusters of star like, pink till deep red, flowers appear in May and June, which makes it one of the most fascinating new succulent plants. Sterilized lower rosette leaves were aseptically placed on medium containing, mineral and vitamin solution supplemented with sucrose (3 %), benzylaminopurine (BAP) (2.25 mg dm-3) and naphtalenacetic acid (NAA) (0.186 mg dm-3) arid gelled with agar (0.7 %), Murashige and Skoog, 1962,. Callus and a large number of buds were observed on the explants bases after six months of cultivation on the two-phase medium. The bud multiplications were performed on MS media supplemented with BAP (0.1-0.5 mg dm-3) and NAA (0.1 mg dm-3), while rooting of small rosettes were performed on NAA (0.1 - 0.2 mg dm-3). Spontaneous rooting (80 %) were noticed on hormone free medium while NAA (0.1 or 0.2 mg dm-3) stimulated it up to 100%, depending on clones. Rooted plants were easily acclimatized.Tacitus bellus Moran & J. Meyran, syn. Graptopetalum bellum, fam Crassulaceae je pronađena 1972 godine u planinskim regionima Meksika i jugozapadne Amerike. Rozete, 10 cm u prečniku, leže gotovo na zemlji. Stabljike sa mnogobrojnim zvezdolikim ružičastim cvetovima, pojavljuju u maju i junu, što ovu biljku čini jednom od najprivlačnijih sukulentnih biljaka. Površinski sterilisani donji listovi rozete su postavljani na podlogu koja sadrži MS mineralni i vitaminski rastvor, saharozu (3 %), BAP (2.25 mg dm-3) i NAA (0.186 mg dm-3) i agar (0.7 %). Posle šest meseci kultivacije na dvofaznom medijumu, primećen je kalus i veliki broj pupoljaka u osnovi eksplantata. Medijumi za multiplikaciju pupoljaka sadržali su BAP (0.1 - 0.5 mg dm-3) i NAA (0.1 mg dm-3), dok su medijumi za ožiljavanje malih rozta sadržali NAA (0.1 ili 0.2 mg dm-3). Spontano ožiljavanje (80 %) je uočeno na podlozi bez hormona, dok je NAA (0.1 i 0.2 mg dm-3) stimulisala ožiljavanje do 100%, u zavisnosti od klona. Ožiljene biljke su lako aklimatizovane.Projekat ministarstva br. 171

Micropropagation of Pinus heldreichii

Micropropagation by organogenesis from mature embryos of Pinus heldreichii Christ. was achieved. The frequency of adventitious bud induction was higher on embryos grown on Gresshoff and Doy medium than on Von Arnold and Eriksson, or Murashige and Skoog medium. The greatest number of buds and developed shoots was obtained after induction with benzyladenine at 2.22 or 4.40 mu M for four weeks. Shorter induction time was less effective for bud induction, but subsequent shoot elongation was accelerated. Shoots elongated on half-strength, growth regulator-free medium supplemented with activated charcoal. After pulse treatment with 1 mM indole-3-butyric acid twenty shoots were rooted, while agar-solidified medium supplemented with alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid (0.27 or 1.08 mu M), or indole-3-butyric acid (0.25 or 0.98 mu M) induced callus formation only.nul

Micropropagation of Pinus heldreichii

Micropropagation by organogenesis from mature embryos of Pinus heldreichii Christ. was achieved. The frequency of adventitious bud induction was higher on embryos grown on Gresshoff and Doy medium than on Von Arnold and Eriksson, or Murashige and Skoog medium. The greatest number of buds and developed shoots was obtained after induction with benzyladenine at 2.22 or 4.40 mu M for four weeks. Shorter induction time was less effective for bud induction, but subsequent shoot elongation was accelerated. Shoots elongated on half-strength, growth regulator-free medium supplemented with activated charcoal. After pulse treatment with 1 mM indole-3-butyric acid twenty shoots were rooted, while agar-solidified medium supplemented with alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid (0.27 or 1.08 mu M), or indole-3-butyric acid (0.25 or 0.98 mu M) induced callus formation only.nul

Multiplication of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. shoots and their flavonoid composition

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Flowering of cultivated green and SAN 9789-treated Chenopodium rubrum plants exposed to white, blue, and red light

Green plants and plants devoid of photosynthetic pigments were compared with regard to their ability to flower under various growth conditions. Green plants of Chenopodium rubrum L. and plants treated with norflurazon SANDOZ-9789 (SAN) were grown on sucrose-containing media with or without hormones (GA(3), BA, IAA, ABA) under short-day photoperiodic or continuous illumination with white, blue, or red light. Green and SAN-treated albino plants produced flowers only under short-day conditions. The flowering of green plants was independent of the presence of sucrose and hormones in the medium as well as of the light quality. The albino plants produced flowers under white and blue light but did not flower in red light. The addition of GA(3) or BA to the medium induced flowering of albino plants exposed to red light. The functional interaction of photoreceptors in the flowering control is discussed.nul