Evaluación antimicrobiana de extractos obtenidos a partir de Tithonia Diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray con uso potencial en la industria lechera

El uso de antibióticos en el tratamiento de la mastitis en la industria lechera, ha acarreado una problemática con potencial impacto en la salud pública, como la resistencia antimicrobiana. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la acción antimicrobiana del extracto alcohólico de hojas, tallos y flores de Tithonia diversifolia sobre el crecimiento de Staphylococcus aureus y Escherichia coli en cultivo in vitro. Se evaluó el efecto inhibitorio en el crecimiento bacteriano a través de un ensayo de sensibilidad. En ambas bacterias el control positivo presentó un halo de inhibición superior a 30 mm, con diferencia significativa de  los extractos de T. diversifolia. Los cuales presentaron para S. aureus un halo de 9.7 y 10.4 mm y para E. coli de 6.5 y 9.4 mm para tallo-hoja y flores respectivamente. El extracto alcohólico de flores de T. diversifolia se perfila como una herramienta potencial para inhibir el crecimiento bacteriano. Palabras claves: Bioensayo, Escherichia coli, extracto alcohólico, Staphylococcus aureus, halo de inhibición, mastitis

Derrame pleural izquierdo por fístula de origen pancreático: reporte de caso clínico y revisión breve de literatura médica

Among the rarest and most infrequent complications of chronic pancreatitis are pancreatic-pleural fistulas, which occur in 0.04% of the population. We describe a clinical case of a patient of a 59-year-old male with a history of recurrent episodes of acute pancreatitis, which began with a 2-month history of acute respiratory distress associated with massive left pleural effusion. Thoracentesis was performed where around 2,500 ml of exudative-type fluid were drained and coinfection by Pseudomonas putida was evidenced by pleural culture, which was covered with Meropenem 500 mg every 8 hours IV for 14 days. Subsequently, an abdominal computerized tomography (CT) scan without contrast was performed, where show a pancreatic pseudocyst and cholangio pancreatic endoscopic resonance (CPER) is observed, which shows an abnormal pancreatogram with contrast medium leakage between the head and tail, for which a stent is placed in pancreatic-biliary tract.Entre las complicaciones más raras e infrecuentes de pancreatitis crónica se ubican las fístulas pancreáticas-pleurales, estas se presentan en un 0.04% de la población con esta comorbilidad. Se describe un caso clínico de un masculino de 59 años con antecedente de pancreatitis aguda a repetición, quien inicia con cuadro de dificultad respiratoria aguda de 2 meses de evolución asociado con derrame pleural izquierdo masivo. Se realiza toracocentesis para drenar aproximadamente 2500 ml de líquido de tipo exudativo y, además, se evidencia coinfección por pseudomona putida en cultivo de líquido pleural, la cual se cubre con meropenem 500 mg cada 8 horas IV por 14 días. Posteriormente, se realiza una tomografía axial computarizada (TAC) abdominal sin medio de contraste intravenoso que evidencia pseudoquiste pancreático y colangiopancreatoresonancia (CPRE) que exhibe un pancreatograma anormal con fuga de medio de contraste entre cabeza y cola pancreática por lo que se colocó stent en vía pancreático-biliar

Using Technology and Mentorship to Improve Teacher Pedagogy and Educational Opportunities in Rural Nicaragua

This study used ethnographic methods to understand factors influencing the implementation of an educational intervention combining short math content videos with teacher trainings and mentorship in high-poverty primary schools in Nicaragua with implications for rural school reform. Educators in rural schools in Latin American face serious obstacles to improve classroom instruction and pedagogy, including lack of resources and overcrowding. Research suggests an over-reliance on input-output models in which inputs (e.g. teacher salaries, textbooks, technology, computer labs, numbers of classrooms, etc.) are expected to produce particular outputs (student retention, lowering drop-out rates, increasing graduation rates, etc.); however, studies show that regardless of the resources, much depends on effective use of resources for successful teaching and learning (O'Sullivan, 2006; L. S. Shulman, 1987). While input/output models provide insights into an educational systems economic efficiency, they do not offer insight into what actually transpires inside of a classroom (O'Sullivan, 2006). Much depends on effective training and use of these very resources. Though systemic issues in the Nicaraguan educational system produced numerous obstacles for the eleven participating 3rd and 6th grade teachers, the educational intervention model supported teachersΓÇÖ ability to be innovative and grow their practice in four ways: a) increased pedagogical knowledge; b) opportunities to collaborate and support one another as a community of teachers; c) flexibility in adaptation of the intervention model to their specific classroom context; and d) use of videos as supportive resources for content knowledge

RANDOMNESS AND RECURSIVE ENUMERABILITY ∗

Abstract. One recursively enumerable real α dominates another one β if there are nondecreasing recursive sequences of rational numbers (a[n] : n ∈ ω) approximating α and (b[n] : n ∈ ω) approximating β and a positive constant C such that for all n, C(α − a[n]) ≥ (β − b[n]). See [R. M. Solovay

Truyện cổ dân tộc Thái

193 tr. ; 21 cm