Preparation, optimization and in vivo anti-inflammatory evaluation of hydroquinone loaded microemulsion formulations for melasma treatment

The aim of the study is to evaluate the strengthening of penetration of the epidermis through the formulas containing hydroquinone in melasma treatment and development of alternative new carrier systems. During preparation of hydroquinone loaded microemulsions, isopropyl myristate (IPM) as oil phase, Cremophor EL, Span 20, Span 80 and Tween 20 as surfactant, ethanol as co-surfactant, distilled water as aqueous phase were used. Furthermore, in vitro drug release studies were performed. As results of the study, it was measured that conductivity between 16 ± 2.51 and 42.1 ± 2.67, viscosity between 8.97 ± 0.082 and 51.76 ± 0.04, pH between 3.3 ± 0.436 and 5.7 ± 0.2 and refractive index between 1.4032 ± 0.0002 and 1.4299 ± 0.0002. Formulations showed that zeta potential between-0.461 ± 0.009 and 0.359 ± 0.223, PDI between 0.08 ± 0.02 and 0.196 ± 0.067, and droplet size between 24.27 ± 3.559 and 324.9 ± 16.8 nm. Moreover, in vitro drug release studies showed that formulation M2 released 87.405 % of the drug at the end of the 24h. According to results of histopathological analysis, formulations were found convenient for the usage. According to results of our study, hydroquinone loaded microemulsions can be seen as a promising alternative for the treatment of melasma disease

Evaluation of burn wound healing activity of novel fusidic acid loaded microemulsion based gel in male Wistar albino rats

The objective of the present research was to examine the possible usage of microemulsion based gel for fusidic acid (FA) dermal application as burn wound treatment. During the preparation of microemulsion, ethyl oleate as oil phase, tween 80 as a surfactant, ethanol as co-surfactant, water as aqueous phase were used. The prepared microemulsions were evaluated for clarity, pH, viscosity and FA content. Moreover, stability, sterility, antibacterial activity, in vitro release of the formulations were also evaluated. The results showed that the FA loaded microemulsion and microemulsion based gel formation and characteristics were related to many parameters of the components. The performed optimized microemulsion-based gel showed good stability over a period of 3 months. The antibacterial activity of microemulsion-based gel was found to be comparable with marketed cream. RAW 264.7 macrophages were used to determine cell viability (MIT assay) and nitric oxide production. MBG and FA-MBG significantly inhibit the production of the inflammatory mediator NO in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The wound healing property was evaluated by histopathological examination and by measuring the wound contraction. The % of wound area in rats treated with FA (2%) loaded microemulsion based gel ranged from 69.30% to 41.39% in the period from 3 to 10 days. In conclusion, FA loaded microemulsion based gel could be offered as encouraging strategy as dermal systems for the burn wound treatment

Antibacterial evaluation of elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton, Lavandula angustifolia mill. and salvia fruticosa mill. essential oil combinations in mouthwash preparations

The aim of this present study was to evalute Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton., Lavandula angustifolia Mill. and Salvia fruticosa Mill. essential oils in mouthwashes formulated with different combinations such as 0.1/0.25/0.1; 0.2/0.25/0.1; 0.3/0.1/0.1 in 10 mL (v/v), and their in vitro antibacterial activity performance. The characterization of the main essential oil components was performed by GC-FID and GC/MS analyses. The antimicrobial evaluation was performed by using the disc diffusion method against human pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Escherichia coli NRLL B-3008, Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579, and Salmonella typhii (clinical isolate), respectively. In the present study, among the tested bacteria S. typhii was the most sensitive, while B. cereus and E. coli were the most resistant pathogens in the applied mouthwash formulations. The essential oil combination containg mouthwash formulations can be used as a functional naturals based cosmetics

Assessment of aprotinin loaded microemulsion formulations for parenteral drug delivery: Preparation, characterization, in vitro release and cytotoxicity studies

WOS: 000372334800004PubMed ID: 26306401The object of the current study was to prepare novel microemulsion formulations of aprotinin for parenteral delivery and to compare in vitro characteristics and release behaviour of different Technetium-99m (Tc-99m)-Aprotinin loaded microemulsion formulations. In addition, cytotoxicity of microemulsion formulation was evaluated with cell culture studies on human immortalized pancreatic duct epithelial-like cells. For this aim, firstly, pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were plotted to detect the formulation region and optimal microemulsions were characterized for their thermodynamic stability, conductivity, particle size, zeta potential, viscosity, pH and in vitro release properties. For in vitro release studies aprotinin was labelled with Tc-99m and labelling efficiency, radiochemical purity and stability of the radiolabeled complex were determined by several chromatography techniques. Radiolabeling efficiency of Tc-99m-Aprotinin was found over than 90% without any significant changes up to 6 hours after labelling at room temperature. After that, in vitro release studies of Tc-99m-Aprotinin loaded microemulsions were performed with two different methods; dissolution from diffusion cells and dialysis bags. Both methods showed that release rate of Tc-99m-Aprotinin from microemulsion could be controlled by microemulsion formulations. Drug release from the optimized microemulsion formulations was found lower compared to drug solution at the end of six hours. According to stability studies, the optimized formulation was found to be stable over a period of 12 months. Also, human immortalized pancreatic duct epithelial-like cells were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of optimum formulation. Developed microemulsion did not reveal cytotoxicity. In conclusion the present study indicated that the M1-APT microemulsion is appropriate for intravenous application of aprotinin.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey [Tubitak-108S083]This study was supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (Tubitak-108S083). We would like to acknowledge Ege University Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (FABAL) for enabling us to use its laboratory instruments. The authors would like to thank to Ege University, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Department of Microbiology. The authors would like to thank Ismail Ozturk for assistance at sterility experiments